• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2010

본 연구는 소의 부위별 근육에 특이하게 발현하는 유전자 마커를 발굴하여 소고기의 부위를 과학적으로 판명할 수 있는 기술을 개발하고자 실시하였다. 이러한 연구 목표 아래 먼저 사태(Beef shank), 등심(Longissimus dorsi), 양지(Deep pectoral), 홍두깨(Semitendinosus) 부위의 근육조직에서 MSC (myogenic satellite cell, 근육줄기세포)를 순수 분리하고 이를 MFC (myotube-formed cell; 근관이 형성된 세포)로 분화시키거나 ALC (adipocyte-like cell; 지방세포와 유사한 세포)로 이형분화 시킨 후 3가지의 세포로 부터 각각의 RNA를 추출하였다. 이렇게 추출한 RNA는 24,000개의 bovine oligo-nucelotide (70 mer)가 집적된 microarray를 이용해 4개의 조직 중 1개의 조직에서만 MSC의 분화(MFC) 또는 이형분화 과정에서 mRNA의 발현이 증감을 보이는 유전자 135개를 먼저 발굴하였다. 135개의 유전자에 대해 microarray 분석에 사용한 동일한 RNA를 이용하여 real-time PCR 기술로 검증한 결과 총 29개의 유전자가 microarray 분석 결과와 유사함을 보였다. 29개의 유전자를 다시 4개 부위의 생체 조직에서 추출한 RNA를 이용해 real-time PCR 방법으로 분석한 결과 TS (thymi- dlyate synthase), TE (tropoelastin), RAD52(similar RAD52 motifcontaining protein 1), unknown gene), MLC2 (myosin light 2, regulatory cardiac, slow), TXNIP (thioredoxin-interating protein) 6개의 유전자만이 다른 부위에 비해 사태 부위에서 현저한 발현의 차이를 나타냈다. 결론적으로 본 연구를 통해 소 부위별 근육을 구분할 수 있는 과학적 기술의 토대를 확립하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.423-441
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 MTSAT-2 적외 영상과 수증기 영상을 이용하여 2010년 9월 21일 추석 호우 사례에 대하여 대류운 생애주기의 각 단계에서 나타나는 특징을 조사하였다. 추석 호우와 관련된 최초의 구름은 20일 1630~1900 UTC에 서해 중부 지역에서 관측된 다중 세포의 하층운이다. 이 구름 가운데 일부가 1930 UTC에 산동반도 부근에서 휘도온도 $-45^{\circ}C$ 이하의 대류 세포로 발달한다. 이 때 이 지역은 수증기 영상에서 암역의 가장자리에 위치한다. 대류 세포는 동진하다가 한반도 중서부 해안 부근에서 21일 0030과 0430 UTC에 두 차례의 병합을 거쳐 급격히 발달한다. 이후 21일 0430에서 1000 UTC까지 약 6시간 동안 위성 영상에서 구름의 면적은 상대적으로 작고, 수평 이동속도는 느려졌다. 최저 휘도온도는 약 $-75{\sim}-65^{\circ}C$로 매우 낮게 유지되며, 잘 발달한 부세포가 반복적으로 형성되는 특징을 보인다. 레이더 자료에는 국지적으로 50 mm/hr 이상의 강우율을 보이는 좁은 띠 모양의 강우 밴드가 나타나고 이 밴드는 대류운의 남서쪽 가장자리에 위치한다. 그러나 수치 모델 자료의 종관 규모 역학적 강제항에는 뚜렷한 특징을 찾기 어렵다. 대류 세포의 구름 면적은 21일 1000 UTC 이후 짧은 시간에 급격한 증가를 보이고 뒤이어 소멸한다. 이러한 대류 세포의 발달과 관련된 위성 영상의 특징은 중규모 호우의 초단기 예보와 실시간 예보에 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

In order to investigate the effect of Transforming growth factor ${\beta}1$(below TGF-${\beta}1$) and osteogenic protein-1(below Op-1) onto the myogenic differentiation, C2C12 satellite myoblastic cell line was cultured and treated with both growth factors. At first morphological changes with microscopical examination were examined, and isolated total RNA to analyse mRNA expression of bone marker proteins, muscle regulatory proteins, TGF-${\beta}$ receptor and their ligands by Northern blot analysis. And cellular proliferative inducibility of both growth factors was also tested to C2C12 cells. Incubating the cell with $5ng/m{\ell}$ of TGF-${\beta}1$ until 4 days almost inhibited multinucleated myotube formation expressing muscular regulatory proteins, and induced decreasing Id proteins. However, no osteoblastic phenotypes was induced by TGF-${\beta}1$ in C2C12 cells. The mRNA expression of TGF-${\beta}$ receptors with TGF-${\beta}1$ was conversed after 48 hours cultured. Type I TGF-${\beta}$ receptor was seemed to play a role in negative signalling for inhibition of myogenic differentiation. OP-1 dose dependently induced ALP activity, osteopontine production and bone sialoprotein production at concentrations above $100ng/m{\ell}$ and osteocalcin production at concentrations above $300ng/m{\ell}$. The concentration of OP-1 required to induce these osteoblastic phenotypes was the same as that required to almost completely inhibit myotube formation. Incubation with above $100ng/m{\ell}$ OP-1 suppressed the expression of mRNA for muscular egulatory proteins from 2 days after incubation. Expression of Id-1, 2, 3 mRNA were stimulated by OP-1 at concentration above $300ng/m{\ell}$. When C2C12 cells were treated with both growth factors, TGF-${\beta}1$ potentiated the inhibitory effect of OP-1 on myotube formation and expression of mRNA for myogenin at 12 days. And TGF-${\beta}1$ reduced osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein production induced by OP-1 at 12 days in C2C12 cells. Both growth factor had no mitogenic effect. These results indicate that OP-1 converts the differentiation pathway of C2C12 myoblasts into that of osteoblastic lineage cells and it's not heritable, but TGF-${\beta}1$ does not and has reversible inhibitory activity on the myogenic differentiation. TGF-${\beta}1$ and OP-1 play a role in myogenic differentiation via different mechanism between them.

