• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.44.1-44.7
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• 2019

Background: We evaluated the improvement of pain and the increase in mouth opening after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and the possible association with various factors such as previous splint treatment, medication, and diagnosis. Results: We studied 57 temporomandibular joint disorder patients who underwent arthrocentesis at Korea University Anam Hospital. These patients (24 males and 33 females, aged between 15 and 76 years) underwent arthrocentesis that was performed by one surgeon. The degree of mouth opening (assessed using the maximum mouth opening: MMO) and pain (assessed using the visual analog scale: VAS) were assessed pre- and post-arthrocentesis. The study also investigated whether treatment modalities other than arthrocentesis (medication and appliance therapy) were performed. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in mouth opening and pain after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Preoperative appliance therapy affected the results of arthrocentesis, but it was not statistically significant. With regard to pain relief, preoperative diagnosis did not show a significant difference. However, with regard to maximum mouth opening, patients with disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening (closed lock) showed the highest recovery (11.13 mm). Conclusion: The average of MMO increase after arthrocentesis was 9.10 mm, and patients with disc displacement without reduction with locking (closed lock) showed most recovery in maximum mouth opening and it was statistically significant. The average pain relief of patients after arthrocentesis was 3.03 in the VAS scale, and patients using anterior repositioning splint (ARS) preoperatively showed the most pain relief.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.23.1-23.8
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional effects of temporalis myofascial flap after condylectomy, with or without disc removal, in elderly patients with anterior disc displacement (ADD) without reduction and an erosive condylar surface of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Methods: A total of 15 joints from 11 elderly patients (71-78 years old) were included. The patients had pain, mandibular dysfunction symptoms, and unilateral or bilateral ADD as well as an erosive condylar surface of the TMJ. All patients underwent temporalis myofascial flap reconstruction after condylectomy, with or without disc removal. If the maximal mouth opening (MMO) remained <35 mm after condylectomy, coronoidotomy was also performed. Self-assessed pain and mandibular function, including MMO and protrusive and lateral movements, were evaluated. Results: No patient experienced serious complications. Most measurements improved significantly after surgery compared to preoperatively. Most patients achieved nearly-normal mouth opening at 4 weeks after surgery. Although most patients felt discomfort during active postoperative physiotherapy, no patient reported serious pain during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Although nonsurgical therapy is often the first treatment choice for ADD without reduction of the TMJ, surgical intervention involving condylectomy and temporalis myofascial flap reconstruction may be a reasonable first option for elderly patients with an erosive condylar surface of the TMJ.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2002.05b
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• pp.281-288
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• 2002

Crab shell 충진 칼럼을 이용한 수중 중금속의 연속적 제거에 있어서 다른 흡착제 (CER, GAC, Zeolite)와 비교 실험을 통하여 crab shell의 중금속 제거능을 알아보았다. 수중 $Pb^2+/{2+}$ 의 column을 이용한 연속적제거에 있어서 미세침전부분이 외부로 배출됨으로 칼럼 외부에 여과시스템의 도입함으로써 중금속 제거능을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 중금속의 연속적 제거에 있어서 CER의 1,000 BVs까지의 전체 제거량은 0.35mmol/g, GAC는 0.17mmo1/g, zeolite는 0.16 mmol/g으로 나타났고 crab shell에 의한 중금속 제거량은 0.61 mmol/g으로 다른 흡착제보다 높은 제거효율을 보였다. 수중 중금속의 연속적 제거에 있어서 여러 흡착제의 제거 순서는 crab shell > CER > GAC > zeolite 로 나타났다. Crab shell의 경우는 파과점이 2,000 BVs에서 나타나므로 일반적인 폐수처리의 화학적 처리 후 잔존하는 저농도의 중금속을 제거를 위해 crab shell 충진 칼럼이 유용 할 것으로 판단된다. Crab shell의 재사용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 crab shell을 이용한 중금속 제거공정에서 연속적인 중금속제거와 탈착과정을 통하여 보았을 때 1회에서 $Pb^2+/{2+}$제거된 량은 0.71 mmol/g 제거되었고 2회에서는 0.27 mmol/g, 3회에서는 0.02 mmol/g으로 급격하게 crab shell의 제거능이 떨어지는 것을 관찰 할 수 있다. 이는 crab shell이 재사용이 불가능 할 것으로 판단되나 다른 흡착제보다 월등한 제거효율을 보이므로 수중 중금속의 연속적 제거 흡착제 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.27-42
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• 2018

