• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.197-218
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• 2019

In addition to economic growth and national income increase, China is also experiencing rapid growth in consumption of cosmetics. About 67% of the total trade volume of Chinese cosmetics is made by e-commerce and especially K-Beauty products, which are Korean cosmetics are very popular. According to previous studies, 80% of consumer goods such as cosmetics are affected by the word of mouth information, searching the product information before purchase. Mostly, consumers acquire information related to cosmetics through comments made by other consumers on SNS such as SINA Weibo and Wechat, and recently they also use information about beauty related video channels. Most of the previous online word-of-mouth researches were mainly focused on media itself such as Facebook, Twitter, and blogs. However, the informational characteristics and the expression forms are also diverse. Typical types are text, picture, and video. This study focused on these types. We analyze the unstructured data of SINA Weibo, the SNS representative platform of China, and Meipai, the video platform, and analyze the impact of K-Beauty brand sales by dividing online word-of-mouth information with quantity and direction information. We analyzed about 330,000 data from Meipai, and 110,000 data from SINA Weibo and analyzed the basic properties of cosmetics. As a result of analysis, the amount of online word-of-mouth information has a positive effect on the sales of cosmetics irrespective of the type of media. However, the online videos showed higher impacts than the pictures and texts. Therefore, it is more effective for companies to carry out advertising and promotional activities in parallel with the existing SNS as well as video related information. It is understood that it is important to generate the frequency of exposure irrespective of media type. The positiveness of the video media was significant but the positiveness of the picture and text media was not significant. Due to the nature of information types, the amount of information in video media is more than that in text-oriented media, and video-related channels are emerging all over the world. In particular, China has made a number of video platforms in recent years and has enjoyed popularity among teenagers and thirties. As a result, existing SNS users are being dispersed to video media. We also analyzed the effect of online type of information on the online cosmetics sales by dividing the product type of cosmetics into basic cosmetics and color cosmetics. As a result, basic cosmetics had a positive effect on the sales according to the number of online videos and it was affected by the negative information of the videos. In the case of basic cosmetics, effects or characteristics do not appear immediately like color cosmetics, so information such as changes after use is often transmitted over a period of time. Therefore, it is important for companies to move more quickly to issues generated from video media. Color cosmetics are largely influenced by negative oral statements and sensitive to picture and text-oriented media. Information such as picture and text has the advantage and disadvantage that the process of making it can be made easier than video. Therefore, complaints and opinions are generally expressed in SNS quickly and immediately. Finally, we analyzed how product diversity affects sales according to online word of mouth information type. As a result of the analysis, it can be confirmed that when a variety of products are introduced in a video channel, they have a positive effect on online cosmetics sales. The significance of this study in the theoretical aspect is that, as in the previous studies, online sales have basically proved that K-Beauty cosmetics are also influenced by word-of-mouth. However this study focused on media types and both media have a positive impact on sales, as in previous studies, but it has been proven that video is more informative and influencing than text, depending on media abundance. In addition, according to the existing research on information direction, it is said that the negative influence has more influence, but in the basic study, the correlation is not significant, but the effect of negation in the case of color cosmetics is large. In the case of temporal fashion products such as color cosmetics, fast oral effect is influenced. In practical terms, it is expected that it will be helpful to use advertising strategies on the sales and advertising strategy of K-Beauty cosmetics in China by distinguishing basic and color cosmetics. In addition, it can be said that it recognized the importance of a video advertising strategy such as YouTube and one-person media. The results of this study can be used as basic data for analyzing the big data in understanding the Chinese cosmetics market and establishing appropriate strategies and marketing utilization of related companies.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2013

This study surveyed MP3 player usage and evaluated its effect on hearing thresholds in high school students. It is reported an increase in risk factors for hearing loss in adolescents that paralleled the increase in sales of MP3 players. A total of 538 students in two high schools in Gwangju province participated in this study. The students completed questionnaires about their MP3 player use and their pure tone hearing thresholds were tested at several frequencies. The questionnaire results indicated that 61.1%, of the students listened to music on MP3 players for more than one hour per day, 71.6% listened for four or more days per week, and 36.7% had listened for more than 3 years. Listening at a high volume of 60% of the maximum level was reported by 51% and they recognized having ear pains. The pure tone hearing threshold was found to be raised for the adolescents who had a long history of MP3 listening at high volume (p< 0.0001).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.606-617
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to develop a decision model that helps manufacturers and retailers determine the optimal timing of markdown in order to maximize their profit. An optimal timing decision model was developed based on three steps; conjoint measurement, scenario analysis and simulation. Data were collected from the sample of 149 out of 170 undergraduate and graduate students in Seoul in 1997. From the Jeans market, 8 brands; Levi's, lee, Guess, Calvin Klein, Pintos, Get used, MFG, and Basic, were selected as competitors for this study. In the conjoint measurement, respondents estimated the level of preference, from 1 to 100, for each item in which brand, price, style, and colors were used to explain product characteristics. Then, in order to reflect competitive situation in Jeans market, four types of scenarios were developed. In each scenario, simulations were applied to decide optimal timing of markdowns that leads to maximal profitability and sales volume. The profit was calculated based on the equation; Profit = Jean's market volume x market share of each brand - cost, where market volume was obtained by integral calculus for market utility function, and market share by logit value of part-worth from the conjoint analysis. For the purpose of the parsimony of the research, costs and the level of markdown were fixed to 30% of the regular price. In results, the optimal timing decision model identified 3 different types of brands. The brands that do not need to take markdown were Ievi's, MFG, and Basic Jeans characterized by the highest brand power and the highest price zone. The brands that needed to take early markdowns were Guess, Lee, Calvin Klein, and Get Used with the intermediate level of brand power and price. The brand that need late markdown was Pintos with the weakest brand power among the competitors and the lowest price. The optimal range of markdown remains for further research.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2021

