• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2015

Objectives: Recently, low systolic blood pressure (SBP) was found to be associated with an increased risk of death from vascular diseases in a rural elderly population in Korea. However, evidence on the association between low SBP and vascular diseases is scarce. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the association between low SBP and mortality from all causes and vascular diseases in older middle-aged Korean men. Methods: From 2004 to 2010, 94 085 Korean Vietnam War veterans were followed-up for deaths. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model. A stratified analysis was conducted by age at enrollment. SBP was self-reported by a postal survey in 2004. Results: Among the participants aged 60 and older, the lowest SBP (<90 mmHg) category had an elevated aHR for mortality from all causes (aHR, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 to 3.1) and vascular diseases (International Classification of Disease, 10th revision, I00-I99; aHR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 8.4) compared to those with an SBP of 100 to 119 mmHg. Those with an SBP below 80 mmHg (aHR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 18.8) and those with an SBP of 80 to 89 mmHg (aHR, 3.1; 95% CI, 0.9 to 10.2) also had an increased risk of vascular mortality, compared to those with an SBP of 90 to 119 mmHg. This association was sustained when excluding the first two years of follow-up or preexisting vascular diseases. In men younger than 60 years, the association of low SBP was weaker than that in those aged 60 years or older. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that low SBP (<90 mmHg) may increase vascular mortality in Korean men aged 60 years or older.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

The study result on the domestic waste occurrence and admistration condition of Iksan City as follows ; 1. The year of 1995 has observed a radically decreasing ratio of per capita waste generation compared to the previous year by 26.2%, owing to the publication of the new amendment of volume based charge as well as to the rural population included through the merger of Iksan City and Iksan Country ; the daily quantity of domestic waste for Iksan residents in 1997 was calculated to be $0.66kg/capita{\cdot}day$. 2. Waste generation in nonresidential areas were $8.04kg/capita{\cdot}day$ in average ; the quantity per capita in market places was observed to generate the largest, $36.76kg/capita{\cdot}day$, while that of services was the smallest $0.25kg/capita{\cdot}day$. 3. The average generation per capita of household waste was $0.23kg/capita{\cdot}day$ in the area which has no volume based charge system. This area showed no difference from those of other areas ; the apparent density of the waste recorded the lowest $0.llkg/{\ell}$ for District Offices, while the highest among the classified fields was $0.40kg/{\ell}$ of the Fire Station. 4. Iksan City showed great contribution by decreasing the absolute quantity of waste for landfill by waste classfication, according to the days of the week and reutilizing recyclable waste since August, 1997. 5. Location of a landfill site for disposal of nonrecyclable waste will cause a serious problem to the community and it will be highly recommendable to have governmental support and professtional consultation as well as open discussions, such as hearings, for the settlement of the problem.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, and to assess the risk factors associated with hypertension in elderly (over 65 years old) Koreans, using data from the 4th Korean National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (the 4th KNHANES), 2007~2009. A total of 1,887 participants were analyzed for assessing the risk factors after excluding those who took hypertension medicines or underwent diet therapy (hypertension perceivers). On the other hand, in analyzing prevalence, a total of 3,526 people were analyzed, including hypertension perceivers. Hypertension was more frequently found in female (64.1%) and urban (62.0%) groups compared to male (55.6%) and rural (57.4%) groups. The mean age of the hypertensive group was significantly higher than that of normal group. The mean values of total cholesterol levels were also significantly higher in the hypertensive group, while body weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were not. Multiple logistic regression showed that smoking was significantly related to the prevalence of hypertension, but alcohol drinking, stress, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, anemia, and nutrient intakes were not. The results of this study does not support clear relations of hypertension with chronic diseases including obesity, hyperlipidemia, anemia, and diabetes as well as nutrient intakes among a Korean elderly population. A prospective long-term research study is needed to establish the effects of these factors on hypertension.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.571-584
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• 2005

