• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.7-17
• /
• 2002

Recently, artificial rocks, instead of buoys, have been placed on the submerged breakwater to indicate its location. The accurate estimation of wave forces on these rocks is deemed necessary for their stability design. Characteristics of the wave force, however, are expected . to be very complicated because of the occurrence of breaking or post-breaking waves. In this regard, wave forces exerted on an artificial rock have been investigated in this paper. The maximum wave force has been found to strongly dependent on the location and shape of the artificial rock that is placed on the submerged breakwater. The plunging breaker occurs near the loading cram edge of a submerged breakwater, which cause impulsive breaking wave force on the rock. Using the Morison equation, with the velocity and acceleration at the front face of the artificial rock and varying water surface level, it is possible to estimate wave forces, even impulsive breaking wave forces, that are acting on the rock installed on a submerged breakwater. The vertical wave force is also found to depend, significantly, on the buoyant force.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2023

This study focused on understanding the relationship between the design of a tunnel boring machine disc cutter ring and its rock-breaking efficiency, as well as the applicable conditions of different cutter ring types. The discrete element method was used to establish a numerical model of the rock-breaking process using disc cutters with different ring types to reveal the development of rock damage cracks and variation in cutter penetration load. The calculation results indicate that a sharp-edged (V-shaped) disc cutter penetrates a rock mass to a given depth with the lowest load, resulting in more intermediate cracks and few lateral cracks, which leads to difficulty in crack combination. Furthermore, the poor wear resistance of a conventional V-shaped cutter can lead to an exponential increase in the penetration load after cutter ring wear. In contrast, constant-cross-section (CCS) disc cutters have the highest quantity of crack extensions after penetrating rock, but also require the highest penetration loads. An arch-edged (U-shaped) disc cutter is more moderate than the aforementioned types with sufficient intermediate and lateral crack propagation after cutting into rock under a suitable penetration load. Additionally, we found that the cutter ring wedge angle and edge width heavily influence cutter rock-breaking efficiency and that a disc cutter with a 16 to 22 mm edge width and 20° to 30° wedge angle exhibits high performance. Compared to V-shaped and U-shaped cutters, the CCS cutter is more suitable for soft or medium-strength rocks, where the penetration load is relatively small. Additionally, two typical case studies were selected to verify that replacing a CCS cutter with a U-shaped or optimized V-shaped disc cutter can increase cutting efficiency when encountering hard rocks.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제72권4호
• /
• pp.469-477
• /
• 2019

The understanding of tool-rock interaction mechanism is of high essence for improving the rock breaking efficiency and optimizing the drilling parameters in mechanical rock breaking. In this study, the tool-rock interaction models of indentation and cutting are carried out by employing the discrete element method (DEM) to examine the rock failure modes of various brittleness rocks and critical indentation and cutting depths of the ductile to brittle failure mode transition. The results show that the cluster size and inter-cluster to intra-cluster bond strength ratio are the key factors which influence the UCS magnitude and the UCS to BTS ratio. The UCS to BTS strength ratio can be increased to a more realistic value using clustered rock model so that the characteristics of real rocks can be better represented. The critical indentation and cutting depth decrease with the brittleness of rock increases and the decreasing rate reduces dramatically against the brittleness value. This effort may lead to a better understanding of rock breaking mechanisms in mechanical excavation, and may contribute to the improvement in the design of rock excavation machines and the related parameters determination.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2006

도심지에서 폭약을 사용한 굴착공법은 진동 소음 비산 등으로 인한 안전상의 문제로 사용상 많은 제약이 따르고 있다 이러한 이유로 암파쇄굴착공법 (건교부, 2003)에 주로 쓰이는 FINECKER Plus(미진동파쇄기)의 사용이 점차 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 본 사례연구에서는 도심지 현장에서 진동을 제어하기 위해 FINECKER Plus를 적용하고, 신제품 360g 1본(本)과 기존제품 180g 2본(本)의 비교시험과 함께 무진동공법과 병행하여 시공성을 비교하였다. 신제품 360g의 파쇄효율 및 소음 진동수준에서는 대등한 정도로, 작업시간이 32% 감소하여 시공성 면에서는 뛰어난 결과를 얻었다 또한, FINECKER Plus의 굴착량은 $64.2m^3/$일로 무진동공법에 비해 7.7배 정도의 뛰어난 시공성을 나타내었다

