• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

In this paper, salt damage resistance of high durable concrete was tested. High durable concrete was made by using low water cement ratio, chemical admixture called super-durable admixture and mineral admixtures such as fly-ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fume. Two kinds of salt damage resistance test were carried out. One method is chloride ion penetration test(ASTM C1202), and the other one is depth of chloride penetration test in saline solution. Test results were as followers: 1) The depth of chloride ion penetration increased exponentially as water cement ratio was increased and time passed. 2) Super-durable admixture had little effect on the improvement of salt damage resistance of concrete. 3) Silica fume and ground granulated blast-furnace slag were effective on salt damage resistance because of pozzolanic reaction, but fly-ash had a little effect.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.483-487
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• 1988

김치의 제조과정을 절임과 숙성 과정으로 구분하여 각과정중 배추조직 내의 소금 침투속도, 점도 및 텍스쳐등 물리적 품질의 변화를 측정하였다. 배추의 절임은 일정한 크기로 절단한 배추를 $4-35^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 5-15%의 소금물에 침지시켰으며 김치의 발효는 절인 배추를 $4-35^{\circ}C$에서 발효시켰다. 절임시의 배추 내부에의 소금침투 속도는 절임 초기에 빠른 침투가 있다가 완만하여지는 현상으로서 온도와 소금농도가 높아질수록 소금의 침투 속도도 증가하였다. 그러나 침투속도의 증가율은 온도나 소금농도가 증가하면서 각각의 영향이 줄어들었다. 비교 점도로 표시한 점도는 절임시의 소금 용액에는 별 변화가 없었으나 발효 과정중 생성된 김치액은 약간씩 지속적으로 증가함을 보여 주었다. 한편 배추줄기 부분의 텍스쳐는 절임 초기에 현저히 감소하였다가 완만한 감소를 보여주었으며, 발효과정에 의하여는 발효 중반기까지 감소하는 경향이었다가 김치가 pH 4.2 이하로 시어지면서 견고성이 다시 증가하였다. 또한 힘-시간의 곡선에서 절임배추는 두개의 항복응력을 보였으나 김치의 pH가 낮아지면서 두번째의 항복응력이 없어지는 현상을 보여 김치 조직의 특이성을 보여 주었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.475-478
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• 2005

Deicing salt has been generally used for traffic safety in winter, and the amount is increasing every year. However, deicing salt may induce the decrease of bond strength, surface scaling, and environmental pollution, etc. the purpose of this paper is to suggest the fundamental data on safety and durability for concrete structures through the estimation of chloride concentration profile and chloride diffusion coefficient. According to the test results, the critical chloride concentration($0.9\~1.2kg/m^3$)was measured at depth $23\~30mm$, and the limit chloride concentration($0.3kg/m^3$)was reached to depth 40mm. Also the surface chloride amount indicates 3.45kg per concrete unit weight, and the results showed the possibility of corrosion by deicing salt penetration.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.207-208
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• 2010

The building that supply tidal and splash zone was constructed near Seamangeum Gate Bridge. The specimens that will be tested for maintenance of gate bridge were exposed on the tidal and splash zone, totally about 650. The characteristics of strength, salt penetration profile, field application of surface repair material and section recover material will be acquired by periodical test. The program was developed to obtain optimal maintenance strategy of gate bridge as a marine concrete structure and to deposit experimental data, lab. test result, field test result, on its D/B. On this paper, the comparison of concrete and recover material in the salt penetration characteristics was expressed. The quantitative analysis of salt contents in concrete surface was most important so the improvement for the machine of gathering power of concrete and the apparatus of measuring chloride contents was proceeded at this time. The two conclusions were summarized like as - The resistance of chloride attack of concrete was appeared 2.5 times bigger than that of recover material - The resistance of chloride attack of polymer series was appeared more higher than that of others.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.329-331
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• 2013

