• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 1991

In Korea, small-scale reclaimed areas have been suffering from many problems because of the lack of comprehensive developing strategy although considerable investments have been inputed by the public sector since 1970's. For 3 reclaimed sites in Chonnam Province choser as case study areas, the analysis, the second attempt of widely-spanned studies on areal conditions, concentrated on their farming and economic conditions. Its results were as follows ; 1. Although farming pattern has been transferred to the full4ime rice cropping type by the creation of reclaimed paddy field, farming size in the areas has not been increased more than that in existing agricultural areas. This means that agricultural planning should be included in the initial stage of reclamation projects, especially with reference to the substantial enlargement of farming size. 2. Block parcelling of severely fragmented holdings in new and old lands should be carried out, which can make farming activities efficient and farming route shortened. In large-scale reclaimed areas, new village planning could be considered in its central zone for efficent farming. 3. Because soil in the areas contains much more salt and water than that in other areas, new design methodology should be introduced for the efficient use of agricultural machines in reclaimed areas. 4. There are deep-seated economic problems in reclaimed area, which have been caused by very poor level and agriculturally dominated structure of household income. These problems should motivate farmers to give up positive action for qualitative and quantitative improvement in farming.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.44-60
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• 1981

In Korea, the position of health among the sectors of everyday life lies behind the others. The inhabitants don't consider health so important and immediate as food and shelter. Primarily, it seemed more important for them to eat something and to educate their children than to secure health. Under this situations we must take into consideration their health status and health problems in terms of the social system. Health cannot be maintaned by itself. It inter acts with a set of social conditions such as income, knowledge about health, health institution, health insurance, social class, culture and etc. But the community health projects which have carried out in Korea since the beginning of 1970s focused mainly on the medical care and medical delivery itself regardless the background of health care. According to the existing results of socio-epidemiological and medico-sociological researches, a set of social conditions has a great effect on the inhabitants' health status and health care. So, such conditions will be considered primarily in Korea University Health Project. This paper is prepared as a preliminary step for such a program. In this paper we mainly inquired into the relationship between health and the attitudes of inhabitants.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 1992

In order to estimate the pattern of medical care utilization and recognition for health factor among the inhabitants in Wan-do district which is located off the southern seashore from mainland Korea, household interview survey was performed from January 15 to 30, 1990 in Wan-do Gun area. The results observed were following: 1. Among the users of medical facilities 40.8% used public health facility as first contact facility. Lower the income level was and longer the residency duration was, the utilization rate of public health facilities was higher. By age groups and medical security status the utilization pattern was likely to disperse to local clinic and secondary contact medical resources. 2. Medical expense and access time were significantly different between primary contact and secondary contact medical resources. 3. Public health facility was recognized as the favoured institute having advantage of geographic and economic accessibility. 4. Statistically significant determinants in public health facility utilization among total medical service were the region, the medical expense, and the access time.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 1992

In order to estimate the level of illness and the pattern of 2 week - prevalence of morbidity by demographic and socioeconomic factors among the inhabitants in Wando district which is located off the southern seashore from mainland Korea, the household interview survey was performed to the sample population selected by stratified proportional random sampling method from January 15 to 30, 1990 in Wan-do Gun, Chonnam province. The data were collected from 5,134 family members of 1,234 households which were 5.2% of total households of the area. The results observed were following: 1. The 2 week-prevalence was 12.1%. 2. There was no significant difference of 2 week-prevalence between male and female, and that was higher in lower income group and longer duration of residence group and larger number of household group.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.285-300
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• 1996

This study is aimed to provide data of low-input rice cultivation for agricultural policy, to reveal the problems of low-input cultivation through comparing the economic result of low-input cultivation with the common one, to search for solution or mitigation of the problems of low-input cultivation, and to forecast the future prospect of low-input rice cultivation. The following were the results obtained from the survey and analysis. The working hours per 10a inputted 45.4 hours which is 32% more than 34.5 hours of common cultivation. Yield per 10a was 355kg which was 101kg less than 456kg of common cultivation. But the farm received price per kg was 1,984.9 won which was 547.9 won more than 1,436.5 won of common cultivation. Gross receipts per 10a was 704,438 won which was higher than 655,044 won of common cultivation, and management cost was 230,820 won which slightly higher than 188,157 won of common cultivation. Consequently, the income of low-input rice cultivation was 473,617 won which somewhat exceed to 466,887 won of common cultivation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.499-507
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• 2018