This study analyzed the utility of ammonium chloride ($NH_4Cl$) as a nitrogen source for methanotroph communities. When cultured in nitrate mineral salt (NMS) medium, the methanotroph community we identified four families, seven genera, and 16 type I and type II species of methanotrophs. Among species in the Methylobacter genus, Methylobacter marinus could be actively cultured in NMS medium without NaCl addition. Following the addition of 25 mM $NH_4Cl$, the numbers of the type I genera Methylomonas, Methylococcus, and Methylobacter were increased, whereas the numbers of the type II genera Methylocystis and Methylosinus were decreased after 5 days. In methanotroph communities, certain concentrations of $NH_4Cl$ affected methane consumption and growth of methanotrophs at the community level. $NH_4Cl$ caused a considerable decrease in the methane consumption rate and the expression of soluble methane monooxygenases (sMMOs) but did not inhibit the growth of Methylomonas methanica expressing sMMO. These results could be attributed to competitive antagonism of MMOs due to their direct involvement in ammonia oxidation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.701-710
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• 2008

The wild simulated ginseng (WSG) has been effectively used in folk medicine as a remedy against hepatic disease, hypertension and arthritic disease. However, there is still lack of scientific proof about its antioxidant capability. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the protective role of the WSG ethanol extract in the CCl4-induced oxidative stress and resultant hepatic disfunction in ICR mice. The electron donating abilities and IC50 of WSG etnanol extract were 76.86 ${\pm}$ 1.06% and 33.3 ${\mu}g$/mL (that of ascobic acid was 16.5 ${\mu}g$/mL), respectively. Total antioxidant status of WSG extract was 2.13 ${\pm}$ 0.06 mmoL/mg, while the values of ascorbic acid and BHT were 3.63 ${\pm}$ 0.06 and 3.12 ${\pm}$ 0.02, respectively. ICR mice (aged 3weeks) were fed for 4 weeks on AIN-93M diet and had free access to food and water. The animals were divided into three groups: normal group (intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with PBS at 100 ${\mu}L$/mouse), group C; CCl4-induced and without any treatment. (i.p injected only PBS, 100 ${\mu}L$ /mice), group G; CCl4-induced and treated with WSG (i.p injected with 5 mg WSG extract per mouse, suspended in 100 ${\mu}L$ phosphate buffer). After the i.p. injection of WSG or PBS (5 times for 7weeks), all mice were administered CCl4 in olive oil at the last day of the experiment, except for normal group. The normal group was administered only olive oil. Determination of plasma triglyceride, total cholersterol, fasting glucose and GPT activity was performed using automatic blood analyzer. To evaluate the protective effect against the oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and TBARS were determined in blood leucocytes and RBC and hepatocyte, respectively. Body and organs weights and food intake did not show significant differences among the groups. Blood total cholesterol of group G was similar to that of normal group, which was the lowest in group C. The fasting blood glucose level was the highest in normal group (205.20 ${\pm}$ 135.24), which were decreased in group C (134.2 ${\pm}$ 79.31) and group G (126.48 ${\pm}$ 77.05). TBARS values in a red blood cell and hepatic tisuue homogenate were lower in group G comparing to the group C. DNA% in tail, tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM) of blood leucoocytes showed the highest values in group C (20.11 ${\pm}$ 2.47, 17.36 ${\pm}$ 2.58, 94.11 ${\pm}$ 12.29) and they were significantly diminished in group G (9.63 ${\pm}$ 1.19, 7.04 ${\pm}$ 1.50, 38.64 ${\pm}$ 7.60). In conclusion, wild simulated ginseng might be a protective agent against the oxidative stress.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.14.1-14.11
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to introduce our modified disc plication technique using MITEK mini anchors and to evaluate the clinical outcome for patients with internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Patients and methods: We evaluated 65 joints in 46 patients, comprised 32 women and 14 men, who first visited the Asan Medical Center from December 2012 to December 2016. The age of the patients ranged from 14 to 79 years, with a mean age of 36.6 years. The patients presented with joint problems including pain, joint noise, and mouth opening limitation (MOL). Patients who met our inclusion criteria underwent unilateral or bilateral disc repositioning surgery with our minimally invasive disc plication technique using MITEK mini anchors and No. 2-0 Ethibond^® braided polyester sutures. The variables taken into account in this study were the range of maximum mouth opening (MMO), painful symptoms (evaluated with the visual analog scale, VAS), and the type of noise (click, popping, crepitus) in the TMJ. Results: Preoperative examination revealed painful symptoms in 50.7% (n = 35) of the operated joints (n = 69) and the presence of clicks in 56.5% (n = 39). Postoperative examination revealed that 4.3% (n = 3) of the operated joints had painful symptoms with lower intensity than that in the preoperative condition. Additionally, 17.4% (n = 12) had residual noise in the TMJ, among which two were clicking and the other 10 had mild crepitus. The intensity of the postoperative residual noise was significantly decreased in all cases compared to that in the preoperative condition. Among patients with MOL below 38 mm (n = 18), the mean MMO was 31.4 mm preoperatively and 44.2 mm at 6 months postoperatively, with a mean increase of 13.8 mm. A barely visible scar at the operation site was noted during the postoperative observation period, with no significant complications such as facial palsy or permanent occlusal disharmony. Conclusion: Subjective symptoms in all patients improved following the surgery. TMJ disc plication using MITEK mini anchors with our minimally invasive approach may be a feasible and effective surgical option for treating TMJ ID patients who are not responsive to conservative treatment.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.485-488
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• 2000

