• Title/Summary/Keyword: salts concentration

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Characteristics of the protease from the extreme halophile, Halobacterium sp. (고도 호염성 Halobacterium sp.가 생산하는 protease의 특성)

  • Ahan, Young-Seok;Kim, Chan-Jo;Choi, Seong-Hyun
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 1990
  • The pretense from Halobacterium sp. was purified by ethanol precipitation and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and G-100. The purified enzyme was found to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis It's specific activity was 364units/mg protein and yield was 14% of the total activity of the culture filtrate. The Km value against casein was determined to be $4.2{\times}10^{-4}M$ by Lineweaver-Burk plot The optimal temperature and pH for the enzyme activity were $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 8.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable from 5.0 to 11.0 at relatively wide range of pH but was inactivated at the temperature above $50^{\circ}C$. $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ appeared to react as activators whereas $Fe^{3+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Hg^{2+}\;and\;Cd^{2+}$ as inhibitors. The enzyme activity reduced with increasing the concentration of NaCl : the apparent activity with 2M NaCl was 65% as compared with that without the salt However the enzyme was unstable without salts : the activity was lost when dialyzed against distilled water for 2hr, whereas maintained against 0.1M solution of $CaCl_2$ for 6hr.

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Selected Physicochemical and Consumer Preference Characteristics of Noodles Incorporated with Sweet Pumpkin Powder (단호박 분말을 첨가한 국수의 품질 특성)

  • Park, Ju Hwan;Choi, Ji Eun;Lee, Jun Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.2
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    • pp.291-295
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    • 2015
  • Sweet pumpkin is a squash fruit that contains low total solids but is rich in carotene, pectin, mineral salts, vitamins, and other substances beneficial to health. An attempt was made to develop a value-added food product; sweet pumpkin powders (SPP) were incorporated into a model system of noodles as a healthy food ingredient, and selected physicochemical properties and consumer preferences were determined. Elevated SPP concentration was associated with increased pH, soluble solids, and turbidity; however, moisture absorption decreased (P<0.05). Increasing amounts of SPP significantly reduced both raw and cooked noodle brightness (L*); however, yellowness (b*) appeared to increase. In addition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity increased significantly (P<0.05). The consumer acceptance test indicated that incorporation of 10% SPP to the formulation is recommended to take advantage of the health benefits of SPP without major sacrificing the quality acceptance of consumers.

The Soil pH in Relation to the Ratio of Soil and Solution (침출액량(浸出液量)을 달리할 경우(境遇)에 있어서의 토양(土壤)의 pH.)

  • Oh, W.K.;Park, Y.S.;We, J.W.
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.27-30
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    • 1969
  • The present notes summarize the results obtained from the effect of soil-solution ratio on pH values of soils having widely different physico-chemical characteristics. The pH was determined in deionized water N-KCl and 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ solution The results obtained are: 1. With deionized water, the pH values increase with the increase in soil-solution ratio. The increase is more in upland soils than in paddy soils. 2. With N-KCl solution, there is also an increase in pH values with the increase in soil-solution ratio but the increase is less than the corresponding increase with deionized water. 3. With 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ solution, there is practically no change in pH values with the increase in soil-solution ratio except for saline soils. 4. In case of saline soils, the pH increase even in case of 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ solution with increase in soil-solution ratio, the reason for increase may be due to decrease of electric potential by high concentration of salts.

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Adsorption Characteristics of CO2 on Activated Carbons Treated with Alkali-metal Salts (알칼리금속염으로 처리된 활성탄에 대한 CO2의 흡착특성)

  • Ryu, Dong Kwan;Kim, Sung Hyun
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.286-293
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    • 1998
  • Two methods were used to enhance the adsorption capacity of activated carbons. One is to impregnate activated carbons with chemical compounds which have a good affinity for $CO_2$. The other is to activate by heat-treating after impregnation with KOH on activated carbons(AC). The chemical compounds impregnated on AC were alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metal chlorides. The adsorption capacity of $CO_2$ on AC impregnated with these metals was less than that of pure AC. These compounds have not the chemical affinity for $CO_2$ and obstruct the micropore of AC. The experiment of breakthrough for $CO_2$ on AC impregnated with KOH showed the increase of the adsorbed amount of $CO_2$ in influent gases containing water vapor. This means that KOH adsorbes $CO_2$ gas. However, the adsorbents impregnated with KOH had not the reproducibility because of the production of $K_2CO_3$ by the reaction of KOH with $CO_2$. The amount of $CO_2$ adsorbed on the heat-treated AC at $800^{\circ}C$ increased with the amount of impregnation. The adsorption capacity of $CO_2$ was the largest when the ratio of weight of KOH to AC equal to 4. The isosteric heat of adsorption was calculated by the equation of Clausius-Clapeyron form adsorption capacity data of $CO_2$ for the temperature change. In addition, the characteristics of $CO_2$ breakthrough curve were surveyed for the change of flow rate and concentration.