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.7-20
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 플라즈마 암 파쇄공법의 단발형태에 따른 시공성 향상을 위해 플라즈마 전력충격기에 5단계의 지발시차를 적용하여, 1단계부터 5단계까지 단계별로 지발당전해질량을 1kg, 2kg, 3kg, 4kg, 5kg으로 변화시키고, 기폭에 따른 지발시차와 진동및 소음의 크기를 측정 분석하였다. 분석결과, 5단계의 전력충격파암기의 지발시차는 전해질 연결개수 1~3공은 약 40~50ms, 4~5공은 약 70~80ms, 진동의 크기는 에멀젼 폭약에 비해 약 3~6배 정도 낮은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한화약발파공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한화약발파공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.167-184
• /
• 2006

본 연구는 굴착대상구역에 축사 및 마을주택구조물이 근접위치하고 있어 이들 시설물에 대한 피해 방지를 위해 사전 발파환경영향평가를 실시하였다. 그 결과 발파공법의 적용이 불가하여 소음과 진동저감을 위해 건교부의 발파공법분류에 의한 암파쇄굴착 공법 중, 브레이커에 의한 2차 파쇄가 없는 할암공법의 일종인 슈퍼웨찌(Super wedge) 공법을 적용하였으며, 작업 공종별로 소음전용측정기(SC-310c)와 진동전용측정기 (BLASTMATE)를 이용하여 소음과 진동의 크기를 측정하였다. 측정결과 진동을 기준하면 최근접(약 10m) 위치에서 천공, 절개, 집토 및 상차작업은 가능하나 장비이동이 고려되어야 하며, 소음을 기준하면 절개작업을 제외하고 천공, 집토 및 상차작업은 20m 이내에서도 굴착작업 자체가 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 건교부 발파공법분류에 의한 암파쇄굴착공법은 작업과정별 소음도를 감안하여 적용되어야 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.547-556
• /
• 2020

An understanding of the influence of MR (Magmatic Rock) thickness on the surrounding rock behaviors is essential for the prevention and management of dynamic disasters in coal mining. In this study, we used FLC3D to study the breaking and instability laws of surrounding rock with different MR thicknesses in terms of strata movement, stress and energy. The mechanism of dynamic disasters was revealed. The results show that the thicker the MR is, (1) the smaller the subsidence of the overlying strata is, but the subsidence span of the overlying strata become wider, and the corresponding displacement deformation value of the basin edge become smaller. (2) the slower the growth rate of abutment pressure in front of the working face is, but the peak value is smaller, and the influence range is larger. The peak value decreases rapidly after the breaking, and the stress concentration coefficient is maintained at about 1.31. (3) the slower the peak energy in front of coal wall, but the range of energy concentration increases (isoline "O" type energy circle). Finally, a case study was conducted to verify the disaster-causing mechanism. We anticipate that the research findings presented herein can assist in the control of dynamic hazards.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
• /
• pp.1592-1595
• /
• 1998

The rock fragmentation system with a capacitor bank, switching device, cable and blasting electrode are described. Utilization of the chemical energy from the electrolyte and the pseudospark with a large current capacity suggested the commercialization possibility of the rock fragmentation system. The vibration and noise level of the pulsed blasting is acceptable in the most ground breaking. And also the electromagnetic force produced by the inductor is introduced for the rock fragmentation.

• 화약ㆍ발파
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.58-59
• /
• 1998

• 터널과지하공간
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.95-106
• /
• 2009

암석파괴역학과 파괴인성 이하의 응력상태에서 균열이 발생하고 성장하는 특성을 고려하여 암반사면의 진행성 파괴를 검토하였다. 굴착이 종료된 암반사면은 응력이 거의 변하지 않은 조건이지만, 시간이 경과함에 따라 절리면 내 미소한 접점에서 파괴가 발생하고 파괴된 접점의 수효가 증가함에 따라 절리면이 파괴되고, 파괴된 절리면이 많아져 사면이 파괴되는 진행성파괴 현상을 수치해석적으로 확인하였다. 따라서 암반사면의 진행성 파괴는 파괴인성보다 낮은 응력상태에 있는 암반 절리면 내 미소한 접점에서 시간의 경과에 따라 발생한 균열이 성장하여 사면을 파괴시키는 것으로 분석되었다.