• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the recovery time of biochemical changes of body after half-course marathon running. Materials and methods: Thirteen amateur half course marathon runners (12 males and 1 females) were studied. Their average age was 44 years old (range: $38{\sim}54$). Biochemical parameters with blood test including AST, ALT, CK-MB, Treponin, BUN, Cr Na, K were evaluated at finish line, 2nd days, 2nd weeks after running. Results: All the biochemical changes were within normal range throughout recovery time, AST reached its maximum level at finish line and continued until 2nd day after running and returned its pre-running level at 2nd week's test. CK-MB reached its maximum level 2nd day after running and recovered at 2nd week's test. Na, K, BUN and Cr reached to the maximum level at finish line, and recovered to pre-running level at 2nd day's test. Conclusion: In case of half-course marathon, the changes of the kidney enzymes due to dehydration were recovered after 2nd day. And the biochemical indicators of muscle fatigue recovered after 2nd week. It needs at least 2 weeks rest after half-course marathon to recover all the biochemical parameter of the body.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed retrospectively to evaluate clinical outcomes of distal metatarsal osteotomy using bio-compression screw as the joint preservation method for advanced hallux rigidus. Materials and Methods: Eleven cases were followed up for more than 1 year after distal metatarsal dorsal wedge osteotomy for advanced hallux rigidus. The clinical evaluation was performed according to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and patient's satisfaction score. The range of motion, and the period to return to running exercise, tip-toeing gait, squatting, walking down the stairs were evaluated. As the radiographic evaluation, the interval of $1^{st}$ MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joint space and the period to union were measured. Results: The AOFAS hallux score had improved significantly from preoperative average 50.7 points to 87.6 points at the last follow-up (p=0.005). The subjective satisfaction score was average 90.6 points. There were no case of subsequent fusion or additional operation, and no complication associated with bio-compression screw. The period to return to running exercise, tip-toeing gait, squatting, walking down the stairs were average of 24.8 weeks, 20.4 weeks, 16.8 weeks, 18.5 weeks respectively. Dorsiflexion of $1^{st}$ MTP joint had improved significantly from preoperative average $17.5^{\circ}$ to $44^{\circ}$ (p<0.001). All cases achieved union of osteotomy site, and the period to union was average 10.4 weeks. The interval of $1^{st}$ MTP joint space had improved significantly from preoperative average 1.2 mm to 3.5 mm (p=0.014). Conclusion: Distal metatarsal osteotomy using bio-compression screw seems to be one of effective treatment methods for advanced hallux rigidus, because of restoration of the first MTP joint motion, and reliable pain relief, and needlessness of hardware removal.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.979-985
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• 1997

The three-dimensional particle packing process is simulated using Lahey FORTRAN 90 as a programming language running on a personal computer. Particle clusters constructed with rearrangement which occurs during packing have higher average coordination number and packing density than particle clusters rearranged after packing. Rearranging particles can not completely block other particles from entering pore volume in 3-dimensional packing unlike in 2-dimensional packing. It is found that there is a region of instability where lower packing density results from the destruction of the ordered packing.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2003

In this research, we seek the beginning of the speech and detect the stationary speech region using lip information. Performing running average of the estimated speech signal in the stationary region, we reduce the effect of musical noise which is inherent to the conventional MlMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) speech enhancement algorithm. In addition to it, SFM (Spectral Flatness Measure) is incorporated to reduce the speech signal estimation error due to speaking habit and some lacking lip information. The proposed algorithm with Wiener filtering shows the superior performance to the conventional methods according to MOS (Mean Opinion Score) test.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.471-479
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• 2003

Moving averages are the most popular statistics in analyzing time-series data like stock indices. However, moving averages are quite sensitive to unusual observations. In other words, they are not robust against unusual observations. We introduce the moving averages in terms of an M-estimator, and show how we can take advantages of using the proposed moving averages in fitting the data more than usual moving averages.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.603-608
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• 2002

Sound absorbing materials are applied to the exposed surfaces of curved subway tunnel for the reduction of curving noise level. Before the treatment, acoustical engineering simulation is performed to predict the noise level reduction for different kinds and amounts of absorbing material. The principle of geometrical acoustics is utilized to Peform the simulation efficiently and accurately. The noise levels of the inside and outside of running car body are measured to find the noise level reduction. The average noise level reduction of 8 ㏈ has been attained. It has been shown that the simulated results are comparable to the measured ones.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.589-600
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a new incremental gradient method for solving a regularized minimization problem whose objective is the sum of m smooth functions and a (possibly nonsmooth) convex function. This method uses an adaptive stepsize. Recently proposed incremental gradient methods for a regularized minimization problem need O(mn) storage, where n is the number of variables. This is the drawback of them. But, the proposed new incremental gradient method requires only O(n) storage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.587-600
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• 2016

Purpose: This paper evaluates the performance of the pre-control(PC), an alternative to statistical process control techniques and compares with a control chart considering the tolerance of process. Methods: The previous studies for PC have drawbacks that PC with two linked stages, qualification and running, are discussed separately and independently. Hence this paper analyzes the performance of PC by integrating two stages. Results: Average outgoing quality limits to grasp the outcome of PC are provided by computational results for two process capability indexes, $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$ and the usefulness of PC from comparative experiments with modified control charts is commented. Conclusion: Helpful guidelines for quality managers to apply PC in practice and areas of process for PC to be more benefit are presented.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.53-58
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• 2005

We designed a weld monitoring system with UV and IR sensors using a embedded DSP controller for implementing a distribution system; running stand alone and communication with outside by industrial standard protocols. Also this system provided a USB port in order to be acquiring data in PC. The user interface program in PC visualized the IR and W data in time, frequency and state space. A correlation of IR and UV signals showed closely related to weld quality. A rapid change of geometry can be found through a moving average filter. And the average value of IR signal at an interval represented a welding width and depth. Through these results, we proposed a monitoring algorithm for a integer type DSP.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1475-1480
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• 2014

This article analyzes the academic achievement of students who entered A university from 2011 to 2012 using grade point average (GPA). The purpose of this analysis is to find the relationship between admission factors and academic achievement. Contrary to our expectation, GPA of student selected from KSAT is higher than that of selected from CSAT. So, designing and running university entrance type, it is necessary to consider admission factors deliberately.