• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.37-62
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop an appropriate scale for evaluating early years children's English textbooks and to confirm the validity and reliability for the scale thus developed. The scale was administered to 563 Korean early childhood English teachers. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of the 24 item scale demonstrated Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ = .94 for internal consistency of the total items. Confimatory Factor Analysis (CFA) supported a four-factor structure. Cross-Validation for the retest accepted the four-factors. Those four factors were as follows; Contents & Organization as factor 1, Illustrations & Designs as factor 2, Materials & Topics, as factor 3 and Objectives as factor 4. The author suggests that these afore mentioned factors will prove to be most useful for evaluating the children's English textbooks which are apparently published in an often quite indiscriminant manner.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief Scale (MFIBS). Method: The research design was a methodological study. The items generated for this scale were drawn from a comprehensive literature review. Content validity was established for the MFIBS. The 26-item scale was developed to measure the construct of the MFIBS during pregnancy and tested on 186 pregnant women. Results: The final tool consist of 20 items which were sorted into 6 factors by factor analysis. The factors were identified as 'influence of pregnancy (5 items)', 'ability of fetus (3 items)', 'maternal-fetal interaction behavior (3 items)', 'practice of taegyo (3 items)', 'ability of infant (3 items)', and 'taemong (3 items)'. The six factors explained 62.37% of the total variance in the MFIBS. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60-.85 Guttman split-half coefficient was .66. Conclusions: This scale proves to be a effective, useful tool and suitable in Korean women for measuring the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief. Future studies are required for further refinement of the scale.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.364-368
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of psychological factors on Schroth exercise and Pilates exercise to female high school students with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Sixteen subjects with over 20 of Cobb's angle were randomly divided into Schroth exercise group (SEG, n=8) and Pilates exercise group (PEG, n=8). Both training programs were carried out 3 day a week for 12 weeks. Psychological factors were measured using depression scale, self esteem scale and body esteem scale. Results: Both groups showed significant differences in depression scale, self esteem scale and body esteem scale. Schroth exercise group showed greater improvement than Pilates group. Conclusion: Having correct body image affects psychological factors to growing students. Schroth exercise is more effective method to physical and psychological approach of idiopathic scoliosis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.273-284
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• 1989

The aim of this investigation was to delineate concepts contributing to the Exercise of Self-Care Agency (E.S.C.A.) Scale developed by Kearney & Fleischer (1979) and to test its construct validity and its predictors. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. By means of principal factor analysis and maximal likelihood factor analysis upon data generated from 280 undergraduate students, the factors of Concern about Health Knowledge, self-Concept, Information - Seeking Behavior, Decision -making and Responsibility, Self-esteem, and Passivity emerged. The total percent of variance explained by the 6 factors was 75.1% 2. To assess factor independence and instrument homogeneity, correlations among the 6 factors were computed. The correlations ranged from .24 to .46 indicating that the factors and the items were not too similar or redundant. 3. Test-retest reliability of the total scale is r＝.70. Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient for internal consistency of the total scale is .86 and that of the factors ranged from .750 to .661 (only factor 6 .497). 4. In additional analysis of the Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale in relationship to Multiple Health Locus of Control, Family Environmental Scale, and Cornell Medical Index using stepwise multiple regression, the Internal Health Locus of Control Score predicted 21.8%(F＝53.34, p＝.0001), Family Environmental Score 8.3%(F＝22.59, P＝.0001), Modified Cornell Medical Index Score 5.4%(F＝15.74, P＝.0001) of the score of the E.S.C.A.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a teacher-efficacy scale which is adequate for heath education teachers. Method: A preliminary questionnaire was made based on the hypothetical factors. A total of 364 health education teachers answered to the preliminary test, and the potential factors of teacher-efficacy were checked out by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In the main test 378 health education teachers answered, the factor structure was drawn by EFA, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to test and the fitness of the factor model. Results: Through the preliminary test, 5 potential factors were found, which were instruction, health-service, administrative task, interpersonal relationship, and community connection. Also, 48 items were reduced to 31 items. Through the main test, from the 34 items were extracted 4 factors with 24 items, And then teacher-efficacy scale was developed, which included the subscales of instruction efficacy, health-service efficacy, task-interpersonal efficacy, and community connection efficacy. Conclusion: Different from that for other subject teachers, the factor structure for health teachers had 4 factors with 24 items. The scale developed in this study is consistent with health teachers' work areas, and for this reason, has significance as a adequate and valid scale to measure teacher-efficacy of health education teachers.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.735-743
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• 2012