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Studies on the Hydrolysis of Inulin in Jerusalem Artichokes by Fungal Inulase (미생물(微生物) Inulase에 의(依)한 돼지감자 중의 Inulin분해(分解)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Ki-Choul
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.177-182
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    • 1975
  • The analysis of Jerusalem artichoke showed that it contains 12.09% of Inulin. The results obtained from the examination of the conditions for fructose production by cultivating Pencillum sp 1 in the Jerusalem articoke medium were as follows: 1. The optimum amount of water added to Jerusalem artichoke was 2.5 $\ell$ of distilled water per ㎏ of fresh Jerusalem artichoke. It this case, the concentration of Inulin was 4% (w/v). 2. The optimum temperature was $30^{\circ}C$, the initial optimum pH was 5.0 and the optimum cultural period was 72 hours. 3. Shaking culture with 50 ml of the medium and 120 oscills/min in 500 ml shaking flask was most effective as the culture method. 4. 0.1% of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ as a nitrogen source, 0.001 of $FeSO_47H_20$ and 0.001% of $MgSO_47H_2$ as metal salts were most effective. 5. Fructose production continued to increase for 72 hours under the optimum conditions for cultivation and the highest production rate to the Inulin was 95.25%.

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In Vitro Selection for Salty Tolerance of Populus nigra ${\times}$ P. maximowiczii (포푸라 내염성(耐塩性) 개체(個體)의 기내선발(器內選拔))

  • Park, Young Goo;Son, Sung Ho;Park, Su Jeong
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.6
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    • pp.75-85
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    • 1988
  • The concentration of 50 mM Nacl inhibited the shoot growth of P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii in viro culture. The punctured leaves have produced so many individuals on MS basal medium with cytokinin. Especially MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l showed the best shoot performance in which the average number of shoots were 127.6. For selection of NaCl tolerance shoot of poplar, punctured leaves were inoculated on MS basal medium with BAP 0.8mg/l and various concentrations of NaCl(from 10 mM to 100 mM graded by 10 mM). On the medium with over 50mM of NaCl, 13.7 to 15.7 shoots were obtained. Especially on the medium with go mM and 100mM. 10.7 and 8.3 shoots, respectively. The shoots derived from control medium (non-NaCl) were depressed growth, while the selected shoots from MS with NaCl showed good growth performance on MS basal medium with 50 mM of NaCl. From this results, we suggested that the possibility of in vitro selection to tolerance for inorganic salts in forest tree species.

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Studies on the Production of Enzymes by Thermophilic Actinomycetes (PART II) Some Properties of $\alpha$-Amylase from Thermophilic Actinomycetes (고온성 방선균에 의한 순소생산에 관한 연구 (제2보) $\alpha$-Amylase의 효소학적 성질)

  • Yang, Han-Chul;Park, Yong-Jin;Cho, Hong-Yeon
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 1976
  • During the course of studies on the production and utilization of thermostable ${\alpha}$-amylase from a thormophilic actinomycete species isolated from soil, partial characterization of the ${\alpha}$-amylase has been (arried out. The optimum pH for the dextrinogenic activity of the enzyme was found to be 6.5 and the maximum reaction rate was achieved at a temperature range of 55$^{\circ}$ to 65$^{\circ}C$. Calcium ion was recognized to have a slight effect in activating the enzyme, while heavy metal salts especially ferrous and cupric ions showed a remarkable inhibition effect. The enzyme was best protected iron thermal denaturation at pH 8.0 with tris-HCI buffer;inactivation was rapid at higher or lower pH values. Furthermore, its thermal stability was greatly increased by calcium ion, particulary at the final concentration of 1${\times}$10$\^$-2/ mole in the reaction mixture. The Km value for the ${\alpha}$-amylase was calculated to be 2.17${\times}$10$\^$-4/g per $m\ell$ and the energy of activation for the dextrinogenic reaction to be 12,000${\pm}$580 ㎈ per mole.