• 대기
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2012

An unusual autumn storm developed rapidly in the western part of the East sea on the early morning of 23 October 2006. This storm produced a record-breaking heavy rain and strong wind in the northern and middle part of the Yeong-dong region; 24-h rainfall of 304 mm over Gangneung and wind speed exceeding 63.7 m $s^{-1}$ over Sokcho. In this study, MTSAT-1R (Multi-fuctional Transport Satellite) water vapor and infrared channel imagery are examined to find out some features which are dynamically associated with the development of the storm. These features may be the precursor signals of the rapidly developing storm and can be employed for very short range forecast and nowcasting of severe storm. The satellite features are summarized: 1) MTSAT-1R Water Vapor imagery exhibited that distinct dark region develops over the Yellow sea at about 12 hours before the occurrence of maximum rainfall about 1100 KST on 23 October 2006. After then, it changes gradually into dry intrusion. This dark region in the water vapor image is closely related with the positive anomaly in 500 hPa Potential Vorticity field. 2) In the Infrared imagery, low stratus (brightness temperature: $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$) develops from near Bo-Hai bay and Shanfung peninsula and then dissipates partially on the western coast of Korean peninsula. These features are found at 10~12 hours before the maximum rainfall occurrence, which are associated with the cold and warm advection in the lower troposphere. 3) The IR imagery reveals that two convective cloud cells (brightness temperature below $-50^{\circ}C$) merge each other and after merging it grows up rapidly over the western part of East sea at about 5 hours before the maximum rainfall occurrence. These features remind that there must be the upward flow in the upper troposphere and the low-layer convergence over the same region of East sea. The time of maximum growth of the convective cloud agrees well with the time of the maximum rainfall.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 가까운 장래에 실현될 GNSS(Global Navigation Positioning System) 결합측위의 가용성을 평가하기 위하여, GPS(Global Positioning System), Galileo 및 QZSS(Quasi-Zenith Satellites System)의 직달파(direct signal), 반사파(reflected signal), 회절파(diffracted signal) 식별을 위한 신호 전달 모형을 수립하고 이를 3차원 지리정보시스템과 결합함으로써, 위성 가시도와 측위 오차 요소를 모사 측정하였다. 중고층 빌딩이 밀집한 일본 동경도청 부근의 $1km{\times}1km$ 구역을 40,000개의 $5m{\times}5m$ 격자로 구획하여 실시한 시뮬레이션을 통해, GPS 측위와 GNSS 결합측위에 있어서 가시위성의 개수, 위성 고도, 정밀도 저하율(dilution of position : DOP), 의사거리 다중 경로 오차(pseudorange multipath error : PME)를 비교 평가하였다. GNSS 결합측위에서는 가시위성 및 직달파 위성의 개수가 현격히 증가함을 확인할 수 있었으며, 위성고도의 평균은 GPS 측위에서보다 약간 낮게 나타나지만, 위성들의 기하학적 배치가 양호하게 이루어져 정밀도 저하율이 매우 감소함을 알 수 있다. 고밀도 도시공간에서는 빌딩 등의 전파 반사로 인해 발생하는 의사거리 다중경로 오차를 완화하는 것이 사용자 위치 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 핵심적인 요소이므로, 수신기 안테나의 설계 및 배치, 신호처리 및 공간통계 기법 등을 GNSS 결합측위에 적합하도록 개선하는 것이 필요할 것이다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle which influences economic activities as well as the natural ecosystem. While there have been numerous studies on ET estimation for homogeneous areas using point measurements of meteorological variables, monitoring of spatial ET has not been possible at landscape - or watershed - scales. We propose a site-specific application of the land surface model, which is enabled by spatially interpolated input data at the desired resolution. Gyunggi Province of South Korea was divided into a regular grid of 10 million cells with 30m spacing and hourly temperature, humidity, wind, precipitation and solar irradiance were estimated for each grid cell by spatial interpolation of synoptic weather data. Topoclimatology models were used to accommodate effects of topography in a spatial interpolation procedure, including cold air drainage on nocturnal temperature and solar irradiance on daytime temperature. Satellite remote sensing data were used to classify the vegetation type of each grid cell, and corresponding spatial attributes including soil texture, canopy structure, and phenological features were identified. All data were fed into a standalone version of SiB2(Simple Biosphere Model 2) to simulate latent heat flux at each grid cell. A computer program was written for data management in the cell - based SiB2 operation such as extracting input data for SiB2 from grid matrices and recombining the output data back to the grid format. ET estimates at selected grid cells were validated against the actual measurement of latent heat fluxes by eddy covariance measurement. We applied this system to obtain the spatial ET of the study area on a continuous basis for the 2001-2003 period. The results showed a strong feasibility of using spatial - data driven land surface models for operational monitoring of regional ET.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

