• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.48-62
• /
• 2009

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and psychological characteristics of each Sasang type groups which were classified by Sasang medicine specialist. 2. Methods: The subjects were 115 (85.2% of male) university students with $26.8\pm5.4$ yrs. of age and $12.9\pm1.7$ yrs. of education. We can get 30 of Soyang type, 39 of Taeeum type, 46 of Soeum type after the Sasang type classification. Their physical characteristics were measured with Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (Inbody 720, Biospace, Seoul), and psychological characteristics with Temperament and Character Inventory (Maumsarang, Seoul). The general linear model (SPSS 12.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago) were used for the analysis with gender and age as covariance. 3. Results and Conclusions: Taeeum type group ($75.64\pm13.01$, $26.12\pm4.16$, $15.74\pm2.42$, $11.30\pm1.80$, $3.93\pm0.62$, $18.43\pm7.70$) showed significantly bigger weight, intra-cellular water, extra-cellular water, protein, mineral, body fat mass than Soeum type group ($61.32\pm8.56$, $22.54\pm3.87$, $13.70\pm2.15$, $9.74\pm1.68$, $3.35\pm0.51$, $10.79\pm3.97$). In obesity degree such as Body Mass Index and Waist-hip ratio, and circumference measures in chest, waist and hip, we found significant differences in the order of Taeeum>Soyang>Soeum. As a psychological perspectives Soyang type group ($41.90\pm13.32$) has higher NS (Novelty-Seeking) score than Soeum type group ($35.22\pm11.22$) with marginal significance (p=0.052). In sub-scale measurements Soeum type group ($10.61\pm3.69$) has significantly lower value than other two groups in P3 (Ambition). The results of present study showed that Taeeum type by specialist has same physical characteristics as previously reported QSCC II based studies. Temperament profile of each Sasang type group will serve as an important evidence for further study showing that the Sasang typology has biological basis.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2003

This paper preliminarily investigates the effectiveness of various control systems, such as passive, active, semiactive and hybrid control, for seismic protection of cable-stayed bridges by examining the ASCE first generation benchmark problem for a cable-stayed bridge. This benchm.0.00000ark problem considers the cable-stayed bridge that is scheduled for completion in Missouri, USA In 2003. Seismic considerations were strongly considered in the design of this bridge due to location of the bridge and its critical role as a principal crossing of the Mississippi River. Based on detailed drawings of this cable-stayed bridge, a three-dimensional linearized evaluation model has been developed to represent the complex behavior of the bridge. A set of eighteen evaluation criteria has been developed to evaluate the capability of each control system. In this study, four passive control systems, one active control system, two semiactive control systems and three hybrid control systems are considered. Numerical simulation results show that all the control systems are effective in reducing the responses of the benchmark cable-stayed bridge under the historical earthquakes. To get good performance, however, the passive control systems need quite large control forces compared to other control systems. The simulation results also demonstrate that the passive, semiactive and hybrid control systems are robust to the stiffness uncertainty of the structure. Therefore, the semiactive and hybrid control systems are more appropriate in real applications for full-scale civil infrastructures.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.73-82
• /
• 2000

Two Psyllidae species of Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster) and C. pyrisuga (Foerster)damaging pear trees have been reported in Korea. However, their ecological characteristics and damagepatterns have not been evaluated yet. To establish basic control measures of C. pyricola, field phenology,overwintering ecology, seasonal fluctuation and temperature-dependent development of C. pyricola wereexamined. C. pyricola overwintered under the bark scale of pear trees as winter form adults and theymoved to fruiting twigs from mid-February. Honeydew produced by C. pyricola nymphs and adults asthey feed caused serious black sooty mold on leaves and fruits. The seasonal occurrence of C. pyricolawas different every year. In 1993, characterized by cold temperature and heavy precipitation, C. pyricolapopulation was maintained highly during growing season. However, the population was decreased rapidlyfrom early July in 1994, year of hot and dry weather condition. In 1995, year of average temperature, thedensity of C. pyricola population was decreased during hot months of July and August, and rebuilt up inSeptember and October. The development periods of C. pyricola eggs were 13.33 days at 15"C, 9.32 daysat 20$^{\circ}$C, 7.82 days at 25"C, 6.60 days at 30$^{\circ}$C, and 7.75 days at 35$^{\circ}$C. The development periods ofnymphs were 33.75 days at 15OC, 23.77 days at 20$^{\circ}$C, 15.21 days at 25"C, and 17.40 days at 30$^{\circ}$C. Theirdevelopment periods and mortalities were increased in higher temperatures. The parameters of nonlineardevelopment model, Weibull and linear development models of Cacopsylla pyricola were estimated.models of Cacopsylla pyricola were estimated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.135-135
• /
• 2017

