• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.47-61
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• 2005

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between consumption of sweet drinks and foods with accompanying oral hygiene health behaviors, and their condition of oral hygiene rural residents who are expected to have relatively poor oral hygiene compared to their urban counterparts. Methods: The 384 subjects, who are aged over 40 and have taken dental examination by dentists in health branches in 6 Myouns, Kongju city, Chungchongnamdo Province during the period between June 1st through 31st, 2004, were asked about dental health behaviors and subjective symptoms using questionnaires. Results and Conclusions: Based on dental health behavior according to sweet beverage and food, the dental health behavior was desirable in both sexes for 'almost daily drink' concerning sweet beverages and 'almost never eat' concerning sweet food, with no statistical significance. As for oral conditions, the groups who responded to 'almost daily drink/eat' for sweet beverages and food had the highest rate of non-treated teeth, lost teeth, DMFT and CPITN, with no statistical significance. Multiple logistic regression analysis with the consumption frequency of sweet foods as explanatory variables and 5 factors of oral conditions as dependent variables, revealed that there was no statistical significance in the oral conditions according to the consumption frequency of sweet drinks while, as for sweet drinks, there was a significant difference to the group who answered as 'occasional gum bleeding' in the case of 'almost daily eat.' responders(OR= 2.33, 95% CI=1.42-3.81, p<0.05).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1984

This research was done to gain the health information in one of the target areas(rural area) of the Korea University Community Health Project, and to improve and standardize the methodology of the health interview survey. There were two types of questions;one was the simple open-ended question and the other was check list in the interview survey for a total of 1,406 inhabitants. And so the result obtained from the above survey was analysed. The results as follows; 1) The morbidity rate in general was 11.2% by simple open-ended question and 32.5% by check list during recent 20 days in interview method. 2) Women had higher morbidity rate in both kinds of method. 3) The most prevalent diseases in the interview method using check list were the ones of the musculo-skeletal system and connective tissue (22.5%), and diseases of the respiratory system (19.8%) and digestive system (13.7%) were in order of frequency. 4) By the position in the family, housewives had highest morbidity rate in the interview method unrespectedly, and the reason seemed that the respondents were houseweives themselves and the morbidity rate was the one by spell not by person. But morbidity rate by the socio-economic status had no significant difference in both methods. 5) The agreement rate on simple open-ended question and check list was 72.5%, but if limiting respondents themselves only, the rate was falled to 54%. 6) The morbidities were diverse in the review of the results of previous morbidity surveies, but the morbidity rate was higher and less variable in case of using check list and getting the replies individually than using simple open-ended question and proxy respondents.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The present study was undertaken to investigate the infection status of Cryptosporidium parvum in the villagers and the reservoir hosts in several rural areas in Korea. A total 5,262 fecal samples were collected from the inhabitants residing at Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do between the dates of September, 2001 to June, 2002. In addition, 1,453 fecal samples were collected from livestock reared in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do and Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do. All the fecal smears were prepared by formalin-ether sedimentation, and examined by light microscopy after modified acid-fast staining. The overall positive rate of human cryptosporidiosis was 3.3%. Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do showed a 8.2% positive rate and appeared as the highest endemic area among the surveyed areas. Haman-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do showed a 0.4% positive rate and was the lowest endemic area. The positive rate of livestock infection in Gokseong-gun, Jeollanam-do was 94%, which was more than ten times higher than that of Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (9.3%). From these results, it was revealed that cryptosporidiosis was an endemic disease in some rural areas of Korea, and the livestock could be an important source of human infection.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.47-55
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• 2001

For several years by discussion and research, the designing plan and detail plans of year 2000 has been unified. By this result the District Standard Planning as well as the following existing town to control all sorts of living surrounding problems and to make a delightful arranged town are the purpose, which is carrying out all over the country. It is true that the expectation was high to the District Standard Planning. Because of this plan it could use and control the District special quality. Such as, it could rise the ability of beautiful sight and make a advisable town. But in this study the first preceding subject is a problem by the constructing work that the restriction and the standard application has been strong. So the District Standard Planning had many problems. And also by the problems here, as a immoderate volition and stiffen about the operation, the system and equipment lack about the environment improving work, problems with areas by the exciting plannings, the attitude of the executive agency that can't accept the inhabitants will. From these backgrounds we thought the research has not to be standardize in only newtown concept, but has to breath with the exciting towns and the rural areas that the District Planning has been applied. And to revive the special quality of the area and local government by a positive and logical research. Consequently in this study, we researched about the problems of architectures that had issues with the District Standard Planning of architectural part of operation guide which has been assisted form Single-Detached House in Eomsa District Dooma-Myun Nonsan which is located in Chungnam province.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1985