우리나라의 과도한 수도권 인구집중은 지역불균형발전의 원인으로 최근 지역인적자원육성 측면에서 중요한 문제로 제기된다. 인구이동은 지리적 이동임과 동시에 사회적 이동으로 수도권으로의 인구이동을 유출지역 입장에서 접근해 보면 유출지역의 배출요인과 이주자의 선별성으로 구분지어 검토해 볼 수 있다. 수도권으로의 이주에 이들이 미치는 상대적 중요도를 보면 전체적으로 연령이 가장 중요하게 나타나며, 제조업 비율, 농촌/도시가 이전에는 중요하였으나 점차 최근으로 오며 교육수준, 노동직 비율, 제조업 비율, 그리고 실업률이 중요한 지역 특성 변수로 등장하고 있다. 불균형발전이 심화되어 있는 우리나라의 실정에서 두뇌유출은 현실로 나타나고 있기에 이러한 결과는 지역차원의 인재육성과 더불어 지역내에서 양질의 취업기회를 통한 이들 인재의 확보를 위한 고려가 필요함을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국보건교육건강증진학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국보건교육건강증진학회 1999년도 3rd International Symposium
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• pp.149-163
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• 1999

네팔의 보건부산하 보건서비스부서에서는 5개년계획을 게우고 있으며, 지방에서 기본적인 보건의료서비스제공을 위한 주요 전략으로 일차보건의료사업을 하고 있다. 그러나 자유화 정책(Liberation policy)으로 인해 도시지역의 전문화된 서비스 개발, 인간자원 개발, 경영강화와 민간 및 대외 투자 등이 활발해졌다. 그러나 네팔은 아직도 높은 출산력, 영양결핍, 전염병, 높은 사망률 등을 겪고 있는 데 이는 조기결혼, 미신적인 전통신앙과 행동, 비위생적 생활, 빈곤, 문명, 감독과 모니터링의 결핍, 높은 인구밀도, 민간 및 대외활동에 더 많이 투자해야 하고; 인력개발 및 전문화된 서비스가 관리되어야 하며; 경영기술이 강화되고 이전사업의 평가를 통해 향후 사업수행상의 오류를 피할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 이러한 것들이 개선된다면 네필주민의 건강목표는 달성될 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.553-563
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of gender (male, female) and grip spans (45, 50, 60, 70, 80mm) on total grip strength, resultant force, finger force and subjective discomfort rating. Background: In order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, studies of hand tools need to be preceded based on grip strength, finger force, and subjective discomfort rating. However, experimental apparatus using tools such as pliers that reflect the actual work place was almost non-existent. Method: Fifty-Two (26 males and 26 females) participants were recruited from the student population. In this study, a pair of revised pliers, which can change grip span from 45 to 80mm was applied to estimate total grip strength, resultant force and individual finger forces. All participants were asked to exert a maximum grip force with three repetitions, and to report the subjective discomfort rating for five grip spans of pliers (45, 50, 60, 70, 80mm). Results: There were significant differences of total grip strength, resultant force, individual finger forces and subjective discomfort rating according to grip span. The lowest total grip strength was obtained from the grip span of 80mm for both genders. For resultant force, the highest resultant force was exerted at grip spans of 50, 60 and 70mm for females and 50 and 60mm for males. The lowest subjective discomfort rating was observed in the 50mm for both genders. Conclusion: Based on the result, 50mm and 60mm grip spans which provide the highest force and lowest discomfort rating might be recommendable for the male and female pliers users. Application: The findings of this study can provide guidelines on designing a hand tool to help to reduce hand-related musculoskeletal disorders and obtain better performance.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2015

출산율저하와 도시화로 취학인구가 감소하여 수많은 초등학교가 폐교되었으며, 현재 까지 절반 이상의 폐교는 미 활용되고 있다. 지역실정에 근거한 활용제안에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 중국 광시(廣西)성 계림지역에 기존 28개폐교를 대상으로 현지실측, 촬영, 방문을 통하여 조하하였으며, 폐교의 부지, 연면적, 구조, 교통조건, 공간구성, 노후화 등 재활용에 필요한 요소를 조사하였다. 소형교학점(작은 분교)은 벽지농촌에 위치하고, 작은 부지와 연면적, 'ㅡ'자형배치, 노후화 등의 특성이 있으며, 완전소학(본교)은 향진(鄕鎭)에 가깝고 큰 부지와 연면적, 다양한 배치형태, 좋은 문창과 외관 등의 특성이 있다. 교학점(분교)은 이상 2가지의 사이에 있다. 본 연구는 향후 폐교 활용, 교육시설, 사회학, 건축학영역 등 연구의 기초자료로 사용할 것이다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.142-158
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• 1991

