• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 1997

Background : Patient-controlled analgesia(PCA) is a safe and effective technique for providing postoperative pain relief. Studies that compare epidural vs intravenous routes of opiate administration show conflicting results. We designed a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of epidural(EPI-PCA) morphine-bupivacaine versus intravenous (IV-PCA) nalbuphine when administered with a PCA system. Methods : Forty healthy women were randomly assigned to receive an epidural bolus of morphine 3 mg and 0.5% bupivacaine 10 ml, followed by a EPI-PCA with 0.01% morphine and 0.143% bupivacane (basal infusion 1 ml/hr, bolus 1 ml, lock-out interval 30 min) or intravenous bolus of nalbuphine 0.1 mg/kg followed by a IV-PCA with nalbuphine(basal infusion 1 mg/hr, bolus 1 ml, lock-out interval 20 min) for pain relief after cesarean delivery. This study was conducted for 2 days after cesarean section to compare the analgesic efficacy, side effects, patient satisfaction either as EPI-PCA or as IV-PCA. Results : EPI-PCA group had significant lower visual analog pain scale(VAS) at immediate postoperative period, whereas no significant difference was observed when pain was assessed at other time sequence. Urinary retention and pruritus were more frequent with EPI-PCA group, although the incidence of other side effects were the same. Conclusions : Although EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine was of significantly lower VAS at immediate postoperative period, IV-PCA with nalbuphine is a safe and effective alternative to EPI-PCA with morphine-bupivacaine for providing pain relief after cesarean delivery. Further studies about IV-PCA with nalbuphine are needed to control the immediate postoperative pain and to further improve effective pain management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2000

This paper described on a basic study to organize fishing vessel control system in order to control efficiently fishing vessel in Korean offshore. It was digitalized ARPA image on the fishing processing of a fleet of purse seiner in conducting fishing operation at Cheju offshore in Korea as a digital camera and then simulated by used VTMS. Futhermore, it was investigated on the application of FVTMS which can control efficiently fishing vessels in fishing ground. The results obtained were as follows ; (1) It was taken 16 minutes and 35 minutes to casting and hauling net in fishing processing respectively. The length of rope pulled by scout boat was 200m, tactical diameter in casting net was 340.8m, turning speed was 6kts as well. (2) The processing of casting and hauling net was moved to SW, NE as results of simulation when the current direction and speed set into NE, 2kts and SW, 2kts respectively. Such as these results suggest that can predict to control the fishing vessel previously with information of fishing ground, fishery and ship's maneuvering, etc. (3) The control range of VTMS radar used in simulation was about 16 miles. Although converting from a radar of the control vessel to another one, it was continuously acquired for the vector and the target data. The optimum control position could be determined by measuring and analyzing to distance and direction between the control vessel and the fleet of fishing vessel. (4) The FVTMS(fishing vessel traffic management services) model was suggested that fishing vessels received fishing conditions and safety navigation information can operate safely and efficiently.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2018

Social infrastructure facilities that have been under construction since the country's high-growth period are undergoing rapid aging, and safety assessments of large structures such as bridge tunnels, which can be directly linked to large-scale casualties in the event of an accident, are necessary. Wireless smart sensor networks that improve SHM(Structural Health Monitoring) based on existing wire sensors are difficult to construct economical and efficient system due to short signal reach. The LPWAN, Low Power Wide Area Network, is becoming popular with the Internet of Things and it is possible to construct economical and efficient SHM by applying it to structural health monitoring. This study examines the applicability of LoRa LPWAN to structural health monitoring and proposes a channel usage pre-planning based LoRa network operation method that can efficiently utilize bandwidth while resolving conflicts between channels caused by using license - exempt communication band.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.714-721
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• 2011

In this paper, developing management programs for EMI tracking can navigate the site quickly and solve EMI tracking cause and location to use materials such as analysis of air accidents, EMI site location data of 1000 RF companys, radio wave spectrum analysis and audio data. these data are databased and used comparable data. Also, EMI has been prevented by establishing continuous monitoring system through a 24-hour surveillance. Therefore we were able to provide high quality air waves in order to prevent aircraft accidents. In addition, radar control staff of Korea Airports Corporation against passenger aircraft that will prevent the worst aircraft accident have been established based to continue periodic aviation frequency protection and Portable Electronic Devices(PED) on board aircraft to prevent the culture of safety campaign.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2022

Recently, data production has seen explosive growth, and the storage systems to store these big data safely and quickly is evolving in various ways. A typical configuration of storage systems is the use of SSDs with fast data processing speed as a RAID group that can maintain reliable data. However, since NAND flash memory, which composes SSD, has the feature that deterioration if writes more than a certain number of times are repeated, can increase the likelihood of simultaneous failure on multiple SSDs in a RAID group. And this can result in serious reliability problems that data cannot be recovered. Thus, in order to solve this problem, we propose a method of throttling IOs so that each SSD within a RAID group leads to a different life-end. The technique proposed in this paper utilizes SMART to control the state of each SSD and the number of IOs allocated according to the data pattern used step by step. In addition, this method has the advantage of preventing large amounts of concurrency defects in RAID because it induces differential lifetime finishes of SSDs.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

