• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.2 s.74
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• pp.11-22
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is 1) to clarify that the house is no long the safe place through the cases of the senior safety accidents and to argue the need for housing repair and 2) to present the minimum standards for housing repair by comparing the cases here as well as the abroad and to back up the standards with the current senior housing environment 300 people at least 60 years old living in Seoul$\cdot$Metropolitan area were interviewed using the structured questionnaire. As the result, the following conclusions were made: 1. There was high accident rates of the senior residents due to physical deficits within the house, causing excessive medical cost and decreased housing satisfaction. This problem can be sufficiently prevented by housing repair which can not only solve the safety problem but also support self sufficient living for the senior residents. 2. Proper housing repair required the architectural know how as well as the expertise knowledge of the physical characteristics of the senior people. Therefore, it is essential to secure the professional (i.e., occupational therapist) who can analyze the needs of the senior residents and evaluate and/or predict the obstacles during repair. Furthermore, development and distribution of the standardized manual are also needed. 3. The minimum standard for housing repair could be approached in view of 'barrier-free' concept. First, the bumps should be removed, slippery prevented, and safety grab-bar installed for safety. Second, the entrance should be widened and the bathroom and kitchen restructured to support for the senior residents' self sufficiency. To make housing repair policy more efficient, the legal basis is required. It can be incorporated into the existing senior citizens 'Welfare Act' or the 'Senior Residents Medical Insurance' which will be effective starting in 2007.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.57-66
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• 2023

In this paper, we present a study on an AI-based system utilizing the CCTV system within city buses to predict the intentions of boarding and alighting passengers, with the aim of preventing accidents. The proposed system employs the YOLOv7 Pose model to detect passengers, while utilizing an LSTM model to predict intentions of tracked passengers. The system can be installed on the bus's CCTV terminals, allowing for real-time visual confirmation of passengers' intentions throughout driving. It also provides alerts to the driver, mitigating potential accidents during passenger transitions. Test results show accuracy rates of 0.81 for analyzing boarding intentions and 0.79 for predicting alighting intentions onboard. To ensure real-time performance, we verified that a minimum of 5 frames per second analysis is achievable in a GPU environment. his algorithm enhance the safety of passenger transitions during bus operations. In the future, with improved hardware specifications and abundant data collection, the system's expansion into various safety-related metrics is promising. This algorithm is anticipated to play a pivotal role in ensuring safety when autonomous driving becomes commercialized. Additionally, its applicability could extend to other modes of public transportation, such as subways and all forms of mass transit, contributing to the overall safety of public transportation systems.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2010

The goal of This study is to predict medical fee by accidents at home and the factors of accidents, and also to suggest the conditions of housing adaptations for elderly people. As the result of in-house accidents, on average 2.97 million Korean won was to be spent for medical care. Furthermore, 2808 billion Korean Won, which was predicted by multiplying the number of older people with the reported accident rates of 2.0% by the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2005, can be estimated to pay on medical care in 2005. And in addition it is analyzed on residential conditions and 65 cases of elderly housing. According to the 65 safety problem cases, it examines that in-house accidents of older people generally happen at the steps, toilet and bathroom. It is necessary to adapt physical conditions and it is more effective. As the result of research, medical fee by accident at home has been increasing and also it could be predicted to spend 280,800million won in 2005. To reduce medical fee, it is necessary to promote physical environment by renovation. When be decided to renovate a housing, we know that it is more effective to use a checklist of space using at home. And also it is suggested to amend a checklist with other factors including physical conditions and health condition and so on to promote a correctness.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.246-252
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• 2018

A series of simulated reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) tests on irradiated fully recrystallized boiling water reactor Zircaloy-2 cladding has been performed by means of the expansion-due-to-compression (EDC) test method. The EDC method reproduces fuel pellet-clad mechanical interaction (PCMI) conditions for the cladding during RIA transients with respect to temperature and loading rates by out-of-pile mechanical testing. The tested materials had a large variation in burnup and hydrogen content (up to 907 wppm). The results of the EDC tests showed variation in the PCMI resistance of claddings with similar burnup and hydrogen content, making it difficult to clearly identify ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures. The EDC-tested samples of the present and previous work were investigated by light optical and scanning electron microscopy to study the influence of factors such as azimuthal variation of the Zr-hydrides and the presence of hydride rims and radially oriented hydrides. Two main characteristics were identified in samples with low ductility with respect to hydrogen content and test temperature: hydride rims and radial hydrides at the cladding outer surface. Crack propagation and failure modes were also studied, showing two general modes of crack propagation depending on distribution and amount of radially oriented hydrides. It was concluded that the PCMI resistance of irradiated cladding under normal conditions with homogenously distributed circumferential hydrides is high, with good margin to the RIA failure limits. To further improve safety, focus should be on conditions causing nonfavorable hydride distribution, such as hydride reorientation and formation of hydride blisters at the cladding outer surface.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.397-408
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• 2021