To evaluate the parasitic infection rates among inhabitants in urban area of Seoul, Korea, a total of 5,275 stool and anal swab specimens was obtained from 2,527 male and Z,748 female living in 24 Dongs of 17 Kus. Cases were sampled randomely to represent 1,000 inhabitants refereed to the census in 1980. The methods employed were formalin ether technique to detect helminth ova and protozoan cysts and scotch tape anal swab technique to detect eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1) Total positive rate of helminthes was 23.5% among 5,275 (male 22.5% and female 24.5%) specimens. Nine kinds of the helminthes were detected and infection rates of each helminth were; Ascaris lumbricoides 4.1%, Hookworm 0.1%, Trichuris trichiura 11.1%, Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.1%. Clonorchis sinensis 1.2%, Metagonimus yokogawai 0.1%, Taenia spp. 0.2%, Hymenolepis nana 0.3 and Enterobius vermicularis 9.6%. 2) Total positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 1.4%. Four kinds of the protozoan cysts were detected and the infection rates of each protozoa were; Entamoeba histolytica 0.15%, E. coli 0.4%, Endolimax nana 0.04% and Giardia lamblia 0.89%. 3) No significant differences in the parasitic infection rate by sex was noticed although male group showed lower infection rate than female group. However the incidence of C. sinensis, M. yokogawai and Taenia spp. was twice as much in female group as in male group. 4) No difference in the infection rate by age was found although E. vermicularis positive rate was highest in "0~9 years group" by 2.1% and C. sinensis infection rate was higher in over "30~39 years group". The parasitic infection rate of the present study was significantly lower than those of previous reports in Seoul area and other provinces.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence rate of Taenia species infection and distribution of taeniasis caused by Taenia solium among Koreans in Seoul and Cheju Do In Korea during the period from August to December 1984. A total of 4,256 stool specimens from the students of Mapo Ku and 360 stool specimens from the inhabitants of Guro-Ku in Seoul was collected and examined by cellophane thick smear technique. On the other hand 1,015 stool specimens from the students of Jocheon Myun and 265 specimens from the students of Jocheon Myun and 265 specimens from the inhabitants of Aeweol Myun and Gujwa Myun in Cheju Do were also examined. The results were summarized as follows ; Four (0.1%) out of 4.256 students were positive and 2 (0.6%) out of 360 inhabitants in Seoul were positive (Table 1, 2). Positive rates of taeniasis in Cheju Do were 1.7% (17) out of 1,015 students and 12.5% (33) out of 5 villagers (Table 3, 4). In order to observe the distribution of Taenia solium infection, the scolex or a part of Taenia spp. were collected from the stool of positive cases by anthelmintic treatment. For the species identification, expelled proglottides were examined microscopically by the number of branches of the uterus, presence of vaginal sphincter or the accessory ovarian lobe etc. Three cases were infected with Taenia solium among 6 egg positive cases in Seoul. But only 1 case was infected with Taenia solium out of 7 students taking anthelmintics voluntarily by recommendation of Korean Association for Parasite Eradication (KAFPE). On the other hand, among 32 cases of egg positive cases of this study and 26 cases of KAFPE in Cheju Do, 13 cases (22.4%) were infected with Taenia solium. But 13 cases who were not examined and complained expulsion of proglottides in their stool were infected with Taenia saginata (Table 5). Among 62 persons infected with Taenia saginata, only 4 cases did not know their infection of this worm. Rut in 17 cases with Taenia solium, 7 persons did not know their infection until stool examinations were performed (Table 6).

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1988

It is very important to supply safe drinking water for rural area not only a prevention of entric diseases but also a promotion of health life. It is estimated that 6,981,000 rural inhabitants were covered by the simple piped water supply system at the end of 1987 in Korea. The programme for improvement of water supply system in rural villages was initiated by the government since 1967. But most of these systems have been operated carelessly by the hands of villagers who have no proper knowledge and experience. Since most of water sources were located nearby farmland, there might be a possibility that the sources could be contaminated by pesticides and fertilizers. For this reason, it is recommended to take underground water as a water source rather than surface water such as a pond or streamwater in rural areas. However, the system is supplied from the surface water, its water quality can be improved by using of simple sand filter and simple chlorinator inexpensively. On the basis of an on-site study, conducted during 1986-87, in San-Buk Village, Keum-Sa-Myon, Yeju-Gun, Kyong-Gi-Do, the new simple piped water supply system was designed by the Institute for Environmental Research, Yonsei University, and constructed by the villagers themselves in September 1987. This simple system which is protected by metal fences consists of three main parts, pump house, vertical sand filter and water tank. The pumped water from underground flows into the upper part of the sand filter, through the sand, and out the water tank which is connected to the bottom of vertical filter. And the simple plastic-bottle chlorinator was installed in the water tank for chlorination. The water quality was remarkably improved after completion of construction. The total bacterial count was not detected from the tap water in households distributed by this simple piped water supply system. The construction cost of this system which was connected 34 households in San-Buk Village, was 4,851,000 won (approximately 6,020 U.S. dollars : 1$=805.8 won) in 1987,77% of expenses was supported by the Community Development Foundation in Korea. This case study for simple piped water supply projects will be applicable to other programme for improvement of water supply system in rural areas of Korea, and other developing countries.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 1983