위성 및 항공기 부속품 등은 온도 영향에 따라 미션의 가능성 및 안전에 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 또한 무인기를 위해 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 연료전지 분야에서도 효율성 및 안정성을 위해 온도는 필수적으로 확인되어야 한다. 본 논문은 큐리 온도 이상에서 저항이 급격히 변화하는 PTC 서미스터의 특성을 이용하기 위해 $BaTiO_3$와 세라믹 성분을 변화시킨 $SrTiO_3$를 이용하여 스마트 페인트를 제작하였으며, 박리를 방지하기 위하여 코팅제를 제작해 코팅 후 저항 변화를 확인하였다. 또한 코팅 전후 $BaTiO_3$ 와 $SrTiO_3$의 온도 변화에 따른 저항 변화를 측정하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1999

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of paternal sex chromosome on early development of buffalo embryos fertilized and cultured in vitro. Embryos were produced in vitro from abattoir derived buffalo oocytes. The cleaved embryos were cocultured with buffalo oviductal epithelial cells and evaluated on day 7 under the phase contrast microscope to classify development. The embryos which reached the morula/blastocyst stage were fast developing, the embryos which were at 16-32 cell stage were medium developing and the embryos below 16 cell stage were slow developing. The embryos which showed some fragmentation in the blastomeres or degenerated blastomeres, were degenerating. Sex of emberyos (n=159) was determined using PCR for amplification of a male specific BRY. 1 (301 bp) and a buffalo specific satellite DNA (216 bp) fragments. The results thus obtained show that 1) X and Y chromosome bearing sperms fertilize oocytes to give almost equal numbers of cleaved XX and XY embryos, 2) male embryos develop faster than female embryos to reach advanced stage and 3) degeneration of buffalo embryos is not linked with the paternal sex chromosome. We suggest that faster development of males is due to differential processing of X and Y chromosome within the zygote for its activation and / or differential expression of genes on paternal sex chromosome sex chromosome during development of buffalo embryos fertilized and cultured in vitro which may be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.18.1-18.10
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• 2016

Muscle, studied mostly with respect to meat production, represents one of the largest protein reservoirs of the body. As gene expression profiling holds credibility to deal with the increasing demand of food from animal sources, excessive loss due to myopathies and other muscular dystrophies was found detrimental as it aggravates diseases that result in increased morbidity and mortality. Holding key point towards improving the developmental program of muscle in meat producing animals, elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the associated pathways in livestock animals is believed to open up new avenues towards enhancing the lean tissue deposition. To this end, identification of vital candidate genes having no known function in myogenesis, is believed to increase the current understanding of the physiological processes going on in the skeletal muscle tissue. Taking consequences of gene expression changes into account, knowledge of the pathways associated with their activation and as such up-regulation seems critical for the overall muscle homeostasis. Having important implications on livestock production, a thorough understanding of postnatal muscle development seems a timely step to fulfil the growing need of ever increasing populations of the world.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.971-976
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• 2000

The main objective of this paper is to present the rain cell size distribution observed during squall line episodes in the Sudano-Sahelian region. The used data were collected during the EPSAT Program [Etude des Precipitation par SATellite (Satellites Study of Precipitation)] which has been developed since 1958, on an experimental area located near Niamey, Niger (2 10′32"E, 13 28′38"N). The data were obtained with a C-band radar and a network composed of approximately 100 raingages over a 10,000 $\textrm{km}^2$. In this work a culling of the squall line episodes was made for the 1992 rainy season. After radar data calibration using the raingage network a number of PPI (Plan Position Indicator) images were generated. Each image was then treated in order to obtain a series of radar reflectivity (Z) maps. To describe the cell distribution, a contouring program was used to analyze the areas with rain rate greater than or equal to the contour threshold (R$\geq$$\tau$). 24700 contours were generated, where each iso-pleth belongs to a predefined threshold. Computing each cell surface and relating its area to an equi-circle (a circle having the same area as the cell), a statistical analysis was made. The results show that the number of rain cells having a given size is an inverse exponential function of the equivalent radius. The average and median equivalent radii ate 1.4 and 0.69 In respectively. Implications of these results for the precipitation estimation using threshold methods are discussed.