• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2018

Background Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) are increasingly performed to obtain the best aesthetic and psychological outcomes in breast cancer treatment. However, merely preserving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) does not guarantee a good outcome. Darkly pigmented NACs and a tendency for poor scarring outcomes are particular challenges when treating Asian patients. Herein, we review the reconstructive outcomes following NSM at Singapore General Hospital. Methods All breasts reconstructed following NSM over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed. Information was collected from the patients' records on mastectomy indications, operative details, and complications. Patient satisfaction, breast sensation, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated in 15 patients. Sensation was quantified using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test. Results A total of 142 NSMs were performed in 133 patients for breast cancer (n=122, 85.9%) or risk reduction (n=20, 14.1%). Of the procedures, 114 (80.2%) were autologous reconstructions, while 27 (19.0%) were reconstructions with implants. Complications occurred in 28 breasts (19.7%), with the most common complication being NAC necrosis, which occurred in 17 breasts (12.0%). Four breasts (2.8%) had total NAC necrosis. The overall mean patient satisfaction score was 3.0 (good). The sensation scores were significantly diminished in the skin envelope, areola, and nipple of breasts that had undergone NSM compared to non-operated breasts (P<0.05). Half of the subset of 15 patients in whom aesthetic outcomes were evaluated had reduced nipple projection. Conclusions Immediate reconstruction after NSM was performed with a low complication rate in this series, predominantly through autologous reconstruction. Patients should be informed of potential drawbacks, including NAC necrosis, reduced nipple projection, and diminished sensation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.2 s.175
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• pp.101-112
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• 2007

In this study, a methodology was developed to evaluate the effects produced in the event of joint-operation of dams from the viewpoint of water use. It was applied to evaluating the actual results of dam operation in the Han River basin. In order to evaluate the effects of real joint-operation in terms of water supply and flow conditions, the methodology used the satisfaction rate of water requirement and the stability of flow conditions at the evaluation site as indicator. In order to evaluate the effects of joint-operation in terms of power generation, the total power generation produced by dams was used as evaluation indicator. Actual operation results were evaluated by comparison of evaluation indicators relating to single dam operation by which the notified mont of water was supplied, as well as to optimization models. Results of actual joint-operation of the Han River basin, from 2001 to 2004, were compared yearly with results from single operation and optimization model; in terms of water supply, the satisfaction ratio of water requirement stood at $94.36{\sim}99.68%$ for single operation, $97.16{\sim}99.90%$ for actual joint-operation, and 100.0 % for optimization model for all four years. The stability of flow condition was evaluated by the coefficient of river regime and coefficient of flow conditions definitely, indicating that flow conditions were more stable in case of actual operation and optimization models than in case of single operation. The actual total power generation was compared with that generated by other operation rules, indicating that the optimization model increased the power generation by $-3.47{\sim}6.54%$ compared with the actual total power generation, and that the single operation decreased the power generation amount by $12.68{\sim}38.94%$ compared with the actual total power generation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3486-3491
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the variables of success in the national dental hygienist licence examination at D college. The subjects in this study were 120 dental hygiene juniors at D college located in Gangwon Province. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS WIN 13.0 and a R2.13.2 program, and $x^2$(Chi-square) test, regression analysis, multiple linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were utilized. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. There was a tendency that the pass rate was higher among the students who were more satisfied with their major, whose academic standing was higher and who scored higher in trial examinations. 2. There was a positive correlation between academic standing and trial exam scores. 3. When their academic standing and satisfaction level with major were the same, an increase of one point in trial exams led to a 1.141-fold rise in the probability of passing the national exam. In this study, trial exam scores were identified as the variable to exert the largest influence on success in the national dental hygienist qualification exam. Therefore more intensive guidance should be provided for students who make a preparation for the national exam yet score low in trial exams.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.531-538
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• 2009

