• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2024

Human dentition is unique to individuals and helps in identification of individuals in forensic odontology. This study proposes to study the manually ground sections of single rooted teeth using digital methods for dental age estimation. To assess the dentinal translucency from the scanned digital images of manually ground section of teeth using commercially available image edition software. Corroborating the root dentinal translucency length and region of interest (ROI) of translucency zone in pixels (as a marker of dental age) with the chronological age of the subject, as stratified by different age groups. Twenty single-rooted extracted teeth from 20 patients each from 6 groups divided as per age. Manual sectioning of the teeth followed by scanning the sections was done. Root area in pixels and ROI of translucency zone were measured. From the observed values, translucency length percentage (TLP) and percentage of ROI in pixels (TPP) was calculated and tabulated. Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained for age with TLP and TPP. Positive correlation existed between age and TLP and also between age and TPP. With the obtained data, multilinear regression equations for specific age groups based on 10-year intervals were derived. By a step-down analysis method, age was estimated with an average error of around ±7.9 years. This study gives a novel method for age-estimation that can be applied in real-time forensic sciences.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate change of ginsenoside contents in red and fresh ginseng according to root part and age by hydrolysis. Neutral total ginsenoside contents by hydrolysis in 6-year main root and lateral root were significantly increased than those by non-hydrolysis, as 41.6 and 32.8%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in red ginseng. In fresh ginseng, ginsenoside contents of the protopanaxatriol group such as Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, $Rg_2$, and $Rh_1$ were not significantly different, but $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, and Rd showed significant difference. The increase rate of neutral total ginsenoside content by hydrolysis was higher in epidermis-cortex than stele. Also, the neutral total ginsenoside content was fine root > rhizome > lateral root > main root, respectively. While there was no tendency towards the increase of ginsenoside by hydrolysis with the increase of root age in fine root and rhizome, there was significant decrease in main root and lateral root.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 1977

178 naturally exfoliated maxillary deciduous central incisors, 149 deciduous lateral incisors of children at exfoliation stage were studied on the degree and the tendency of the root resorption, and the age of exfoliation of the deciduous central and lateral incisors. The results were as follows; 1. The root of maxillary deciduous central and lateral incisors tended to be resorbed disto-lingually. 2. The age of exfoliation of maxillary deciduous central incisor was 7.27 year in male, 7.01 year in female, and the age of exfoliation of maxillary deciduous lateral incisor was 8.22 year in male, 7.77 year in female. 3. The exfoliation age of maxillary deciduous central and lateral incisors was earlier in female than in male.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to investigate the morphology of mycorrhizal roots, and the effects of root age and soil texture on the mycorrhizal infection in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) growing in Korea. Ginseng roots at ages of two to six years were collected from fields in late June. Their infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) was studied by clearing the roots and staining fungal hyphae with trypan blue. Root infection varied greatly depending on the developmental stages of young roots. Young tertiary roots, in diameter of smaller than 0.8 mrn, formed during the current growing season had root hairs and were frequently and in some cases heavily infected by AMF. Hyphal coils and arbuscules were abundant, while vesicles were rarely observed. Older secondary or tertiary roots in diameter of bigger than 1.0 mm with fully differentiated primary xylem formed during the previous growing season had no root hairs, and were not infected at all. The rates of mycorrhizal infection in the young tertiary roots were not affected by the age of the ginseng plants, suggesting that fungal populations might have not much changed during the aging of the cultivated fields up to six years. The differences in the infection rates among the different ages of ginseng were caused by differences in the amount of young tertiary roots in the samples. Soil texture, either sandy loam or clay loam, did not affect the rate of root infection. There were large variations in the infection rates among the different farms and locations within a farm. It strongly suggested that infection rates of the ginseng roots by AMF would be influenced by the practice of the farmers, possibly by avoiding consecutive planting, introduction of new topsoil, and the ways of handling the soil before transplanting the ginseng, such as fumigation or sterilization that might have affected indigenous inoculum sources of the AMF.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1987