1990년 1월 네팔의 돌칼 지역 주민 698명과 1990년 7월부터 8월까지의 한국의 청도 및 경주지역주민 417명을 대상을 불안-우울 통합척도를 사용하여 얻은 성적은 다음과 같다. 평균점은 네팔인이 $51.27{\pm}11.10$, 한국인이 $44.29{\pm}11.79$로 네팔인이 유의하게 높았다. 네팔인이 높게 평가한 상위의 항목들은 안절부절, 우울, 우려, 울음, 피로 순이었고 한국인이 높게 평가한 상위의 항목들은 피로, 수면장애, 불만, 현기증, 불안 순이었다. 양국민이 모두 연령이 증가할수록 불안 우울 성적이 유의하게 높았으며, 모두 힌두교인 네팔인은 교육정도가 낮을수록 성적이 유의하게 높았으나 한국인은 종교와 교육정도에 따라 유의한 차이는 없었다. 불안-우울 통합지수가 50점 이상인 경우는 네팔인이 51.6%, 한국인이 27.8%으로 네팔인이 한국인보다 유의하게 높았다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2012

본 연구는 2008년 환자조사 자료를 이용하여 위장질환과 충수염질환을 대상으로 지역간 입원의료이용의 변이정도와 양상을 파악하고, 변이 발생에 영향을 미치는 관련 요인을 분석한 후, 이를 기초로 변이를 최소화하여 의료 이용을 적정화 시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위해 수행하였다. Extremal Quotient(EQ)와 변이계수(CV) 지표를 사용하여 변이수준을 파악하였고, 다중회귀분석을 통해 입원의료이용의 차이에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인들을 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 위장질환의 소규모 지역별 성 연령 표준화에 따른 입원율의 경우 EQ 15.1, CV 0.4의 변이를 보였으며, 특히 농어촌 지역에서 변이 10대 상위군이 높은 분포를 나타냈다. 또한, 인구만명당 병상수, 의사수, 특수의료장비수에 따라 입원의료이용량이 통계적으로 유의한 양의 관계를 보였다. 둘째, 충수염질환에서는 EQ 12.41, CV 0.4를 나타냈고, 회귀분석을 통해 입원의료이용의 차이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과의 정책적인 함의로는 급성질환자의 입원의료이용의 형평성을 제고할 수 있도록 지역별 병상의 적정한 공급 관리와 효율적인 자원배분 및 의료서비스의 질적 차이를 감소시킬 수 있는 다각적인 정책 방안이 추진되어야 함을 시사해 준다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the organizational climate of the agricultural extension education agencies and its influence on their educators` attitude toward job in Korea. The specific objectives of the study were 1) to identify the educators` perception of the organizational climate in the agricultural extension education agencies, and 2) to determine whether or not the educators` perception of the organizational climate influnce on their attitude toward job. Organizational climate has bees defined by many scholars as the properties of the social psychological environment perceived by organization members. There are various theoretical interpretations offered by die scholas about the effect of organizational climate upon organization members` behavior. Through a series of the theoretical reviews, this study could draw more than twenty variables in four types of organizational climate which might be perceived by the educators of agricultural extension education agencies and might influence upon their attitude toward job. The data were collected mainly through questionnaires sent to the responsible officers for administering the questionnaires for all adult educators of 30 agricultural extension education agencies randomly sampled from the population of 190 agencies. After data cleaning, a total of 629 responded questionnaires were analyzed for the study. The statistical methods used in the study were percentile, correlation, one way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The two major findings of the study were as follows : 1. The organizational climate of agricultural extension education agencies were classified into four types : 1) democratic-autonomous, 2) cooperative-friendly, 3) achievement-oriented, and 4) bureaucratic-authoritarian. Among these of organizational climates, the cooperative-friendly one was most positively but the bureaucratic-authoritarian one was least positively perceived by the educators. 2. The educators` potion of the organizational climate and their attitude toward job were significantly correlated. The educators` perception of the organizational climate explained 41 percent of the variance of their attitude toward job in a multiple regression analysis In particular, the perception of the achievement oriented type of the organizational climates alone explained 34 percent of the variance of the favorable attitude.