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Composting of Food Waste by Non-Stirrer Sealed Fermenter and Change of NaCl content in Soil during the Pepper Cultivation (무교반 밀폐형 발효조를 이용한 음식물류폐기물 퇴비화 및 작물재배 중 염분의 함량 변화)

  • Hong, Sung Gil;Chang, Ki Woon;Kwon, Hyuk Young
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.82-88
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to investigate on the change of NaCl content during the food waste composting and on the safety of food waste compost(FWC) manufactured by the non-stirrer sealed fermenter. Plant culture test with pepper crop was also performed to see the effect of FWC, which was produced by the G co. ltd., on the growth of peper and migration of NaCl in soil. The culture test was performed at the farmland in Chungnam National University. The results were as follows; the NaCl content was gradually accumulated during food waste composting process, probably through water evaporation. Sodium concentration was, however, remarkably decreased at the final stage due to the desalting effect by water which was concentrated on the ceil of the fermentor. The analysis of chemical properties and humidity parameters on the food waste compost revealed that the product is quite a good qualified one. More than 0.5 tons of FWC application on red pepper cultivation caused diminished effect on the yield and the accumulation of salts on soil.

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Halotolerant Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Mediated Salinity Stress Amelioration in Plants

  • Shin, Wansik;Siddikee, Md. Ashaduzzaman;Joe, Manoharan Melvin;Benson, Abitha;Kim, Kiyoon;Selvakumar, Gopal;Kang, Yeongyeong;Jeon, Seonyoung;Samaddar, Sandipan;Chatterjee, Poulami;Walitang, Denver;Chanratana, Mak;Sa, Tongmin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.355-367
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    • 2016
  • Soil salinization refers to the buildup of salts in soil to a level toxic to plants. The major factors that contribute to soil salinity are the quality, the amount and the type of irrigation water used. The presented review discusses the different sources and causes of soil salinity. The effect of soil salinity on biological processes of plants is also discussed in detail. This is followed by a debate on the influence of salt on the nutrient uptake and growth of plants. Salinity decreases the soil osmotic potential and hinders water uptake by the plants. Soil salinity affects the plants K uptake, which plays a critical role in plant metabolism due to the high concentration of soluble sodium ($Na^+$) ions. Visual symptoms that appear in the plants as a result of salinity include stunted plant growth, marginal leaf necrosis and fruit distortions. Different strategies to ameliorate salt stress globally include breeding of salt tolerant cultivars, irrigation to leach excessive salt to improve soil physical and chemical properties. As part of an ecofriendly means to alleviate salt stress and an increasing considerable attention on this area, the review then focuses on the different plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) mediated mechanisms with a special emphasis on ACC deaminase producing bacteria. The various strategies adopted by PGPB to alleviate various stresses in plants include the production of different osmolytes, stress related phytohormones and production of molecules related to stress signaling such as bacterial 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) derivatives. The use of PGPB with ACC deaminase producing trait could be effective in promoting plant growth in agricultural areas affected by different stresses including salt stress. Finally, the review ends with a discussion on the various PGPB activities and the potentiality of facultative halophilic/halotolerant PGPB in alleviating salt stress.

Synthesis and Properties of Uranium Compounds (I). Salts of Bis(undecatungstophosphato)uranate(Ⅳ) Anion, $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$ (우라늄 화합물의 합성과 성질에 관한 연구 (제1보). 비스(운데카텅스토포스파토)우라늄(IV) 산 이온, $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$의 염)

  • Chul Wee Lee;Hyunsoo So
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 1982
  • A guanidinium salt of $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$, the solubility of which is adequate for crystal growing, has been synthesized. Using this salt or potassium salt, we have measured the stability of $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10-}$as a function of pH of the solution and found that the anion is stable for the pH range 3~7. We have developed a colorimetric method for determining the concentration of $U^{4+}$. In this method$PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ is added to$U^{4+}$ in such a quantity that the mole ratio $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}/ U^{4+}$exceeds 2 and the intensity of the 22.7kK band (${\varepsilon}$1030 M-1cm-1) is measured. In order to develop a continuous method to recover uranium, we have determined the amount of recoverd$PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ after decomposing $[U(PW_{11}O_{39})_2]^{10}$- by adding either a base or an oxidizing agent. The percentage of $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$recovered was approximately 70% when a base was used and approximately 80% when$K_2S_2O_8$ was used. A colorimetric method for determining $PW_{11}O_{39}^{7-}$ has also been developed.

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