인삼제품의 품질관리와 효능연구의 시료사용에 참고자료로 활용하기 위하여 인삼근의 부위별, 연근별 사포닌 함량 및 분포를 조사하였다. 한국인삼 6년근의 부위별 조성은 뇌두(rhizome) 4.1%, 동체(main root) 47.7%, 지근(lateral)의 비는 대략 1:1이었으나 지근부는 2:1로 피층이 많았다. 사포닌분포는 동체와 세근부가 29% 정도로 거의 같고, 지근부 34.6%로 가장 많았고, 뇌두는 7% 수준으로 가장 적었다. 그러나 단위 중량당 함량에서는 세근>퇴두>지근>동체의 순으로 뇌두가 높은 반면 동체는 가장 낮았다. 연근별 사포닌 변화는 2년근 4.89%, 6년근 7.98%로서 본포이식후 4년간 약 3% 증가에 그쳤으나 뿌리의 비대성장을 고려할 때 계속적으로 합성축적 되었으며 연간 증가율은 5년근이 43.8%로 가장 왕성한 성장기임을 나타내고 4년근 19.8%, 6년근 21.1%로 비슷했다. 따라서 5년에 뿌리의 생장과 사포닌 합성축적이 최고 수준에 도달했다가 6년째 부터 쇠퇴기로 됨을 알았다. 개별 사포닌의 함량변화는 전반적으로 증가하는 경향이나 PT계 사포닌보다는 PD계 사포닌의 증가가 보다 큰 경향이었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of agronomic characters, their path coefficients in 2, 3 and 4-year old ginseng plants, and to provide a useful information for ginseng breeding. Correlation coefficients between stem fen변h, number of leaves and number of Iraflets in 2-year age, and stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed highly significant correlation with number of fruits and root weight in 4-year age. The path coefficient analysis indicated that stem length and number of leaflets might give indirect effects on root weight regardless of plant age. On the other hand, stem length and number of leaflets in 2-year age and, stem diameter and leaf length in 3-year age showed direct effects on root weight in 4-year old ginseng. These results may be used for selection of high-yielding ginseng plants. Key words Selection information, correlation and path coefficient analysis.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.109-113
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the nutrient utilization of rump round meat and lotus root using young (32 wk) and aged hens (108 wk) as an animal model. Rump round meat and lotus root were prepared with or without enzymatic treatment. For each age group of laying hens, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly allotted to one of two dietary treatments with six replicates. For rump round meat, the true total tract retention rate (TTTR) of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) were unaffected by either enzymatic treatment or hen age. However, aged hens had greater (p<0.01) TTTR of energy and crude fat than young hens. Enzymatic treatment did not influence the TTTR of energy or crude fat. In addition, we did not observe any significant interaction between the TTTR of DM, energy, N, or crude fat in rump round meat and hen age or enzymatic treatment. The TTTR of DM remained unchanged between controls and enzyme-treated lotus root for young hens. However, enzyme-treated lotus root exhibited greater (p<0.05) TTTR of DM than control lotus root for aged hens, resulting in a significant interaction (p<0.05). The TTTR of energy and N in lotus roots were greater (p<0.01) for aged hens than for young hens. In conclusion, enzymatic treatment exerted beneficial effects on energy and nutrient utilization in aged hens, suggesting the aged hen model is practical for simulation of metabolism of elderly individuals.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 1994

Age determination in children have been criticized because they rely on subjective estimations of tooth development, as seen in radiographs. This study was undertaken to obtain the objective estimation of developing teeth. The panoramic radiograph of 254 males and 254 females ranging from 6 to 14 years of age were studied. The structures measured were crown height, apex width and root length. The data weree statistically investigated with SPSS/PC + package. The results were as follows : 1. With the aid of a multiple regression model, a linear relationship between some of these distances and age was shown. 2. In th total material(6-14yr) and four-yr. intervals, linear equations are as follow : Boys : 6-14 age = 683 + 145.6 44RL + 126.6.45RL + 71.1 46DRL - 161.3 46DAW 6-10 age = 1202 + 72.6 46DRL + 100.2 44RL + 75.1 45RL 8-12 age = 3818 + 75.9 45RL - 190.9 44AW 10-14 age = 4151 + 58.6 45RL - 84.0 45AW - 130.6 44AW Girls : 6-14 age = 1587 + 104.9 45RL + 113.4 44RL - 233.1 46DAW + 81.4 47DRL - 255.9 46MAW 6-10 age = 1821 + 55.8 46DRL + 67.2 45RL - 184.2 46MAW + 56.3 44RL 8-12 age = 2435 + 68.2 45RLL + 71.3 44RL 10-14 age = 3485 + 49.9 47DRL - 51.3 45AW - 179.9 47DAW + 33.4 45RL + 39.4 44RL (DRL, length of distal root in molars. RL, root length in premolars. DAW, width of distal apex in molars. MAW, width of mesial apex in molars. AW, width of apex n molars)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2016