Recently, smart buildings that can efficiently manage energy using ICT technology and operate and control through the building automation system by collecting data from a large number of IoT sensors in real time are attracting attention. However, as data management is carried out through an open environment, the safety of smart buildings is threatened by the security vulnerability of the existing building automation protocol. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the major data link technology of BACnet, which is used universally, and propose OWE-based efficient BACnet/SC that can ensure the reliability of data in a wireless environment. The proposed protocol enables safe communication even in an open network by applying OWE and provides the same level of security as BACnet/SC in a TLS environment. As a result, it reduces the connection process twice and reduces the average time required by 40%, enabling more efficient communication than before.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.47-58
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• 2022

In recent years, navigation aids, which plays as sea traffic lights, have been digitized, and are developing beyond simple sign purpose to provide various functions such as marine information collection, supervision, control, etc. For example, Busan Port which is located in South Korea is leading the application of the advanced technologies by installing cameras on buoys and recording video images to supervise maritime accidents. However, there are difficulties to perform their major functions since the advanced technologies require long-term battery operation and also management and maintenance of them are hampered by marine characteristics. This study proposes a system that can automatically notify maritime objects passing around buoys by analyzing image information. In the existing sensor-based accident prevention systems, the alarms are generated by a collision detection sensor. The system can identify the cause of the accident whilst even though it is difficult not possible to fundamentally prevent the accidents. Therefore, in order to overcome these limitations, the proposed a maritime object detection system is based on marine characteristics. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed system shows about 5 times faster processing speed than other existing algorithms.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2015

Advancement in the medical field provides an opportunity for the development of medical equipment and also enable accurate diagnosis for the inspection and the treatment of diseases. The aging of equipment due to the frequent operation produce uncertainty in the patient exposure dose, so a quality control was implemented by establishing a safety management system on a regular basis. The x-ray tube voltage (kVp), which is directly involved in the patient exposure dose and the life of the equipment, needs periodic performance for the quality control, but it has a limitation due to the time and the cost. In this study, we proposed a new method for measuring the kVp with ease by using the Y and Cu to solve the problem of the time and cost. We also evaluated the usefulness and the effectiveness of the new method and its accuracy through the kVp measurement. After securing the condition, the amount of the tube current and evaluating the usefulness and effectiveness of kVp measured using Y and Cu. The density range used was at 0.5-1.0, kVp was in the range of ${\pm}10%$, then, we recorded the change in concentration as % of Y and Cu. This experiment showed that when Cu and Y was at 75 kVp, concentration was the same, and when the kVp was changed to 65 ~ 85 %, a gradual increase in concentration to 85 ~ 110 % was noted.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.140-151
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• 2019

It is to assess the indoor air quality of the chemical hazardous materials exposed to the fire after firefighters returned to the fire scene. The research subject randomly selected four fire stations located in Seoul, Korea. Two fire stations were set up as control groups after the return of the firefighting activities at the actual fire scene, and two other fire stations were set up as control groups to measure the air quality of the room at normal levels regardless of the action. We conducted 24-hour monitoring for all fire accidents that occurred in Seoul Metropolitan using fire safety map computer system. Also, indoor air quality was measured immediately after homecoming if the experiment group was to be dispatched due to an accident of intermediate or larger scale. 11 hazardous substance items such as fine dust, formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds, PAH, VCM, acidity, asbestos, CO₂, NO₂, O₃ were measured according to the process test method. Three of 11 types of harmful substances exceeded domestic and foreign standards, and one of them was found to be close to foreign standards. In particular, total volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide and sulfuric acids were 2.5 times, 2.2 times and 1.1 times higher than the standard. Also, for formaldehyde and sulfuric acid, it was measured higher in the control group than in the case group. This findings could be used in policies to improve indoor air quality in the fire station of the Seoul Metropolitan Government.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4018-4024
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to application in the HACCP(Hazard Analysis Critical control) system of fried kimchi soup. The establishment of Critical limit during sterilization processing was measured by sterilization temperature, sterilization time, sensory test, storage test and pH change in storage for 30 days (May 1~30, 2012). Before sterilization, general bacteria, coliform and thermophile bacteria were detected to be $6.00{\times}10^5\;CFU/m{\ell}$, $7.50{\times}10^2\;CFU/m{\ell}$ and $2.75{\times}10^2\;CFU/m{\ell}$, respectively. In contrast, all microbial was not detected after sterilization($90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $22{\pm}5$ mins). The sensory test was decided as the most delicious kimchi according to $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $22{\pm}5min$. In conclusion, the sterilization process of fried kimchi soup would be a great alternative to prevention, decreasing and removing of harmful microorganism, such as general bacteria, coliform and thermoduric bacteria etc. Therefore, the critical limit of sterilization temperature and time for quality control and biosafety was established at $90{\pm}5^{\circ}C$, $22{\pm}5$ mins. And it suggested that HACCP plan was necessary for monitoring method, monitoring cycle, problem solving method, education, training and record management during sterilization processing.