• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1345-1353
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary rapeseed meal (RSM) on growth performance, blood profiles, nutrient digestibility and economic benefit of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs ($[Yorkshire{\times}Landrace]{\times}Duroc$) with an initial body weight (BW) $29.94{\pm}0.06kg$ were used in this experiment. Pigs were randomly allotted into 1 of 5 treatments in a randomized complete block design and 6 replicates with 4 pigs per pen. Treatments were divided by dietary RSM supplementation levels (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12%) in growing-finishing diets. A linear decrease (p<0.05) of BW and average daily gain (ADG) were observed at 13th wk of finishing and overall periods of pigs. Additionally, gain-to-feed ratio (G/F) tended to decrease by dietary RSM supplementation in growing-finishing diets (linear, p = 0.07 and quadratic, p = 0.08). Concentrations of serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine were not influenced by dietary RSM treatments whereas thyroid gland and liver weight were increased at 13th wk of finishing period (linear, p<0.05; p<0.01) by increasing dietary RSM supplementation level. In blood profiles, serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not differed by dietary treatments at 13th wk of finishing period whereas concentration of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol was affected by the supplementation level of RSM, resulting in a linear RSM level responses (p<0.05). Serum blood urea nitrogen concentration tended to decrease (linear, p = 0.07; p = 0.08) at 6th wk of growing and 13th wk of finishing periods and digestibility of dry matter tended to decrease by dietary RSM (linear, p = 0.09). Crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen retention, whereas, were not affected by dietary RSM supplementation level. In the economic analysis, feed cost per weight gain was numerically decreased when RSM was provided up to 9%. Consequently, RSM could be supplemented to growing-finishing diets up to 9% ($3.07{\mu}mol/g\;Gls$) without detrimental effects on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

응답면기법(RSM, Response surface method)은 복잡한 구조물의 매우 작은 발생확률이나 신뢰성해 석에서 폭넓게 사용된다. MCS(Monte-Carlo Simulation)방법은 어떤 시스템의 평가에서도 사용될 수 있으나 해석시간이 파괴확률의 역수에 비례하게 되어 발생확률이 매우 희박한 시스템의 평가에 불리하다. 확률유한요소해석법은 이러한 MCS의 한계점을 해결해 줄 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 평균과 표준편차 등이 모델링 (내부 프로그래밍)된 특별한 프로그램에서만 적용 가능하며 임의의 범용소프트웨어의 응답을 모델링하거나 임의의 프로그램의 특성을 이용할 수가 없다. RSM방법은 복잡한 구조시스템에서 응답에 대한 회귀모델을 구성하여 효율적인 해석단계를 통해 시간과 노력을 획기적으로 절감시킬 수 있다. 그러나 RSM의 정확도는 한계상태방정식의 선형성과 축점간의 거리에 영향을 받게 된다. 이런 단점을 해결하기 위해 한계상태방정식의 선형성과 무관하게 정확한 수렴해를 구하기 위한 개선된 적응적 응답면기법을 개발하고 선형과 2차형식의 응답면방정식에 대한 2가지 예를 들어 검증하였다. 검증결과 가장 효율적인 RSM기법을 결정하였다. 개발된 선형적응적가중응답 면기법 (linear adaptive weighted response surface method, LAW-RSM)은 비적응적이거나 비가중형식의 2차 RSM기법에 비해서 정해의 신뢰성지수에 가장 근접한 정확성과 수렴성을 나타낸다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1020-1024
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• 2003

Five barrows (average initial body weight 58.6 kg) were used to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of amino acids, DM, N and energy in various soybean meal, rapeseed meal and coconut meal in finishing pigs. Dietary treatments included 1) KSBM (Korean soybean meal), 2) CSBM (Chinese soybean meal), 3) ASBM (Argentine soybean meal), 4) RSM (Rapeseed meal), and 5) CNM (Coconut meal). The diets were corn starch-based and formulated so that each protein source provided the same amount of total ME (3,490 kcal/kg), CP (15.70%), lysine (1.00%), Ca (0.80%) and P (0.60%). Protein content of the KSBM was higher than the CSBM and ASBM, with all values similar to those expected, and protein content of the CNM was lower than that of the SBM preparation and RSM. Apparent ileal digestibilities of histidine, lysine, threonine, alanine, asparatic acid, cystine, glutamic acid and serine were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). Also, the apparent ileal digestibilities of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and tyrosine were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Overall, the apparent ileal digestibilities of total essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05), and the apparent ileal digestibilities of total non essential amino acids were greater for the KSBM, CSBM, ASBM and RSM than for the CNM (p<0.05). No difference (p>0.05) in apparent digestibility of DM at the small intestine was observed among the treatments. However, the apparent digestibility of DM at the total tract was greater for the KSBM than for the CSBM, ASBM, RSM and CNM (p<0.05). Also, apparent digestibilities of N and digestible energy at the small intestine and total tract were greater for the KSBM than for the RSM and CNM (p<0.05). In conclusion, nutrient digestibility values of SBM preparations and RSM were relatively high compared to CNM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1354-1360
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• 2006