Agricultural meteorological information is an important resource that affects farmers' income, food security, and agricultural conditions. Thus, such data are used in various fields that are responsible for planning, enforcing, and evaluating agricultural policies. The meteorological information obtained from automatic weather observation systems operated by rural development agencies contains missing values owing to temporary mechanical or communication deficiencies. It is known that missing values lead to reduction in the reliability and validity of the model. In this study, the hierarchical Bayesian spatio-temporal model suggests replacements for missing values because the meteorological information includes spatio-temporal correlation. The prior distribution is very important in the Bayesian approach. However, we found a problem where the spatial decay parameter was not converged through the trace plot. A suitable spatial decay parameter, estimated on the bias of root-mean-square error (RMSE), which was determined to be the difference between the predicted and observed values. The latitude, longitude, and altitude were considered as covariates. The estimated spatial decay parameters were 0.041 and 0.039, for the spatio-temporal model with latitude and longitude and for latitude, longitude, and altitude, respectively. The posterior distributions were stable after the spatial decay parameter was fixed. root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias were calculated for model validation. Finally, the missing values were generated using the independent Gaussian process model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

Due to urbanization and industrialization, the population of rural areas has sharply decreased, and the social phenomena of low fertility and aging have occurred due to many factors such as the spread of individualism and single-person households derived from urbanization and economic growth. In order to cope with the low birth rate and the aged society, the Korean government has invested 152.1 trillion won from 2006 to 2015 and to proceeded total 231 projects in 3 different areas including the low fertility(95 projects), the aged society(78 projects), and the growth momentum(58 projects). Among the social problems caused by the low birth rate and the aged society, there have been not enough studies on the closed schools which will result from the social phenomenon of decreases in the school age population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current extent of utilizing closed schools in Korea, to derive some types based on the analysis, and to provide basic data on the use of closed schools in Korea in the future. The types of closed schools can be classified into education facilities, social welfare facilities, cultural facilities, public sports facilities, income growing facilities, and others. Based on the classification, the analyses of the characteristics of each type for the facilities are presented.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

Sudan is the largest country in Africa with an area of $2,505,810km^2$, of water constitutes $129,810km^2$, and cultivable land is 34%. Sudan has a total land boundary of 7,687 km with 9 border countries. This vast country embraces different vegetation patterns reflecting various climatic zones, grading from tropical rain forests in the south through semi-tropical savannah to arid zone in the extreme north, with annual rainfall ranging from 1,600 mm in the south to 25 mm in the north. The aquaculture industry is not developed as yet. Because of their basic characteristics, the Sudan inland and marine capture fisheries are of a small-scale and semi-industrial nature. The demand for fish and fish preparations is growing steadily. The animal resources sector (which includes fisheries) contributes 21% of Sudan GDP. The contribution of fisheries to Sudanese GDP is currently marginal. The per caput supply is only 1.6 kg/year, which is mostly obtained by capture fish landings. Despite the fact that fisheries GDP is extremely low, fish and fish preparations contribute to the food security of a wide sector of the rural and urban communities. Fisheries also provide work opportunities in the form of secondary employment as a source of income that indirectly contributes to household food security.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1999

To examine the relationship between the casual infection of gastric cancer and lifestyle and nutritional status we surveyed 169 persons 90 females and 79 males aged 40∼69 years from June 7 to June 14 1997 in Whachon area Kang-Won Do Korea. For this purpose we investigated Helicobacter pylori infec-tion and identified the effect of sex age, smoking alcohol consumption economic status occupation life-style and food intake on Helicobacter phlori infection. Helicobacter pylori status was evaluated using an en-zyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) for anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(IgG). Helicob-acter pylori infection was present in 66.3% of total subjects namely 67.7% of female and 64.4% of male and its prevalence increased with smoking low education level and low monthly income. Energy total protein calcium and vitamin C intakes in the negative Helicobacgter phlori infection group were higher than those in positive Helicobacter pylori infection group. However iron and niacin intakes were lower in the helicobacter pylori negative group than in the positive group.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.749-758
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• 2017

This study investigated the needs to improve the quality of foodservice management in community child centers (CCCs), in accordance to the area where the CCC was located. The people in charge of foodservice management of 466 community child centers undertook a web survey, between July to August 2016. Most centers used menus from the Headquarters of Community Child Center (50.0%) or Center for Children's Foodservice Management (34.1%). Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to assess the requirement for improving the quality of foodservice management at the CCCs. Four factors were analyzed: 'food material and facility management', 'administration management', 'menu management', and 'human resources management'. In large cities, 'administration management' and 'menu management' were found to affect quality improvement. In small cities, none of the factors assessed were effective in improvement. 'human resources management' had a significant influence on improving the quality of the foodservice in rural areas. The results of this study show that there was a difference in the quality improvement of the foodservice management in the centers, with respect to the location of the center. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data to establish the support policy for improving the quality of foodservice management in community child centers.