• 대한수학회보
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2019

A graph theoretical model called Roman domination in graphs originates from the historical background that any undefended place (with no legions) of the Roman Empire must be protected by a stronger neighbor place (having two legions). It is applicable to military and commercial decision-making problems. A Roman dominating function for a graph G = (V, E) is a function $f:V{\rightarrow}\{0,1,2\}$ such that every vertex v with f(v)=0 has at least a neighbor w in G for which f(w)=2. The Roman domination number of a graph is the minimum weight ${\sum}_{v{\in}V}\;f(v)$ of a Roman dominating function. In order to deal a problem of a Roman domination-type defensive strategy under multiple simultaneous attacks, ${\acute{A}}lvarez$-Ruiz et al. [1] initiated the study of a new parameter related to Roman dominating function, which is called strong Roman domination. ${\acute{A}}lvarez$-Ruiz et al. posed the following problem: Characterize the graphs G with equal strong Roman domination number and Roman domination number. In this paper, we construct a family of trees. We prove that for a tree, its strong Roman dominance number and Roman dominance number are equal if and only if the tree belongs to this family of trees.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1309-1318
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• 2009

Let k be a positive integer, and let G be a simple graph with vertex set V (G). A Roman k-dominating function on G is a function f : V (G) $\rightarrow$ {0, 1, 2} such that every vertex u for which f(u) = 0 is adjacent to at least k vertices $\upsilon_1,\;\upsilon_2,\;{\ldots},\;\upsilon_k$ with $f(\upsilon_i)$ = 2 for i = 1, 2, $\ldot$, k. The weight of a Roman k-dominating function is the value f(V (G)) = $\sum_{u{\in}v(G)}$ f(u). The minimum weight of a Roman k-dominating function on a graph G is called the Roman k-domination number ${\gamma}_{kR}$(G) of G. Note that the Roman 1-domination number $\gamma_{1R}$(G) is the usual Roman domination number $\gamma_R$(G). In this paper, we investigate the properties of the Roman k-domination number. Some of our results extend these one given by Cockayne, Dreyer Jr., S. M. Hedetniemi, and S. T. Hedetniemi [2] in 2004 for the Roman domination number.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제9B권6호
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• pp.827-834
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 개정된 로마자 표기법에 일치하는 한글의 로마자 표기 생성을 위한 한글-로마자 표기 변환표의 생성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 로마자 표기법의 근간이 되는 표준 발음법과 로마자 표기법을 수학적으로 분석하기 위하여 페트리넷 모델을 이용한 자연 언어의 수학적 분석 방법을 도입하였다. 페트리넷 모델을 이용한 분석의 방법으로 한글 로마자 표기 변환 표를 생성하기 위한 방안과 로마자 표기법의 페트리 넷 모델링을 통하여 그 실질적인 예를 보여 한국어의 수학적 모델링 방안과 적용방법을 제시한다. 생성된 한글-로마자 표기 변환표를 검증하기 위하여 윈도우 기반 응용 프로그램을 개발하고 로마자 표기 용례사전의 로마자 표기와 응용 프로그램의 결과를 비교하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.625-629
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• 2016

A paleoparasitological study was carried out on 2 lead coffins recovered from the Roman site of Jaunay-Clan (near Poitiers, France). For the first time, this particular type of burial gave positive parasitological results, and eggs of the whipworm Trichuris trichiura were identified in 1 individual. In the present case, thanatomorphose associated with funerary practices may explain the scarcity of the recovered eggs. However, human whipworm has now been observed in 9 individuals dated to the Roman period. The very high frequency of Trichuris sp. eggs in Roman archaeological sites (up to 80%) suggests that fecal peril, hygiene, and waste management were problematic during this period. Finally, due to the fact that very few analyses have been conducted on human bodies dated to the Roman period, more analyses must be performed in the future to provide further information about diseases in the Roman world.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.150-160
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• 2010

The origin of the Roman public basilica is Rome's indigenous style morphologically but actually it seems that developed the Greek semi-open style stoa into the Roman practical interior space. In the early ages, the arrangement of Roman forum had been planned high symbolical temple as the center but gradually changed into the basilica centered which were used often by citizen. Through the Roman period, the important types of early Roman basilica have Fano basilica in the first century BC, Pompei basilica of mid period in the first century AD, Doclear basilica with apse as late type in the second century AD. Pompei type well characterized the feature of Roman public basilica among them. The result of the floor plan analysis shows that the long side access to the interior space is over 76 percent of examples and nearly 70 percent have no apse and the average of vertical horizontal length ratio presents as 1:2.3. The typical plan of Roman public basilica can be defined that most of access are being entered from one of the long side, and most of basilica have no apse, and normally having inner columns arranged in one or more concentric rectangles around nave as a center.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.138-164
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• 2006