Maize-soybean meal diets with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg double zero rapeseed meal ('00' RSM) with and without an enzyme mixture (xylanase, pectinase, cellulase) at a level of 1.6 g/kg were evaluated with 624 day-old broiler chicks for 5 weeks. The birds were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with three replicates of 26 birds each. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake (FI) were recorded weekly and ileal viscosity, organ weights, serum enzyme activity, hormonal profile and hematological parameters were measured at the end of week 5. Average daily gain during the weekly periods was significantly influenced by the dietary level of '00'RSM (p<0.01). Inclusion of '00' RSM improved the ADG up to day 28 with the increased level; beyond that time no improvement was recorded when compared to control groups. However, ADG from 1-35 days was significantly different between 300 g/kg inclusion level of '00' RSM and the control diet. Inconsistent decline in feed intake and feed conversion ratio was observed up to day 21 and the trend was reversed thereafter. The proportion of '00' RSM in the diet had a significant ($p{\leq}0.05$) influence on thyroid weight but had no effect on the relative weights of liver and heart, serum enzyme activities (${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase), thyroid hormones ($T_3$ and $T_4$), hemoglobin level and hematocrit. Significant improvement in ADG was recorded during the 2nd week of age with the addition of enzyme, whereas for all other periods, including the whole period of the trial, higher but non-significant ADG was observed. FI and FCR were not affected by the addition of enzyme but there was a numerical reduction in FCR during the whole period. The addition of enzyme reduced the ileal viscosity at all levels of '00' RSM inclusion. The results suggest that '00' RSM can be included up to 300 g/kg in broiler diets without any adverse effects on health and performance. The addition of commercial enzyme mixture containing xylanase, pectinase, cellulase to broiler diets containing '00'RSM has some effect on growth rate and feed conversion efficiency.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.32-36
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• 2004

We have previously isolated three synthetic lethal mutants from Schizosaccharomyces pombe in order to identify mutations in the genes that are functionally linked to spmex67 with respect to mRNA export. A novel rsm1 gene was isolated by complementation of the growth defect in one of the synthetic lethal mutants, SLMex1. The rsml gene contains no introns and encodes a 296 amino-add-long protein with the RING finger domain, a C3HC4 in the N-terminal half. The Δrsm1 null mutant is viable, but it showed a slight poly(A)$\^$＋/ RNA accumulation in the nucleus. Also, the combination of Δrsm1 and Δspmex67 mutations confers synthetic lethality that is accompanied by the severe poly(A)$\^$＋/ RNA export defect. These results suggest that rsm1 is involved in mRNA export from the nucleus.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.729-739
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• 2011

Objectives : It is important to catch individual characteristics by measuring the level of self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge, attitudes to increase behavior levels in the radiation safety management(RSM) and we consider this should be applied to the professional program development to improve RSM activities of dental hygienist and students at department of dental hygiene. Methods : This study mentioned mainly self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge, attitudes for dental hygienists and the second & third year students at department of dental hygiene in Pusan area to provide the correct information associated with the use of radiation and to be aid in the development program to increase behavior levels in the RSM in dental care institutions and schools in the future and performed a survey 8 May to 7 Juiy, 2011. The survey results were as follows Results : 1. The results of self-efficacy is $3.53{\pm}0.42$ points for the dental hygienist and $3.32{\pm}0.40$ points for students(p<0.001). 2. According to the knowledge level of RSM, the result is $11.7{\pm}3.12$ points for the dental hygienist and $9.56{\pm}2.72$ points for students(p<0.001). 3. According to the knowledge level of RSM, the result is $4.40{\pm}0.49$ points for the dental hygienist and $4.22{\pm}0.56$ points for students(p<0.001). 4. According to relationship among self-efficacy, radiation safety knowledge and attitudes, the higher the score for knowledge of RSM was, the higher the score for self-efficacy was. The higher the score for attitudes was, the higher the score for self-efficacy and knowledge was(p<0.01). 5. The factors to affect attitudes about RSM were self-efficacy, knowledge(p<0.01).

