• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2021

Cyberbullying has become a social problem as malicious text messages and online comments among teenagers have increased in the late 2000s. Some serious reporting has attempted to impress on us the need to pay more attention to reducing malicious online content as a typical type of cyberbullying. Meanwhile, despite environmental changes that have made it easier to report perpetrators of such messages, it is often the case that the crime occurs in a public place and is tolerated. However, there is a growing tendency for people to exhibit the bystander effect, the problem of personal indifference to witnessing or knowing about crimes, but individuals do not offer any means of help to a victim when other people are present. This effect is rampant in the case of cybercrimes. This study aims to extract the motivations behind posting malicious comments through in-depth interviews and to suggest recommendations for relative issues by demonstrating how the bystander effect can be reduced using causal relationship diagrams of the system dynamics methodology. Hopefully, this work will contribute to a better understanding of factors that could cause a decrease in malicious online comments.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.395-418
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• 2024

The epicentral region of earthquakes is typically where liquefaction-related damage takes place. To determine the maximum distance, such as maximum epicentral distance (R_e), maximum fault distance (R_f), or maximum hypocentral distance (R_h), at which an earthquake can inflict damage, given its magnitude, this study, using a recently updated global liquefaction database, multiple ML models are built to predict the limiting distances (R_e, R_f, or R_h) required for an earthquake of a given magnitude to cause damage. Four machine learning models LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory), CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), and XGB (Extreme Gradient Boosting) are developed using the Python programming language. All four proposed ML models performed better than empirical models for limiting distance assessment. Among these models, the XGB model outperformed all the models. In order to determine how well the suggested models can predict limiting distances, a number of statistical parameters have been studied. To compare the accuracy of the proposed models, rank analysis, error matrix, and Taylor diagram have been developed. The ML models proposed in this paper are more robust than other current models and may be used to assess the minimal energy of a liquefaction disaster caused by an earthquake or to estimate the maximum distance of a liquefied site provided an earthquake in rapid disaster mapping.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.65-80
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• 2024

The aim of this study is to develop smart fitness wear by designing and producing a prototype with integrated sensor modules, electrodes, and circuits. The research process was carried out in the following steps: 1) Selecting the positions of the sensors and electrodes based on preliminary research and exercise analysis, 2) Designing and creating patterns of smart fitness wear, 3) Designing the circuit diagram of smart fitness wear, 4) Producing the prototype, and 5) Evaluating wearability. The study reached the following key conclusions. First, the optimal placement of sensor modules and electrodes. Second, the functional design of the smart fitness wear. Third, improvements based on the usability evaluation. These research findings are expected to make a significant contribution to the future development of the fashion industry incorporating IT. The smart fitness wear developed in this study demonstrates the potential for integrating IT with the fashion industry. This product has the potential to be utilized not only in sportswear but also in various healthcare fields, enhancing user experience through personalized health management and tailored feedback.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2015

Due to the global warming and unstable abnormal climate changes, water resources differences between regions and water shortage are occurring. Therefore, the water resources management is becoming more important for the stable securement of future water supply and demand. Researches on Smart Water Grid (SWG), which is considered as a new method, that can stably secure and maintain the water resources, are actively being conducted but it is still in infancy. Thus, this study aimed to design SWG simulator based on GIS in order to provide integrated water information in web environment. The user's requirements were analyzed for system development and important functions such as SWG current situation checking, future prediction, filtration plant situation checking functions were designed and data expression techniques using GIS and HTML5 were applied to enhance the understanding of the users. Also, when the emergency situations occurred, the solving process of the situations are reproduced to check the solution process using scenario reproduction functions. Use-case, class, sequence diagram, which are a design for real system development and defines the system usage contents of users, were written, and the story board was written to check the final development contents. This study designed a SWG simulator in order to support the water maintenance reacting to climate changes. The development of system is expected to help securing information to deal with emergency situations such as water shortage and help the decision maker to make decision through reproduction of scenario. The major functions were designed for the convenience of water resource manager and producer but new contents for consumers must be developed to enable duplex information transmission.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.334-341
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• 2020

The optimum solutions of the instability of the target velocity were studied to solve the case of the target velocity of the ship approaching at a speed of ◯◯knots and deviated by more than ± 10knots, while the surveillance radar rotating speed was varied, while the maximum search range of the radar was evaluated during the operational test & evaluation. The instability of the target velocity did not enable the radar to calculate the information of the target precisely and to degrade the probability of hit and the quality of the target management. The improvement to handle the deviation of the target velocity was optimally determined by using a fishbone diagram to find 9 reasons based on 4M1E, and the algorithm of the target management was identified as the crucial reason. In this study, the improvement was applied to the filter algorithm to stabilize the target velocity in the target tracking management SW by reviewing the current algorithm to find the velocity of the target and recognizing that the problem does not apply to different 𝜶, 𝞫 values when the antenna changed the rotating speed. The ability of the improvement to work was tested on board.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-405
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• 2001