The Gramene database (http://www.gramene.org) is a powerful online resource for agricultural researchers, plant breeders and educators that provides easy access to reference data, visualizations and analytical tools for conducting cross-species comparisons. Learn the benefits of using Gramene to enrich your lectures, accelerate your research goals, and respond to your organismal community needs. Gramene's genomes portal hosts browsers for 44 complete reference genomes, including crops and model organisms, each displaying functional annotations, gene-trees with orthologous and paralogous gene classification, and whole-genome alignments. SNP and structural diversity data, available for 11 species, are displayed in the context of gene annotation, protein domains and functional consequences on transcript structure (e.g., missense variant). Browsers from multiple species can be viewed simultaneously with links to community-driven organismal databases. Thus, while hosting the underlying data for comparative studies, the portal also provides unified access to diverse plant community resources, and the ability for communities to upload and display private data sets in multiple standard formats. Our BioMart data mining interface enable complex queries and bulk download of sequence, annotation, homology and variation data. Gramene's pathway portal, the Plant Reactome, hosts over 240 pathways curated in rice and inferred in 66 additional plant species by orthology projection. Users may compare pathways across species, query and visualize curated expression data from EMBL-EBI's Expression Atlas in the context of pathways, analyze genome-scale expression data, and conduct pathway enrichment analysis. Our integrated search database and modern user interface leverage these diverse annotations to facilitate finding genes through selecting auto-suggested filters with interactive views of the results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.39 no.5 s.180
• /
• pp.525-535
• /
• 2006

A study on stream-groundwater exchange was performed using head and temperature data of stream water, streambed, and groundwater. Groundwater level and temperature were obtained from multi-depth monitoring wells in small-scale watershed. During the summer and winter season, time series of temperature data at streambed and groundwater were monitored for six months. In the winter time, we measured the temperature gradient between stream water and streambed. The observed data showed three typical types of temperature characteristics. First, the temperature of streambed was lower than that of stream water; second, the temperature of streambed and stream water was similar; and the last, the temperature of streambed was higher than that of stream water. The interconnections between the stream and the streambed were not homogeneously distributed due to weakly developed sediments and heterogeneous bedrock exposed as bed of the stream. The temperature data may be used in formal solutions of the inverse problems to estimate groundwater flow and hydraulic conductivity.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.521-531
• /
• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between the state of dental health(number of natural teeth) and nutritional status of Korean elderly using Korean Dietary Reference Intakes, which was an objective standard for nutritional intake based on database of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, large scale of sample obtained by the government. Methods : Complex sampling procedure was used to analyze the fourth data(2007-2009) of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. When preparing planning file, the estimator of variance as a stratification variance (variance name : kstrata), population of survey unit as a cluster variance(variance name : PSU), and previous exam and nutritional related weighted as a weighted were analyzed by considering reproduced survey and nutritional related total weighted. Complex samples chi-square test was used to estimate the relation between number of natural teeth and inadequate intake and relation factors included in the model were analyzed by complex samples logistic regression analysis. Results : The group of edentulous had a higher risk to intake less nutrient, except calcium, riboflavin and vitamin C than recommended level comparing to reference group which had natural teeth more than 20(phosphate : OR=1.763; 95% CI=1.273-2.443, thiamine : OR=1.748; 95% CI=1.276-2.395, protein : OR=1.610; 95% CI=1.213-2.138). Conclusions : The number of teeth in Korean elderly over 65 years old had a relation with nutritional status in this investigation. Especially, intake level of nutrients was different between the edentulous group and the reference group. Therefore, dental health care is needed from young and middle age to keep health dental condition for through whole life as well as old age. Although the dental condition of the aged is not good, it is evitable to educate them about the relation between dental health and nutritional ingestion to take balanced nutrition, we think.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2017