This study examined the musculoskeletal symptom experience rate of some dental clinic workers and the factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms according to their working environment and health habit. To that end, between March 9 and March 28, 2009, 200 workers at dental clinics in Chungcheong-do were surveyed using the self-administered questionnaire method. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The following conclusion was reached. 1. One-year musculoskeletal symptom experience rates of the subjects were categorized according to pans of the body: shoulders - 60.5%, lower limbs (legs, knees, and feet) - 57.0%, the lumbar region (back and waist) - 56.0%, the neck - 51.0% and the upper limbs (arms, wrists, and fingers) - 32.0%. 2. In general characteristics, a statistically significant difference was found according to gender, age, education, position, and oral health state. In working environments, a statistically significant difference was found according to work experience, the average daily number of patients handled, the average daily working hours, the posture for diagnosis, and satisfaction over work. In health habit, a statistically significant difference was found according to regular exercise, regular examination, and regular eating habit. 3. Factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms were examined. As a result, influencing the musculoskeletal symptom experience were satisfaction over work among working environment characteristics, and regular exercise among health habit characteristics.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2021

Purpose: The hotel industry needs a leader who can actively demonstrate leadership to respond to and accept changes in the organization in a highly competitive and fast-changing environment. Therefore, the role of leaders who instill clear vision and goals of the organization in their members, listen to their opinions, and empathize is paramount. Leaders should encourage successful organizational activities based on active participation by employees and create the best environment for working with a sense of mission and responsibility. This study aims to identify the relationship between empathy leadership and job engagement as a result variable of team cohesion in the hotel culinary department and conduct empirical studies on the role of empathy leadership and job engagement. Research design, data, and methodology: The data were collected from employees who work in culinary department at a five-star franchise hotel located in the Seoul metropolitan area. Because it is difficult to conduct a survey through face-to-face contact with employees due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the online survey was conducted from February 1 to February 28, 2020. A total of 330 questionnaires through online were distributed and 268 employees completed the survey, yielding a response rate of 81%. Of the 268 returned responses, 27 responses were not usable due to missing information. Thus, a total of 241 responses were used for analysis. Results: The study results are as follows. First, it has been shown that the empathy leadership of culinary department in hotel companies has a significant positive impact on the job engagement. Second, it has been shown that job engagement has a significant positive effect on members' team cohesiveness. Third, empathy leadership of hotel companies' culinary department has a significant positive impact on members' team cohesiveness. Fourth, job engagement has a significant positive (+) mediating effect in the relationship between empathy leadership and team cohesiveness in culinary department. Conclusion: This study supports the theory that an emotional and empathic leader's behavior or ability can change the effectiveness or atmosphere of a rapidly changing hotel culinary team organization by presenting a research model on the effect of empathic leadership on job engagement and team cohesiveness. And hotel chefs should be more aware of the importance of empathic leadership and make them a human resource of the organization through formal and informal communication with culinary employees.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.117-125
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• 2018

This paper examined the problems concerning recognition of business selection and operation, etc. and the presentation of the corresponding improvement measures. For this purpose, according to the results of a questionnaire survey on recognition of detailed business operation of the fire safety shared tax, satisfaction in business execution, financial operation measures for the subject of fire fighters, fire fighters have been shown to be indifferent to the detailed business field of fire safety shared tax, investment contents, etc. in the operation of fire safety shared tax. In terms of satisfaction after execution of the shared tax, reduction of the aging rates for firefighting equipment and improvement of dissemination rate was shown to be high with Fire Sergeant (M = 3.70) and a service duration of more than 16 years (M=3.64). To improve the measures of finance, there was considerable feedback saying that the reduction in state subsidy was inappropriate. In view of the diversification and development of the fire safety shared tax businesses being operated on a limited basis along with the overlap of most state subsidy businesses with safety field businesses, legal system improvement is needed for the stable securing of insufficient firefighting financial resources so that the full amount of shared tax can be invested in firefighting fields.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.26-34
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• 2019