The problem of determining the maintenance point which minimizes the process-related total cost is called the 'process mean shift problem'. By expanding and integrating the existing maintenance models that have been partially progressed, we present a expanded and integrated maintenance model which reflects the production site where various situations occur. To implement this, we set both the upper and lower limits of the product specification, and adopted the quality loss function for conforming items. Also, we set the process variance of the wear level as a function rather than a constant. In this study, we developed two general functions to the wear level. One is about the production volume and the other is maintenance cost. As a result, this study is expected to be a maintenance model that can be applied to various processes. In the future, this study can be developed as a profit maximization model by adding profit items from product sales, and expansion to a maintenance model that introduces failure to the model of this study can be considered.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-42
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• 2004

This paper addresses the operation, problems, and development policy of Gwangyang Port, Korea. This paper aims to analyze the operation condition and problems of Gwangyang Port and suggest long-term policies for developing Gwangyang Port as a logistic hub in northeast period. It is made up of three main sections: the operation, problems, and forecast of freight volumes; analysis of operational results of Gwangyang Port; development strategies of Gwangyang Port as a Logistics Hub. This paper was mainly based on a review of current papers/reports, an analysis of secondary data, and questionnaire survey. The major development strategies identified consisted of expansion regular service sea-route, formation of inter-modal transportation system, strengthening of port sales for Gwangyang port's recognition, securing operation-profits by fixed cargo volume, and promotion of free tread zone.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.206-218
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• 2009

The study assessed the relationship between brand evidence (e.g., brand name, price/value for money, servicescape, core service, employee service and self-image congruence) and positive/negative emotion and brand satisfaction, and between positive/negative emotion and brand satisfaction in the family restaurant setting. Also, the relationship of positive/negative emotion and brand satisfaction with customer loyalty were assessed. Customers who used five brands of family restaurant in Daegu and Pusan during October of 2008 were surveyed by questionnaires. Brand evidence was positively related to positive emotion and brand satisfaction, and was negatively related to negative emotion. Positive emotion was positively related to brand satisfaction and negative emotion was negatively related to brand satisfaction. Brand satisfaction was positively relatively to customer loyalty. The results indicate that management of family restaurants should focus on brand evidence as a means of increasing profits and sales volume.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.754-763
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine: 1) the differences in the automation level by company characteristics(i.e., product category, product type, firm size); 2) the effects of company context(i.e., environmental uncertainty, task uncertainty) on the automation level; and 3) the effect of the automation level on manufacturing performance(i.e., quality, flexibility, time, cost). Data were collected from a mail survey. Four hundred eighty two questionaries were mailed to apparel manufacturers nationwide, and 60 responses were analyzed. The results revealed that: 1) mens and womens wear manufacturers and large manufacturers(i.e., the number of employees, sales volume) showed higher automation level; 2) environmental complexity positively affected the automation level; and 3) the automation level had a positive effect only on quality performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.88-95
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• 2003

A firm's business composition and the sales volume of each business segment are subject to change depending, to a considerable extent, on the firm's business strategy. These changes were weighted and represented as a single index, referred to by scholars in strategic management and industrial organization research fields as 'firm entropy' then its impact on firms' profitability was assessed over twelve years. The performance differences between contractor and non-contractor firms, as well as focused and diversified firms, were compared through a Longitudinal Data Analysis Technique within a Hierarchical Linear Modeling framework. Hypothesis was formulated based on firm diversification theories and previous research findings. The hypothesis was tested according to the modeling outcomes, and implications are presented. The research findings indicate that the level of firms' long-term profitability supports the argument that the construction industry is highly competitive and mature.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 1994

Atmospheric lead concentrations in Seoul were monitored for ten years from January 1984 to June 1993 using X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer. 342 aerosol samples were collected using high volume samplers at two sites : one at Chungang University campus from 1984 to 1988 and the other at Yonsei University campus from 1989 to 1993. Lead concentration increased steadily from about 300ng/㎥ to the maximum of about 600ng/㎥ in 1988 and then decreased, and this is similar to the pattern of Korean leaded gasoline sales implying that Korean automobile emission is the main source. However, the emission from nation's coal combustion appeared to be substantial as welt, and this emmision is the major cause for the secondary feature strong seasonal variability. Lead concentration varied systematically from season to season, low in summer and high in winter. The region's characteristic climate, frequent and heavy precipitations in summer and dry in winter is considered to be another cause for the seasonal variability.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.167-184
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• 2012

Business diversification is inevitable to survive under the current competitive business environments. The advent of new businesses makes corporate governance more complicated through corporate combinations. Recent introduction of new accounting standard, International Financial Reporting Standards(IFRS), accelerates the need for corporate governance analysis. This study analyses the complex corporate governance system and its relation to the business performance using social network analysis. Corporate inter-governance networks can be visualized easily in a social network diagram. 552 corporate governance data are empirically analysed in the Korean stock market. The changes in In-Degree between networks are positively related with the changes in corporate sales volume. We can find the same results using operating profits as corporate performance proxy. The results show that social network analysis technique can be applied to investments in the stock markets.