• 한국어병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2007

2005년 11월과 12월에 걸쳐 연어 수정란 (ChS-E0511, 강원 양양), 무지개송어 수정란 (RaT-E0511, 경남 밀양), 무지개 송어 성어 (Rat-A0512, 강원 평창) 및 산천어 자어 (MaS-F0512, 강원 평창)에서 물곰팡이를 분리하였다. 분리 곰팡이의 분류 결과, 형태학적 및 유전학적 연구를 통하여 4종 모두 Saprolegnia parasitica로 확인되었으며, 연어 수정란으로부터 분리된 ChS-E0511 균주는 조란기 (oogonia)와 무성아 (gemmae)를 형성하므로 S. parasitica group 1으로 분류되었다. 분리균주인 ChS-E0511을 이용하여 다양한 약물의 성장 억제 효과를 측정한 결과, 사용금지 약물인 malchite green에 대한 약물 효과가 높게 나타났으며, 손바닥선인장 (Opuntia ficus-indica) 추출물 (MBT-01108), 2-bronopol (BNP) 및 sodium chloride 등에 대한 무지개송어 수정란의 상대발안율이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과, 국내 연어과 어류의 질병과 관련한 곰팡이는 S. parasitica로서 2가지 이상의 group으로 구분되며 다양한 약물들에 대한 평가가 지속적으로 이루어 져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.212-219
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• 1991

Four species of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Saccharomycopsis flbuligera, and Schwanniomyces castellii were evaluated for their ability to bioconvert potato processing waste water into microbial protein and the resulting single-cell proteins were evaluated as protein sources for rainbow trout, using in vitro analyses. The studies indicated that Schwanniomyces castellii, which utilizes starch dircetly and converts it into cell mass efficiently, was suitable for the bioconversion. In the single-stage continuous bioconversion, the yield S. castellii cell mass, which contained approximately 37% protein, was 77%, at dilution rate 0.25 $h^{-1}$. Reduction of total carbohydrate was 81%. During batch fermentations, cell mass yield was about 72% and total carbohydrate reduction was 81%. Among the yeasts tested, S. castellii possessed the most fragile cell wall and had a favorable amino acid profile for salmonid fish; protein score of 86% (Met). In an in vitro pepsin digestibility test 80% digestibility (23~38% above control) was observed when cells were pre-heated in a steam bath for 30 min. Results presented should be regarded as being preliminary in nature because they were derived from single experiments.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

무지개 송어 발안란의 이동 이력과 IHNV G gene 염기서열의 계통학적 분석에 의해 IHNV의 국내 이동에 대해서 처음으로 조사되었다. IHNV RtWanju09 분리주는 IHNV RtPy91과 RtJe00의 JRt Shizuoka lineage에 속하는 것으로 나타났으며, 강원도에서 분리된 IHNV RtPy91과 RtWanju09 사이의 G gene의 유전적 차이는 1.77%였고, 약 20년간 우리나라의 JRt Shizuoka lineage에 속하는 한국 분리주들은 최대 3.03%의 유전적 차이를 나타내 계속적으로 바이러스가 진화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전라북도 지역에서 분리된 IHNV RtWanju09 분리주는 IHNV가 오염된 강원도 지역산 발안란이 전라북도에 전파되었을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 1996

본 연구는 우리나라의 대표적인 연어과 어류인 은연어, 무지개송어 및 그 잡종3배체의 부화자어에 있어서의 동위효소를 분석하여 부화후 초기의 유전적 특징과 유전현상을 규명하고 이를 토대로 이들 종 및 잡종의 식별을 위한 genetic marker를 찾아보고자 5개의 동위효소에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 이들 중 PGI에서는 종간 차이를 나타내지 않은 반면에 LDH, MDH, IDH 및 PGM 등은 은연어와 무지개송어간에 종 특이적 pattern을 나타내었는데 이는 이들 어종간의 발생 초기에 종의 식별을 위한 유전적 marker로써 유용한 것으로 판단되며, 또한 잡종 및 잡종3배체의 genetic marker로서도 상기 네 가지의 동위효소는 유용한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

Mitochondrial DNAs has been used frequently as genetic markers for the population genetic studies of salmonid fishes. Samples used in this experiment were chum salmons (Oncorhynchus keta) from Korea. We analyzed variation of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene (ND3) among 4 individuals of the Korea population. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver of the chum salmon samples. Then, the ND3 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including the 3' region of cytochrome oxidase III gene (COIII) and the 5` region of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L gene (ND4L). The size of the PCR product was 752 Up and the sequences showed some genetic variation among those four individuals. Genetic variations were observed in 7 sites as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Within the open reading frame of the ND3 gene which encodes 116 amino acids, 5 nucleotide substitutions were found. Both transitional and transversional changes occurred more frequently with transitional changes. Comparison of these sequences with the others of a Japanese chum salmon in GenBank showed 5 sites of SNPs. This study provided the basic information of SNP in ND3 gene among Korean chum salmons and demonstrated the possible use of the SNP data as a genetic marker.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2015