항산화, 항암 및 항염증 효능 등의 생리 활성이 보고된 우엉 뿌리의 열수 추출물을 제조하여 advanced glycation end products (AGEs) 형성 저해 효과를 확인하였다. AGEs는 bovine serum albumin (BSA)과 단당류인 glucose, fructose, galactose를 혼합하여 $37^{\circ}C$에서 3주간 배양하여 생성하였고 매주 형광도 측정, fructosamine 분석, ${\alpha}$-dicarbonyl compounds 함량 분석을 통해 AGEs의 생성량을 확인하였다. 우엉 뿌리 추출물의 AGEs 생성 저해능을 AGEs 생성 억제제로 알려져 있는 aminoguanidine (AG)의 저해능과 비교하였다. 우엉 뿌리 추출물은 BSA와 단당류인 glucose, fructose, galactose 각각의 당화반응을 억제하였으며 특히 배양 3주차에서 BSA와 glucose의 당화반응 결과물인 AGEs 생성을 유의적으로 저해하였다. 농도 2 mg/mL 이상의 우엉 뿌리 추출물은 1 mM AG보다 AGEs 생성 저해능이 우수하였으며 농도 4 mg/mL의 우엉 뿌리 추출물은 배양 3주차에서 AGEs 생성을 약 80% 이상 억제하는 효능을 나타냈다. 체내 혈당은 당뇨병과 같은 질환과 식이의 영향을 받으므로 다양한 glucose 농도에서 우엉 뿌리 추출물의 AGEs 생성 억제능을 조사하였다. 그 결과 AGEs 생성은 glucose의 농도에 비례하여 증가하였으며 우엉 뿌리 추출물은 당뇨환자의 식후에 관찰되는 혈당인 25 mM glucose 군에서 1 mM의 AG보다 높은 우수한 저해 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 우엉 뿌리 추출물의 AGEs 생성 억제라는 새로운 기능성을 밝히며 향후 당뇨 합병증 예방 효능을 가진 기능성 식품으로의 개발 가능성을 제시한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 1998

야생 차나무집단의 임분구조와 현존량의 관계를 파악하기 위하여 지역, 위도 등을 고려하여 12개 야생 차나무 집단을 선정하여 임분구조와 현존량을 조사하였다. 차나무 집단별 평균 근원직경은 집단별 평균 수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었으나 집단별 평균 수고, 밀도, 근원단면적은 집단별 평균수령과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 관목층인 차나무 집단의 밀도와 근원단면적은 교목층의 흉고단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 없었다. 차나무의 표본목 측정 결과 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량은 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 1년생 잎과 소지의 건중량은 직선적으로 증가하였다. 2년생 이상 잎 건중량의 경우 근원직경과 상관관계가 없었다. 근원직경이 증가함에 따라 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 건중량이 증가하는 것은 근주당 줄기의 수가 증가하기 보다는 좋기의 평균 직경과 수고가 증가하기 때문이었다. 차나무 집단의 임목 전체 현존량은 1,162~11,474kg/ha, 주 이용 대상인 1년생 잎의 현존량은 165~1,341kg/ha로서 집단간 큰 차이가 있었으며, T/R율은 1.5~2.8의 범위를 보였다. 축적기관인 줄기와 가지, 뿌리의 현존량은 평균 수령, 평균 근원직경, 밀도와는 독립적이었으나 근원단면적과 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다. 생산기관인 1년생 잎과 소지의 현존량은 평균수령, 평균 근원직경과는 독립적이었으나, 근원단면적, 밀도와 유의적인 상관관계가 있었다.