Methyl mercaptan oxidase was isolated and purified from Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m for the detection of mercaptans. The procedure of purification involved DEAE-Sephacel and Superose 12 column chromatographies with recovery yields of 47.5 and 48.5 %, and specific activity of 374 and 1240.8 units/mg-protein, respectively. The molecular weight of purified methyl mercaptan oxidase was determined to be 66.1 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Optimum temperature for activity was observed at $55\;^{circ}C$. This enzyme was activated by $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ and NaCl and inhibited by $NH_4Cl$.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1993

This study characterized the effect of liver injury produced by hepatotoxicants on the biliary and urinary excretion of acetaminophen(AA) metabolites. Liver damage was produced in male S.-D. rats, 24 hr after dosing with carbon tetrachloride(4CCl_4,$ 0.75 mι/kg, ip) or thioacetamide(TA, 200 mg/kg, ip), or 16 hr after administration of cadmium chloride(4CdCl_2,$ 3.9 mg/kg, iv). Liver damage without renal injury was confirmed by measuring serum enzymes, creatinine and BUN levels as well as by histopathological examination. AA and its metabolites were measured for 3 hr by HPLC in rats injected iv with 1 mmo1/kg of AA. The excreted amounts of AA-glucuronide into bile were reduced to 60~70% of control rats by hepatotoxicants, but did not change urinary excretion of AA-glucuronide and AA-sulfate. Treatments with $CCl_4,\; CdCl_2$ and TA decreased the total (biliary plus urinary) excretion of thioethers of AA(30~50% of control), suggesting that these toxicants decrease cytochrome P-450-mediated toxification of AA. However, treatments of $CdCl_2$and TA markedly enhanced the excretion of AA-mercapturate into urine. Thus, 4CdCl_2$ and TA not only influence the formation of AA-glutathione, but may also alter the excretory routes (i.e. bile and urine) for the elimination of AA-metabolite.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.3 s.67
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

This is the study for the removal of a toxic heavy metal ions and the recycling of expanded polystyrene wastes. Thus expanded polystyrene wastes collected from the packing materials of TV or chemicals and dissolved by $80wt.\%$ solvent(N, N-Dimethylacrylamide), electrospun in DC 20kV by power supply. Generally, the electrospinning is a process of manufacture to the fibers of nanosize from polymer solution. Manufactured nanofiber mats by electrospinning were sulfonated by cone.-sulphuric acid with $Ag_2S_O_4$ catalysts for the exchange capacity of heavy metal ions and the properties of structure with sulfonated time investigated by FESEM(Feild Emission Scaning Electron Microscope). The ion exchange capacity of light metal$(Na^+)$, Cd(II) and Ni(II), and by a nanofiber mats were 1.94[mmo1/g-dry-mat), 1.72(mmol/g-dry-mat), 1.24(mmol/g-dry-mat), respectively., and water uptake content showed a similar trend with IEC. and The selectivity coefficients $K^M_H$ of Cd(II), Ni((II) ions showed 0.324, 0.228. respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 2000

Methyl mercaptan oxidase was isolated and purified from Thiobacillus thiooxidans KCTC2505 for the detection of mercaptans. T The produre of purification involved DEAE-Sephacel and Superose 12 column chromatographies with recovery yields of 40 a and 6.3%, and specific activity of 19.7 and 80.1 units/mg-protein, respectively. The molecular weight of purified methyl m mercaptan oxidase was determined to be 68.1 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The extract from DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography h had a high activity in oxidizing methyl mercaptan to produce formaldehyde which can be easily detected by purpald-coloring m method. Optimum temperature for activity was observed at $43^{\circ}C$. This enzyme was activated by $NH_4CI and (NH_4)_2S0_4$, and | inhibited by KCI and NaC!.