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2002

본 논문은 직접토크제어(Direct torque control, DTC)를 사용한 릴럭턴스 동기전동기(Reluctance synchronous motor, RSM)의 위치센서 없는 모션제어 시스템을 제안한다. 고성능 효율제어를 수행하는데 있어서 DTC를 이용한 릴럭턴스 전동기 드라이브는 고정자 쇄교자속의 포화와 부하전류에 따라 비선형적으로 변하는 인덕턴스로 인해 여러 가지 문제점들이 발생한다. 이러한 이유로 본 논문에서는 정확한 고정자 쇄교자속과 토크를 계산하기 위해서 자속관측기의 $L_d\;와\; L_q$값을 회전자 위치와 고정자 전류에 대해 보상하였으며, 빠른 토크 응답특성과 최적 효율특성을 얻기 위해서 기준자속을 부하에 따라 계산하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 정당성을 확인하기 위해서 1.0[kW] 릴럭턴스 동기 전동기를 사용하여 $\pm$20[rpm]과 $\pm$1500[rpm]에서 실험을 수행하였고, 실험을 수행한 결과 저속영역과 고속영역 모두 우수한 동특성과 향상된 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2024

정제된 시벅턴오일을 사용하여 자외선차단 크림을 제조하고, 자외선 흡수능 및 유화안정성을 최적화하기 위해 중심합 성계획모델 반응표면분석법(CCD-RSM)로 실험 조건을 설계하였다. 실험의 독립변수는 유화제 첨가량, 유화시간, 점증제 첨가량으로 설정하였고, 반응치로는 ESI, MDS, 290 nm에서의 흡광도로 설정 후 실험을 진행하였다. RSM 최적화를 통해 산출된 회귀방정식 계수의 F-value와 P-value을 통해 반응치에 가장 영향을 주는 주효과도와 교호효과도를 분석하였고 P-value를 통해 계수의 통계적 유의성을 평가하였다. 반응표면분석법을 통해 산출된 최적 유화조건은 유화제 첨가량(4.39 wt%), 유화시간(25.42 min) 및 점증제 첨가량(1.24 wt%)으로 산출되었고, 이때 반응치 값은 ESI (98.5%), MDS (322.9 nm), 그리고 UV 흡광도(2.73)이다. 산출된 최적 조건으로 실제 실험을 진행한 결과 평균 오차율은 ± 2.7% 로 측정되었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.222-229
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• 2024

독성이 없고 자극이 적은 환경친화적인 천연색소 사용이 증가하고, 건강에 관심을 가지는 사람이 많아짐에 따라 인체에 유익한 물질을 함유한 천연 추출물에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 용매추출법을 이용하여 새싹보리로부터 천연 색소를 추출하고 추출공정의 최적화를 위해 CCD-RSM을 이용하였다. 실험의 독립변수는 추출온도, 주정/초순수 부피비, 추출시간으로 설정하고 반응치는 목표하는 색 좌표(L = 45, a = -35, b = 45)와 항산화능을 평가하는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 최대치로 설정하였다. RSM 최적화를 통해 산출된 회귀방정식 변수들에 대한 F value와 P value을 통해 주효과도와 교호효과도의 통계적 유의미 여부와 반응치에 대한 영향성을 평가 및 분석하였으며, 각 회귀방정식과 확률도 그래프의 P value를 통해 실험의 신뢰성을 확인하였다. 반응치 4개를 최적화시키는 추출 조건은 추출온도 52.9 ℃, 주정/초순수 부피비 76.1 vol.%과 추출시간 49.6 min이며 이 때, 반응치의 이론값은 L = 45.4, a = -36.8, b = 45.0 항산화능 = 30.9%이다. 최적의 추출 조건으로 실제 실험을 진행하여 분석한 결과 색 좌표 L = 46.2, a = -36.1, b = 48.3, 그리고 항산화능 = 31.1%로 평균 오차율 2.9%로 측정되었다.