The salt damage resistance of waterproofing membrane was evaluated on the cracked mortar substrate. The types of specimens are urethane, acrylic waterproofing membrane, and no coating mortar substrate. After these specimens were cured by water curing for 4 weeks, they were cured by atmospheric curing at 20±2Co for 8 weeks. The salt water immersion test was carried out by following KS F 2737, and the penetration depth of chloride ion into substrate was measured in 1, 4, 8, and 13 weeks. As a result, in the case of non coating specimen, the chloride ion penetrated within one week. In the coated specimens, a regardless of the membrane type, the chloride ion did not penetrate during 13 weeks-tests on condition that the cracked width of substrate is less than 0.3mm. Also, the penetration speeds of the coated specimens were lower than that of non coating specimen. Therefore, our results reached a conclusion that waterproofing membrane has high salt damage resistance.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.549-552
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• 2006

Deicing salt has been generally used for prevention of a road freezing in winter, and the amount is increasing every year. However, deicing salt may induce the decrease of bond strength, surface scaling, and environmental pollution, etc. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the fundamental data on safety and durability for concrete structures through the estimation of characteristics of chloride penetration with deicer types. According to the test results, as age of concrete is increased, chloride penetration depth is also increased independent of deicer types. However, there is no remarkable difference between deicer types. And when the estimation of chloride diffusion is carried out by immersion test, diffusion coefficient is decreased with ages, and short-term estimation may overestimate the coefficient.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.256-256
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• 2004

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of preservation of ovaries and oocytes with and without cumulus cells and incubation time on zona penetration by canine spermatozoa. The objective of this study was to produce in vitro fertilized oocytes and solute canine sterile. (omitted)

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1196-1201
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• 1997

저염 멸치젓 생산 공정 개발을 위한 기초 실험으로서 brining 과정 증 멸치육의 이화학적 변화를 측정하였다. 10%, 15%, 20% 염용액 및 포화식염수를 사용하여 $15^{\circ}C$ 온도 조건에서 brining 하였을 때 초기의 염침투 특성은 first order kinetics에 적용할 수 있었으며 이때의 rate constant는 각각 0.018, 0.030, 0.039, 0.051를 나타내 염용액의 염농도가 증가할수록 초기의 염침투 속도는 급격히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 염지기간 중 멸치육 단백질의 분해는 염용액의 염도가 낮을수록 빠르게 진행되었으며 포화식염수를 사용하여 brining 하였을 때는 단백질 분해가 매우 더디게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. Brining 중 멸치육의 수분함량의 변화를 측정하였을 때 10% 식염수를 사용하였을 경우 74%의 수분함량을 가지고 있었으며 20% 식염수일 경우 65%의 수분함량을, 포화식염수를 사용하였을 경우 58%의 수분함량을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나 염용액의 염도가 증가할수록 탈수되는 수분의 양이 증가하여 낮은 수분함량을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. Brining 중 멸치육의 무게변화를 측정하였을 때 10% 식염수를 사용하였을 경우 멸치육의 무게는 완만히 증가하여 72시간 후에 10% 정도 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며 20% 염용액 및 포화식염수를 사용하였을 경우 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 포화식염수를 사용하여 $15^{\circ}C$에서 brining 시 고형분의 용출량을 측정하였을 때 초기에는 급격히 고형분이 용출되어 36시간 이후에 평형에 도달하였는데 이때의 감량 수준은 원료 멸치육의 무게의 30%감량수준이었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2002

Repair were made for front pillar, center pillar and side-step panel for lightweight vehicles with head-on and 40% off-set collision of 15 km/h in a RCAR standard. The salt dilution was sprayed and the compression tests were performed for vehicles with and without anti-corrosional treatment after repair. After 764 hours of salt-dilt sprayed test without using anti-corrosion, the mean penetration depth fur corrosion was shown to be 58% of the thickness. The resulyed decrease in bending stiffness by 10∼20% can cause reduction of the residual life and crash-absorption capability for damaged vehicles. The corrosoin safety tests showed that the anti-corrosional treatment should be made to improve the safety characteristics for a or damaged car.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2009년도 춘계 학술대회 제21권1호
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• pp.417-418
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• 2009

해안 및 매립지 구조물은 염화물의 침투로 인해 매입된 철근의 피막파괴로 철근부식이 일어나 콘크리트 구조체에 열화가 급속하게 진행되기 때문에 앞으로의 해안 구조물의 수밀성, 내염해성을 필요로 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 내염해성 개선에 효과적인 액상형태의 Si/Al 복합 무기염을 모르타르에 적용하여 시간경과(7, 14, 28, 56일)에 따른 내염해특성을 파악하고자 하였다.