Poly[3-octylthiophene-co-3-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophene]s were synthesized in 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 mole ratios, and organic electroluminescent devices were fabricated using the copolymers. The opto-electrical properties of the copolymers were studied by PL, EL spectra, I-V, and V-L curves of the organic electroluminescent devices in conjunction with the energy band diagrams which were obtained from the cyclic voltammogram and the electronic absorption spectra. The LUMO energy level of P(OT/FPT)(1:1) is the lowest as -3.35 eV. In the copolymers P(OT/FPT)(2:1) and P(OT/FPT)(1:1) the ${\lambada}_{max}$ in the PL and EL spectra red-shifted as the mole ratio of fluorophenyl group increased while in P(OT/FPT)(1:2) it showed a blue-shift. This indicates that the backbone chain is twisted due to the steric hinderance of the fluorophenyl group leading to shorter ${\pi}$-conjugation length. P(OT/FPT)(1:1) showed the highest EL intensity and the highest power efficiency among the three copolymers. In P(OT/FPT)(1:2) the roughness of the film surface causes unusually high local leakage current leading to the low efficiency of electroluminescence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.71-86
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• 2017

This work explores the historical transformation of manual landscape architectural drawings in terms of hybridization to uncover their inherent creative aspect. Landscape architectural drawing has duel functions; namely, scientific instrumentality and artistic imagination, which are relative, interchangeable, and transformable. These characteristics have been embodied in the forms of particular types of drawing, projections, perspective views, and diagrams, which are not so much clearly distinguishable as rather mutually complementary and hybridized. In particular, the pictorial views of plants in the forms of a perspective view or elevation were frequently hybridized to projection drawings of grounds and architectural structures, which is called planometrics. Particular drawing types have often emerged as suitable and thereby dominant forms, depending on the particular historical styles of landscape design. Sixteenth-century Italian Renaissance gardens and seventeenth-century French formal gardens were generally visualized in the form of projections. Eighteenth-century and early nineteenth-century English landscape gardens were frequently represented in a pictorial perspective view. In nineteenth-century America, different drawing techniques such as competition drawing, photography, and map overlay were specialized depending on their respective functions. Twentieth-century American modernists began to explore the diagram to deploy design strategies. In such transformation, however, the planometric, which considers both the ground plane and plant's frontal identities simultaneously and thereby is suitable to landscape design, was frequently used as a hybridization technique. In the mid-nineteenth century, a top view of plants replaced the planometric, and then, in the twentieth century, plants were no longer represented artistically, instead reduced to the forms of standardized flat symbols. The use of instrumental visualizations thereby gradually increased rather than the use of an imaginative representation for landscape architectural drawings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

Recently, Korean government promotes BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) for their public construction project to apply private sector's experience and finance initiatives. Many of public buildings and civil infrastructure projects were planned to be delivered by BTL and it helps to continue public projects under tight budget conditions. Since the characteristics of BTL projects, creative ideas for the project function, performance and its LCC (Life Cycle Cost) become more important than usual public work project. This paper introduces the systematic "VE job Plan" application techniques for BTL project and shows the process. This study shows the application of "VE job Plan" for BTL project to help decision making and value improvement. Also, Project cost was estimated by LCC (Life Cycle Cost) analysis. Technical "FAST diagram"was developed and used to find major functions of the project. So, it helps to improve performance of functions and make creative ideas. FAST diagram also help to find relationships between functions and cost. A case study (Daegu Art Gallery BTL Project) was conducted using proposed "VE job Plan. Study demonstrates how value management helps save money and increase functional performance. Researcher found that project can save cost and improve performance of functions significantly by using appropriate VE analysis process at appropriate time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

The compact city usually provides good accessibility of residents with multiple transportation modes. However, in a compact city, annual average of travel distance per household by car is relatively short due to more congested traffic condition and larger travel cost than disperse city. As a result, total travel demand is decreasing when the region becomes more compact. Therefore compact development is regarded as one of the sustainable choices for future urban planning in many countries. This study aims at an empirical analysis of the relationship between urban compactness and travel demand based upon land-use and travel data for city of Seoul. In this study, 424 sub-districts with the mixed land-use patterns are assessed in a hexagonal diagram. The measurement is based on the relative deviation of each sector's characteristics including numbers of residence, manufacture, and trade & service. Multiple linear regression models are developed to analyze the effects of urban compactness on zonal trip generations. As a result, the trip generation rate in the residence-intensive and mixed-use areas is found to be relatively low. Furthermore, residents in high-compact areas tend to use public transport more often than residents in less compact areas.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.4 s.42
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• pp.381-390
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• 2005

S City depends on the T River as source water for water supply. Arsenic and boron from the hot-spring waste-water discharged from the hot-spring spa resort and emerging from the fractures of bedrock of the river have been prevalent contaminant of the T River water. This research was conducted to propose the simple and quick surrogate parameter for water quality management easily. And through making hexa-diagram of principal ions in the water samples, existing state of the water and influence of the human activity or geological origin can be figured out. As a results of characteristics of the T River water quality using principal component analysis, the contributory percentages of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd principal components were $40.80\%,\;21.40\%\;and\;11.31\%$, respectively. Therefore it was clarified that the quality of the T River water could be explained by these three principal components. Concentration of the chloride ion, which is one of the characteristics of the hot-spring water, was well correlated to both arsenic and boron concentrations. Hence concentrations of the arsenic and boron in the raw water of the water reatment plant can be predicted by the measurement of concentration of the chloride ion.