The construction industry has the highest occupational accidents/injuries and has experienced the most fatalities among entire industries. Korean government installed surveillance camera systems at construction sites to reduce occupational accident rates. Construction safety managers are monitoring potential hazards at the sites through surveillance system; however, the human capability of monitoring surveillance system with their own eyes has critical issues. A long-time monitoring surveillance system causes high physical fatigue and has limitations in grasping all accidents in real-time. Therefore, this study aims to build a deep learning-based safety monitoring system that can obtain information on the recognition, location, identification of workers and heavy equipment in the construction sites by applying multiple object tracking with instance segmentation. To evaluate the system's performance, we utilized the Microsoft common objects in context and the multiple object tracking challenge metrics. These results prove that it is optimal for efficiently automating monitoring surveillance system task at construction sites.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

For a given plant design, improved decisions on when to shutdown an existing plant may be obtained by making better predictions of failure rates, by exerting efforts to collect more relevant information or by improving decision making models which put that information to best use. It is important that the models include the value of possible loss of lives and fear along with cleanup, decommissioning, relocation if the decisions derived from the model are to be useful. The decision model we have described enables us to investigate a class of optimal decisions on whether to shutdown or continue operating one period of time. The analysis and decision process is repeated at the end of each period with additional information about new costs and risks.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.1525-1531
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• 2019

The indigenous nuclear power program of India is based mainly on a series of Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs). A burst correlation for Indian PHWR fuel claddings has been developed and empirical burst parameters are determined. The burst correlation is developed from data available in literature for single-rod transient burst tests performed on Indian PHWR claddings in inert environment. The heating rate and internal overpressure were in the range of 7 K/s-73 K/s and 3 bar-80 bar, respectively, during the burst tests. A burst criterion for inert environment, which assumes that deformation is controlled by steady state creep, has been developed using the empirical burst parameters. The burst criterion has been validated with experimental data reported in literature and the prediction of burst parameters is in a fairly good agreement with the experimental data. The burst criterion model reveals that increasing the heating rate increases the burst temperature. However, at higher heating rates, burst strain is decreased considerably and an early rupture of the claddings without undergoing considerable ballooning is observed. It is also found that the degree of anisotropy has significant influence on the burst temperature and burst strain. With increasing degree of anisotropy, the burst temperature for claddings increases but there is a decrease in the burst strain. The effect of anisotropy in the ${\alpha}$-phase is carried over to ${\alpha}+{\beta}$-phase and its effect on the burst strain in the ${\alpha}+{\beta}$-phase too can be observed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 2024

Approximately 89% of all capsizing accidents involve small vessels, and despite their relatively high accident rates, small vessels are not subject to ship stability regulations. Small vessels, where the provision of essential basic design documents for stability calculations is omitted, face challenges in directly calculating their stability. In this study, considering that the majority of domestic coastal small vessels are of the Chine-type design, the goal is to establish the major hull form characteristic data of vessels, which can be identified from design documents such as the general arrangement drawing, as input data. Through the application of a deep learning approach, specifically a multilayer neural network structure, we aim to infer hydrostatic curves, operational draft ranges, and more. The ultimate goal is to confirm the possibility of directly calculating the initial stability of small vessels.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1968

This paper describes the incidence of transport accident for the period, 1955-1965. Transport accidents were classified into three categories, viz. railway(WHO Classification of Diseases, E-802), watercraft (E 550-E 858) and motor vehicle accidents(E810-E835, E840-E841, E844-E845). Crude data on the subject were collected from the various souces of Government Statistical Books including Statistical Year Books edited by the Central Office of Economic Planning Board, Annual Police Reports by the Ministry of Home Affairs, and the national and local associations for road traffic safety. From the data incidence and mortality rates by year, month and local province were computed and other variables relevant to the epidemiology of accidents were observed. The following summary could be drawn: 1. Death rates due to transport accidents per 100,000 population were 12.3 for 1955 and 9.7 for 1965. The incidence of injury due to the same cause were 34.0 for 1955 and 35.9 for 1965. 2. Death rates by transportation vehicle showed 9.0 due to motor vehicle accidents, 1.7 due to water-crafts, and 1.6 due to railway trains for 1955. In 1965 death rates were 6.0 due to motor vehicles, 1.2 to water-crafts and 2.4 to railway. 3. Seasonal distribution of transport accidents revealed that car accidents occur more frequently in spring and fall fall seasons while ship accidents do in winter and train accidents more in summer. 4. Both car and ship accidents slightly decreased during the past decade, 1955-1965, whereas the accidents of railway trains showed a tendency of increase. 5. Although the survey on railway accidents excluded the injuries of passengers or railway employees corresponding to WHO classification of diseases, E 801, due to inaccuracy of data, it is roughly estimated that the same number of casualities as the incidence among pedestrians or any other than passengers or employees assumed to be at work(E 802).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.4 s.82
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• pp.47-55
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• 2005

In recent years, the rapid growth of vehicles have increased traffic crashes. Since they can cause the economic losses and have put the life qualify in danger, there should be numerous efforts to reduce traffic crashes. To reduce traffic crashes, this research seeks to improve the safety of intersections by analysing causations of injury severity with Ordered Probability Model. This research applied the Ordered Probit Model, which assumes that ${\epsilon}_i$(random error) is normally distributed, for model calibration and used $p^2$ (likelihood ratio) and $x^2$ (Chi-square) for model selection. The results show that minor road traffic, heavy vehicle rates, major and minor right-turn rates, presence of lightings, speed limits, instructive line for left-turn traffic are significant factors affecting crash severities at signalized intersections.