The epidemiological relationship between the current prevalence and monthly reinfection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was observed in rural communities in Korea by means of blanket mass chemotherapy and worm collection for measurement of the prevalence and reinfection rates. During the period from 1975 to 1980, a total of 4,466 inhabitants in 10 different localities were treated with 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate and 2 days' whole stools were collected from 2,547 inhabitants. The stools were examined for the presence of expelled adult and/or young worms, which represent the prevalence and reinfection rates for past 2 months respectively. After then, the obtained rates were correlated each other applying the timeprevalence curve proposed by Hayashi. It was observed that the prevalence (overall worm positive rate) and worm burden per individual ranged by areas from 13. 6 to 72. 3% and 1.4~10. 2 respectively. The calculated monthly reinfection rates (X) (from young worm positive rates) according to areas were in the range, 2.6~16.2%, and clearly correlated with the current prevalence (Y) under the equation, $Y=1-(l-X)^{7.2}$ where 7.2 is time in month. The equation means that after one time mass chemotherapy the period needed to attain equilibrium of prevalence again would be about 7~8 months. And it is inferred that the majority of reinfected worms in human host turn over every 7~8 months.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1986

In order to observe the infestation rate and intensity of C. sinensis in Yeoju Eup, Kyung-gi Do, 9,512 stool specimens were collected from the inhabitants through student's helps. The specimens were examined by cellophane thick smear technique and Stoll's egg dilution technique. The epidemiological status was analysed statistically by the regession equation and catalytic curve with the results obtained from this area. The results are as follows: 1) Collection rate oft he stool samples was 66.5%, 9.512 out of 14,300 inhabintants complied with our survey. 2) The infestation rate of C.sinensis was 5.0%, and for male 7.8%, for female 2.3%. 3) Average E.P.G. by Stoll's egg dilution technique in this area was 1,572, and for male 1,853, for female 676. 4) The degree of the intensity of C. sinensis infection by E.P.G. count was distributed as 65.2% in light infection, 32.0 % in moderate infection, 2.8% in heavy infection and none in very heavy infection. 5) The intensity of endemicity in this area was represented with the regression equation calculated with cumulative percentages of E.P.G. counts. Regression equation was y=3.887+1.695 log x and Cs. $D_{50}$ was 4.54. 6) The two-stage catalytic model was applied and the calculation lead to the equation $y=0.267(e^{-0.004t}-e^{-0.019t})$; a=0.004 < b=0.019. 7) Other helminthic infection rate in this area was 1.4% in A.lumbricoides 2.7% in T. trichiura, 1.6% in M. yokogawai md 0.2% in Taenia sp. respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.241-246
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• 1985

The epidemiological status of ascariasis was analyzed in 8 rural villages in Korea, through observation of its epidemiological parameters such as prevalence, worm burden and basic reproductive rate. Total 978 inhabitants were subjected to stool examination and recovery of worms after chemotherapy with pyrantel pamoate. The results were as follows: 1. The worm positive rate in each village was 16.5~79.5%, while the egg positive rate was 9~18% lower, 3.3~66.7%. The average worm burden (among all inhabitants) ranged from O. 21 to 8. 44 by villages and the frequency of cases with each worm burden showed negative binomial distributions with 'k' values of O. 38-0. 54. 2. The prevalence rates (worm) in each village was almost identical with the theoretical ones from Anderson and May's equation; $p=1-(1+M^*/k)^{-k}$, where 'p' is worm prevalence and '$M^*$' equilibrium average worm burden. The basic reproductive rate 'R' was calculated from 1.03 to 2.11. lt is suggested that, although 'R' in lower endemic areas is approaching to the breakpoint of reinfection (R=1), control programs of ascariasis in Korea should be continued until it becomes below the level nationwidely.