Since the CBD(Conservation on Biological Diversity)'s 10th Conference of the Parties adopted the protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing in Nagoya 2010, the importance of endangered species studies such as habitat distribution, protection and management have been more emerged. Corylopsis coreana, an endangered species in Korea, was isolated nationally and has been damaged by anthropogenic factors. In this paper, we identified the factors affecting C. coreana habitat at the national scale and regional scale using National Survey of Natural Environment and predicted the distribution of C. coreana. Annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter, temperature seasonality and Digital Elevation Model(DEM) were derived as important factors at the national scale, and precipitation of wettest quarter, DEM and solar radiation on spring were identified as important factors at regional scale. Colylopsis distribution was affected by an effect of climate significantly at the national scale, and by additionally the microclimate and topography at regional scale. These findings will be used as the basis on habitat conservation and restoration plan and climate change.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-88
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• 2003

Purpose : The Purposes of this study was to develop a learning organization measurement for nurses, and to test the validity and reliability of the measurement. Method : This study was conducted through 3 phases -theoretical framework choice, measurement items selection, and the testing of validity and reliability. In order to test reliability and validity of the measurement, data were collected from the 261 nurses, working in the 1 hospital with more 800 beds. The data obtained were analyzed by SPSS for Window program using percentages, Factor Analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Result : As a result of the study, 2 scales -Learning Organization Building Scale, and Knowledge Management Process Scale- were developed. Learning Organization Building Scale was consisted of 23 items, 5 factors. 5 factors explained 60.26% of the total variance, and the Cronbach's alpha of this scale was .8807. Knowledge Management Process Scale was consisted of 17 items, 4 factors. 4 factors explained 66.14% of the total variance, and the Cronbach's alpha of this scale was .9147. Conclusion : The Study supports the validity and reliability of the scales. Therefore, these scales can be effectively utilized for many researches about Learning organization of Nurse, and Nursing organization in the Hospital Setting.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.303-318
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• 2008

Participants in this study of the validity and reliability of PIPPS (Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale; Fantuzzo et al., 1998) for Korean children were 248 5-to 6-year - old children and 11 teachers. Instruments included the Peer Rating Scale(PRS; Singleton et al., 1979), Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation (SCBE; LaFreniere & Dumas, 1995), and Preschool Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ; Behar & Stringfield, 1974). The structure of PIPPS resulted in 3 factors, 'play disruption', 'play interaction', and 'play disconnection' with 30 items similar to the original PIPPS factors. Validity was evidenced by inter-correlations among sub-factors and by correlations between PIPPS and criterion measures. PIPPS scores were validated by ratings from PRS, SCBE and PBQ sub-areas scores. Cronbach's a reliability of PIPPS factors ranged from .88 to .92.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-75
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors on self-care in the elderly with essential hypertension. Method: The research instruments included the Self-Care Scale, the Knowledge Scale Related to Hypertension, the Self-Efficacy Scale and the Family-Support Scale. Results: The self-care was significantly associated with knowledge (r=.510, p=.000), self-efficacy (r=.708, p=.000), and family support (r=.403, p=.000). The major factors that affected subjects' self-care were knowledge and self-efficacy which explained 58.7% of self-care. Conclusion: Hypertension knowledge and self-efficacy are important factors for nursing interventions in caring for elderly patients with hypertension. It is needed to develop nursing programs for elderly patients with hypertension and to provide nursing interventions to improve knowledge and self-efficacy and, thereby, improving the self-care of elderly patients with hypertension.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of braden scale to assess pressure ulcer risk patients and to identify additional risk factors of pressure sores in an neurologic intensive care unit. Method: The subjects of this study were 66 patients in neurologic intensive care units. Data was prospectively collected from Sep. to Dec., 2002. Data were analyzed by mean, percentage, t-test, chi-square, discriminant analysis using Spss pc+. Result: The results of this study were as follows: 1) There was a significant difference between scoring of braden scale and pressure ulcer development. The subscales that predicted pressure ulcer development using braden scale only were sensory perception, moisture, mobility, friction & shear. By using these subscales, sensitivity was 86.7%, and specificity was 61.1%, and total hit ratio was 72.7%. 2) Additional pressure ulcer risk factors which showed significance for discriminating two group were protein, albumin, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination. By using the combination of these additional risk factors in addition to the braden scale, total hit ratio increased to 84.8%. Conclusion: This data suggest that albumin, protein, gender, level of consciousness, pattern of bowel elimination in addition to the braden scale should be included in the pressure sore assessment tool.