This study compared the food quality of salmonid fishes according to the species, country of origin, and separated part, such as fillet and frame. The proximate composition of chum salmon from Norway (CS-N) was 74.4% moisture, 19.5% crude protein, 4.2% crude lipid, and 1.2% ash. These values were within roughly 1% for the other salmon species. There was no significant difference (at P<0.05) in the Hunter a value of salmon muscle according to sepatated parts. However, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in Hunter a value of salmon muscle according to the species and country of origin. There were significant differences in odor intensity and hardness of the salmon according to the species. The major free amino acid in all of the salmon muscles was anserine, which ranged from 61.3 to 73.0%. The taste value was the highest for salmon imported from Alaska (CS-A), followed by pink salmon, CS-N, and muscle separated from the frame (AS-C). In the taste value of all salmon muscles, the major amino acid was glutamic acid. The total amino acid content of salmon muscles ranged from 18.36 to 19.64 g/100 g, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid. There were differences in the mineral contents, including Ca, P, K, and Fe, and fatty acid composition of salmon muscle according to species.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.83-88
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• 1994

연어, 산천어, 무지개송어 등 우리나라의 연어과 어류에 있어서 종의 식별 및 3배체 어류의 판정에 동위효소를 genetic marker로 활용할 수 있는지의 가능성을 타진하고자 LDH, MDH, IDH, a-GPDH, ME, 6-PGD, PGI 및 PGM 등 8개 동위효소에 대하여 골격근 조직을 중심으로 분석을 실시하였다. 이중 골격근 조직의 MDH-B와 IDH loci에서 종간에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내었으며 특히 MDH-B loci의 b 유전자의 출현빈도는 연어나 산천어에서는 거의 나타나지 않았으나 무지개송어에서는 매우 높게 나타났다. 또한 IDH도 무지개송어와 산천어간의 genetic marker로 유용할 것으로 보인다. 한편, PGI는 3배체 어류 생산시 친어를 상호 대립유전자(allele)의 동형접합(homozygote)인 개체를 사용할 경우 이의 효율적인 판정을 위한 새로운 marker로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며 다른 loci에서는 별다른 차이를 발견할 수가 없었다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2022

Disease including parasite, bacteria and virus cause serious mortality to salmonid fish in the aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the current disease status of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Yanayang, Pyeongchang, Jeongseon and Yeongwol of Gangwon province in 2021 and performed molecular characterization of those pathogen. For parasites, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was observed at 2 farms. For bacteria, we identified Aeromonas sobria from kidney of rainbow trout using phylogenetic analysis of gyrB gene. A. salmonicida were isolated from necrosis site of gill cover and fin in coho salmon and necrotic lesion of fin in rainbow trout. Phylogenetic analysis using vap gene indicated that A. salmonicida isolated in this study were clustered with previously reported A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. For virus, JRt-Nagano type of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus was detected in rainbow trout, but infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and Oncorhynchus masou virus were not detected. These results provide useful information for the prevention of disease spread and transmission when cultivating new species such as Atlantic salmon in Korea.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2022

Single-cycle viruses generated by reverse genetic technology are replication-incompetent viruses due to the elimination of gene(s) essential for viral replication, which provides a way to overcome the safety problem in attenuated viruses. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a major pathogen causing severe damage in cultured salmonid species. In the present study, we generated a single-cycle IHNV lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain in the G gene (rIHNV-GΔTM) and evaluated the prophylactic potential of rIHNV-GΔTM in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). To produce rIHNV-GΔTM, IHNV G protein-expressing Epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells were established. However, as the efficiency of rIHNV-GΔTM production in EPC cell clones was not high, fish were immunized with a low-tittered single-cycle virus (1.5 × 10² PFU/fish). Despite the low dose, the single-cycle IHNV induced significant protection in rainbow trout against IHNV infection, suggesting high immunogenicity of rIHNV-GΔTM. No significant difference in serum ELISA titers against IHNV between the rIHNV-GΔTM immunized group and the control group suggests that the immunized dose of rIHNV-GΔTM might be too low to induce significant humoral adaptive immune responses in rainbow trout. The involvement of adaptive cellular immunity or innate immunity in the present significantly higher protection by the immunization with rIHNV-GΔTM should be further investigated to know the protection mechanism.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2023

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) is a species of anadromous salmonid inhabiting coastal rivers in the North Pacific and the Arctic in the Bering and is the most widely distributed among Pacific salmon species. It is an important fish species in Korea as the salmon releasing project is being actively carried out. This study was conducted to investigate changes in the physiological activity of O. keta according to water temperature. Three experiments were conducted according to the water temperature and period, and the plasma concentrations of cortisol and glucose were analyzed from the blood samples of the experimental groups. Experiment I is a short-term water temperature experiment, in which water temperature stimulation was given for 4 hours at water temperatures of 12℃, 16℃ (control), 20℃, and 24℃, and a recovery period was given for 4 hours. Experiment II is an experiment in which water temperature stimulation was given for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours at a high temperature of 24℃, and a recovery period was given for 12 hours, respectively. Experiment III is a long-term water temperature experiment, in which the water temperature was 12℃, 16℃ (control), 20℃, and 24℃ for 8 weeks. As a result of the experiment, in Experiment I, there was no significant difference in the survival rate between the experimental groups, but the concentration of cortisol and glucose in the plasma according to the set water temperature showed a significant difference. In Experiment II, there was no significant trend according to the maintenance time of the high-temperature state, but as the temperature increased, the plasma cortisol and glucose levels significantly increased compared to the control group. In Experiment III, all of the experimental group C (24℃) died in the 1st week, and there was no significant difference in the plasma glucose at the 1st and 8th weeks among the remaining experimental groups.