In the field of oriental medicine, many researchers head for the aim of standardization. To achieve this aim, oriental medical researchers have been carried out experimental research, statistical research, clinical research, philological research, etc., and, have published their results to journals. But, the declaration of Roman name of herbal formula is not united each other, on several article. So, we should prepare database to search in domestic and overseas, and should consider compatibility of internationally used search system. Also, it is need to use appropriate roman letters in oriental medical terms for people can use easily. We inquired the type of roman letters in the name of formula of article that were carried oriental medical journal, to find out appropriate roman letters and to the demands of the times. There were many cases that Korean name of formula is not correspond to the declaration of Korea roman letters. Also, the declaration of roman letters for preparation like as tang(湯), san(散), hwan(丸) etc. are not standardized. To facilitate making database and forming search system, now we suggest that we can standardize the declaration of Korea roman letters by using of Hangul(한글) word processor's toolbar which has transformation of roman letters.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.661-669
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• 2021

For a simple, undirected graph G = (V, E), a perfect Roman dominating function (PRDF) f : V → {0, 1, 2} has the property that, every vertex u with f(u) = 0 is adjacent to exactly one vertex v for which f(v) = 2. The weight of a PRDF is the sum f(V) = ∑_v∈V f(v). The minimum weight of a PRDF is called the perfect Roman domination number, denoted by γ_R^P(G). Given a graph G and a positive integer k, the PRDF problem is to check whether G has a perfect Roman dominating function of weight at most k. In this paper, we first investigate the complexity of PRDF problem for some subclasses of bipartite graphs namely, star convex bipartite graphs and comb convex bipartite graphs. Then we show that PRDF problem is linear time solvable for bounded tree-width graphs, chain graphs and threshold graphs, a subclass of split graphs.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.345-354
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• 2003

그리스의 극장은 인공적으로 구축된 최초의 극장이며, 로마의 극장은 그리스의 것을 모방하여 독창적 형태로 발전시킨 것으로 이 두 극장의 형태와 관습이 현대에 이르기까지 많은 영향을 끼치고 있다. 두 극장을 비교해 볼 때 다음과 같은 차이점을 발견할 수 있다. 극장이 설립된 목적과 기능 면에서 볼 때 그리스 극장은 종교적 목적에서 기인한 것이나 로마의 극장은 오락적 목적에서 기인한 것이다. 극장의 형태 면에서 볼 때 그리스 극장은 완전 노천 구조로 위엄 있고 웅장한 것이었으나 로마의 극장은 무대에 지붕을 포함하고 있었으며 화려하고 장식적인 것이었다. 극장의 성격 면에서 볼 때 그리스 극장은 민주적이었으나 로마의 극장은 계급적이었다. 그리스, 로마극장은 그 시대의 사회적 특성 및 연극적 특성에 따라 서로 구별되고 있지만 그리스 로마 고전극이 유럽 연극에 있어 하나의 원천이 되고 있는 것처럼 이 두 극장도 역시 하나가 되어 현대 극장의 원천이 되고 있다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.7-26
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is the study on the architectural characteristics revived from the roman architecture, focused on the early renaissance architecture building. The results of study are as follow: 1. The composition system of Domus which is formed of urban house in the Roman period is presented by spatial arrangement of palace architecture centering around atrium in the Renaissance period. Thus plan type of Domus is used by atrium from which is composed of peristyle from the palace and villa in the Renaissance period. 2. The circular temple in the Roman period is composed of element such as podium, stair, peristyle centering around the basic circular plan. Bramante planed to revive above elements for the Tempietto to concept from the circular temple in the Roman period. 3. The triumphal arch in the Roman period is strong monument to the independent building in the city, but thus arch is used of church facade as the important example which is composed with building elevation in the Renaissance period. 4. The composition system and element of Roman temple which is planned to rectangular plan is composed of high podium, stair, portico, prostyle and pediment. The facade plan of church is used by the partial elements and total elements perfectly from the temple in the Roman period. 5. The linearly successive and repetitive composition which is composition system and element of aqueduct arches of same dimension shows to the palace facade, arcade for gallery space and side elevation plan of S.Fracesco church. 6. Such as background of Colloseum, Rucellai palace can be called good example which is created by the new architectural form to the creative starting point from the classical architecture from.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1114-1122
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 그리드 네트워크에 대해서 정상적인 트래픽 예측에 의해서 설계된 자원 이외에 예측 불가능한 비상사태를 대비하기 위한 추가자원의 한계용량 설계에 관한 해석적 모델을 제안한다. 구체적으로는 그리드 네트워크 전체를 대상으로 한계용량을 산정하는 경우의 최솟값에 대한 상한을 예측하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 본 논문에서는 그리드 네트워크를 그리드 그래프로 추상화하여 Roman domination number의 개념을 이용한 해석적 기법을 통해서 한계용량의 상한을 도출한다.