This study aims to examine whether a gender works to make the difference on the university experiences of natural sciences and engineering major students; and the income and quality gap between the graduates. In this study, university experiences means job market and job searching related experiences such as job fair attending, The main research questions are as follows; fist, what are the significant university experiences related job preparation and application, and is there a gender gap on those experiences? Second, how is the job market performance of the national sciences and engineering graduates for their income level and quality job, and is there a gender gap on the job market performance of the sample? Third, which variables among the university experiences for job searching and application impacts the job quality and income level of the natural sciences and engineering graduates? To find out the research results, this study conducts a panel data analysis with GOMS (Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey) throughout survey year of 2006 to 2015, towards 568,264 as weighted value number. As analysis methods, this study carries out a descriptive analysis, ANOVA, discriminant analysis, linear regression and T-test. Therefore, here are the brief outputs of the study; first, for natural sciences and engineering students, the off-campus experiences such as job fair, job recruit festival and internship programs are more favored; second, female students are more likely to attend personal and self-driven job preparation programs; third, on job market performance, the graduates' income level and company scale rate are higher in the male but job stability is higher in the female; fourth, as a result of the linear regression, gender factor decides the income level in considerable degree; additionally, gender factor shows the difference of the job satisfaction and self-effectiveness on one's job as a qualitative variables. For obtaining strictness, university program factors are controlled through model fitness process. As above, this study finds out the main factors of university life of natural sciences and engineering graduates which are related their job searching and preparation experiences and figures out stronger factors in job market; and examines the statistically significance of the gender in this casual-effect relationship between job preparation and job quality of the graduates.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2020

Wetlands, which provide various ecological services, have been regarded as an important nature-based solution for, for example, sustainable water quality improvement and buffering of impacts from climate change. Although the importance of conserving wetlands to reduce the impacts of various perturbations (e.g., changes of land use, climate, and hydrology) has been acknowledged, the possibility of applying these efforts as a nature-based solution in a macro-scale (e.g., landscape) has been insufficient. In this study, we examine the possibility of ecological network analysis that provides an engineering solution as a nature-based solution. Specifically, we analyzed how land use change affects the structural and functional characteristics (connectivity, network efficiency, and clustering coefficient) of the ecological networks by using the ecological networks generated by multiple dispersal models of the hypothetical inhabiting species in wetlandscape. Changes in ecological network characteristics were analyzed through simultaneously removing wetlands, with two initial conditions for surface area, in the zones where land use change occurs. We set a total number of four zones of land use change with different wetland densities. All analyses showed that mean degree and network efficiency were significantly reduced when wetlands in the zones with high wetland density were removed, and this phenomenon was intensified especially when zones contained hubs (nodes with high degree). On the other hand, we observed the clustering coefficient to increase. We suggest our approach for assessing the impacts of land use change on ecological networks, and with additional analysis on betweenness centrality, we expect it can provide a nature-based engineering solution for creating alternative wetlands.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.235-242
• /
• 2010

Emotion science is one of the rapidly expanding engineering/scientific disciplines which has a major impact on human society. Such growing interests in emotion science and engineering owe the recent trend that various academic fields are being merged. In this paper we review the recent techniques in the measuring the emotion related elements and applications which include animal model system to investigate the neural network and behaviour, artificial nose/neuronal chip for in-depth understanding of sensing the outer stimuli, metabolic controlling using emotional stimulant such as sounds. In particular, microfabrication techniques made it possible to construct nano/micron scale sensing parts/chips to accommodate the olfactory cells and neuron cells and gave us a new opportunities to investigate the emotion precisely. Recent developments in the measurement techniques will be able to help combine the social sciences and natural sciences, and consequently expand the scope of studies.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2017

In this study, the experiment for determining shock loss at the branch is conducted for the design of network double-deck road tunnel ventilation. The shock loss coefficient that determines the quantity of shock loss has been considered only regarding the constant aspect ratio of circular or rectangular section. However the suggestion of shock loss coefficient is needed since the aspect ratio of double-deck road tunnel for small vehicle is considered around 1:3 with the low height in Korea. The experiment model was made with the scale of around 1:23 applying Reynolds similarity law, so that the shock loss coefficient on the branch of the large aspect ratio was measured. The result of the study showed that shock loss coefficients of both split branch and straight branch were measured two to three times higher than those calculated from the theoretical equation or design values of previous studies. Therefore the study resulted the effect of large aspect ratio on shock loss coefficient was huge, and it is expected that precise design value can be suggested for the design of network double-deck tunnel ventilation.