This descriptive convergence research is to get basic data for educational program by investigating awareness on pediatric nurses and nursing prospects after pediatric clinical practicum among 143 junior nursing students. Using SPSS/Win 21.0, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were carried out. The awareness of subjects on pediatric nurses was $4.09{\pm}0.61$ on a scale of 5, which was higher than the traditional and social ones, and nursing prospects' was $3.31{\pm}0.65$ on a scale of 5. There're significant differences partially in awareness on pediatric nurses according to sex, age, satisfaction in nursing and practium hospitals. Awareness on nursing prospects of those who had average satisfaction in nursing was higher than others(p<.002). There was a positive correlation between subvaribles of awareness on pediatric nurses and nursing prospects(r=.287~.510, p<.01), Traditional and social awareness were the significant factors on nursing prospects in hierarchical multiple regression, and the explannation rate was 29.2%(p<.001). It's needed to raise awareness on nursing prospects by improving traditional and social awareness on pediatric nurses.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.843-862
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop quality innovation techniques specialized for the small and medium-sized businesses. which account for the majority of Korean companies, were having a hard time utilizing the widely recognized quality innovation techniques due to resource constraints. Methods: First, we do review the existing Single PPM and 6 Sigma. And investigate the utilization of these methods including Toyota Production System. Second, we devised a four-step problem-solving methodology based on recent trends in quality innovation such as Simple, Speedy, and Smart. Third, we do survey on frequently used tools for quality innovation. Many opinion leaders including quality consultants and professors answered and gave us valuable comments about our selected quality tools. Finally, we do specify and map tools to each step of PASS. Results: In 2017, 167 companies participated in the quality innovation support business for small businesses according to the Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry. We conducted performance checks on 167 companies that had completed the "PASS" projects. For the purpose of evaluating improvement performance, the survey was carried out using a structured questionnaire during the field visit of these companies mentioned above. For the reference, 165 out of 167 companies (98.8 % response rate) responded to the questionnaire and conducted performance analysis based on it. According to the survey, 97.6 percent of the respondents were very satisfied with their overall satisfaction with the quality innovation support projects for small and medium sized enterprises in 2017. Also, 93.3 % of the respondents were satisfied with the results of level of the target achievement. As a result, 160 companies (97.0 % of the participating companies) hope to partic ipate in the quality improvement project using "PASS" once again. Conclusion: In this paper, we introduce the new quality innovation methodology, which is named as 'PASS', It could support the long-range business plan of the small and medium-sized businesses to achieve total customer satisfaction resulting in increased market share and improved profit margin. The most small companies can use this "PASS" technique more easily, quickly and most efficiently than their existing known quality innovation techniques such as Six Sigma and Single PPM, etc.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.209-215
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• 2018

The survey conducted with 120 florists in Korean domestic flower shops to investigate the use and awareness of floral preservatives in Korea. As a result, only 19.8% of the domestic florists use floral preservatives frequently in their shops, whereas 45.5% do not use them at all, suggesting very low use frequency. Korean domestic florists considered the use of floral preservatives mostly for storing cut flowers to preventing bacteria growth. For the reasons not to use floral preservatives, 51.4% of the Korean domestic florists did not value its usefulness, showing a lack of awareness of floral preservatives. However, 44.2% of the florists who had the experience with floral preservatives satisfied with the effect of floral preservatives, and 49.5% of the respondents positively answered to recommend floral preservatives to others. General awareness on floral preservatives among Korean domestic florists was positive. 50.5% of the florists with the experience with the floral preservative had the high intention to re-purchase the flower preservatives. The low use frequency and lack of recognition of floral preservatives in Korea were likely due to very few floral preservative brands and little advertising. However, the high satisfaction level and repurchase intention rate shown by the florists indicates that increasing advertising and education for the floral preservatives would improve the accessibility and awareness of the products and their effects increasing the opportunity to use floral preservatives among Korean domestic florists, further enhancing consumers' satisfaction by improving the cut flower quality and its vase life.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2020

Objectives : This study looked at the effects of chronic IPV on suicide ideation among married women in the country. Methods : This study used data from the five-year-old Korea Welfare Panel and analyzed using questions about verbal and physical violence, depression and suicide ideation that were investigated every year. Age, education, and economic levels, drinking, religion, chronic disease, satisfaction with family relationship, satisfaction with social relationship, were included as variables. Results : The five-year cumulative score of verbal violence had a statistically significant effect on the depressive symptom, and the relative risk was 1.180. The relative risk of five-year-old cumulative score of verbal violence in suicidal ideation was 1.276, and it was also significant even if they exclude the effects of depressive symptom. On the other hand, the five-year cumulative score of physical violence was found to have no significant impact on suicide ideation if they excluded the effects of depressive symptom. Conclusions : Unlike previous studies, this study found that chronic verbal IPVs increase suicide ideation, even though they do not contain effects of depression. Such findings suggest that intervention in IPV in married women may help reduce the nation's suicide rate.