• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2014

In the restructured electricity market, Performance-Based Regulation (PBR) regime has been introduced to the distribution network. To ensure the network stability, this regime is used along with quality regulations. Quality regulation impose new financial risks on distribution system operators (DSOs). The poor quality of the network will result in reduced revenues for DSOs. The mentioned financial risks depend on the quality indices of the system. Based on annual variation of these indices, the cost of quality regulation will also vary. In this paper with regard to reclosing fault in distribution network, we develop a risk-based method to assess the financial risks caused by quality regulation for DSOs. Furthermore, in order to take the stochastic behavior of the distribution network and quality indices variations into account, time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation method is used. Using the proposed risk method, the effect of taking reclosing time into account will be examined on system quality indicators and the cost of quality regulation in Swedish rural reliability test system (SRRTS). The results show that taking reclosing fault into consideration, affects the system quality indicators, particularly annual average interruption frequency index of the system (SAIFI). Moreover taking reclosing fault into consideration also affects the quality regulations cost. Therefore, considering reclosing time provides a more realistic viewpoint about the financial risks arising from quality regulation for DSOs.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.41-79
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• 2011

본고는 은행 임원에 대한 주식기준 보상, 특히 스톡옵션과 은행의 위험추구 간의 관계를 이론적으로 검토하고, 국내 은행 자료를 이용하여 실증적으로 분석한다. 이론적으로 은행의 주주는 유한책임(limited liability)의 특성으로 인해 사회적 최적 수준보다 위험한 자산 포트폴리오를 선택할 가능성이 있다. 이는 포트폴리오의 범위 확대에 따른 기대수익 증가가 수익 변동성의 폭 증가보다 크지 않을 경우 발생한다. 이 경우 주주는 스톡옵션 형태의 성과보상을 통해 경영자의 위험추구를 유도할 수 있다. 이러한 이론적 예측과는 달리 국내 은행 자료를 이용한 실증분석 결과는 스톡옵션 부여가 위험추구를 유도한다는 가설을 지지하지 않았다. 은행 임원에게 부여한 스톡옵션은 가격기준 위험지표와 투자기준 위험지표 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 미국에서의 선행연구 결과와는 상반된 것으로, 분석 자료가 포함하지 않는 형태의 보상이나 규제효과 등 국내 은행업의 특수성에 기인한 것으로 볼 수 있다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제19권38호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1996

In the descriptive studies investigating people's risk taking behavior, the most used experimental technique has been the simple lotteries which consist of only no possible outcomes. However, these simple lotteries cannot always be an appropriate representation of the real world decision-making situations, where three or more possible outcomes are frequently encountered. The purpose of the present study is to investigate people's risk attitude in various multi-branch lottery games.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study is to analyze the health behavior of high school students and to find factors influencing it. A questionnaire survey was used for collecting data from 201 male students between May 1 and June 30, 1993. The data were analyzed by the multiple regression technique in an SPSS package. The major results are as follows: (1) 84.5% of the students responded to the survey are regularly exercising to promote their health and 44.8% of them are doing something to manage stress. (2) 28.9% of the students are smoking, 43.3% of them are drinking, 5% of them are taking adhesives, 6.5% are taking stimulants, and 4.5% of them are taking analgesics. (3) while self-efficacy of the students and health interests of their parents are positively related to health promoting behaviors, they are negatively related to health risk behaviors.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권10호
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• pp.1042-1049
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• 2006

목 적 : 건강위험행동은 만성질환의 가장 큰 원인으로 보건교육의 예방 목표이다. 예방을 위한 적절한 개입이 필요한 시점인 후기 청소년기에서 각 위험행태에 대한 현황과 그 위험행동을 지속하게 할 수 있는 위험요인을 찾아 청소년의 건강한 생활습관을 형성할 수 있는 인자들을 규명하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2006학년도 고려대학교 신입생들을 대상으로 한 건강검진에 참여한 학생 중 자발적으로 설문지에 응답한 1,297명을 대상으로 비공개 설문지를 통한 조사를 실시하였으며, 설문지는 기본 정보와 4가지의 건강 위험행태(흡연, 음주, 약물사용, 성 행태)에 대한 문항으로 구성되었다. 결 과 : 친구의 흡연과 주변 사람의 흡연하는 정도가 흡연 경험에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, 흡연경험자가 현재흡연자로 이행할 위험요인들은 남성, 도시출신, 친구의 흡연, 니코틴 의존도로 나타났다. 고 위험 음주군의 위험요인들로 남성, 만취하는 회수, 음주한 기간, 과음에 대한 위험성 인식이 낮은 경우가 있었다. 부적절한 약물 사용 경험자는 1.0%로 비교적 낮은 편이었으나 처방 없이 약물을 구하는 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 성 행태 조사 결과 성교육을 받은 경우는 68.1%이나 성교육을 받은 사람에서 피임여부가 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자신이 양성애를 포함하여 동성애적인 성향을 가진다고 대답한 경우는 1.6%로 나타났으며 거의 이성애로 인식하는 경우는 여성의 비율이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 향후 후기 청소년들의 보건 교육의 목표는 건강위험행동의 시작단계에서 습관적 행동으로의 이행을 막고 건강위험행태에 대한 감시체계 확립에 있다. 고려대학교 신입생들의 건강위험행태에 대한 조사 결과는 후기 청소년들의 건강 위험행태의 위험요인을 규명하는 데 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.112-118
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• 2022

연구목적 졸피뎀은 세계적으로 불면증에서 널리 쓰이고 있는 약물이다. 그러나 졸피뎀을 복용한 환자에게서 중추 신경계 부작용이나 수면 연관 행동을 보인다는 여러 보고가 있다. 본 연구는 입원 환자를 대상으로 졸피뎀 복용 후 나타나는 수면 연관 행동에 영향을 미치는 위험요인을 조사하기 위해 시행되었다. 방 법 2019년 1월 1일부터 2019년 12월 31일까지 인하대학교 병원에 입원한 졸피뎀을 복용한 환자들의 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 졸피뎀 사용 후 나타나는 수면 연관 행동의 유무, 나이, 성별, 기저 질환, 투약력, 졸피뎀의 용량, 졸피뎀의 종류를 조사하였다. 결 과 졸피뎀을 복용한 907명의 환자 중 수면 연관 행동을 보인 환자는 102명(11.2%)이고, 65세 이상(OR 2.681, 95% CI 1.677-4.287, p<0.001), 남성(OR 1.556, 95% CI 1.007-2.404, p=0.046), 항정신병제 복용(OR 3.305, 95% CI 1.577-6.925, p=0.002), 항정신병제와 벤조디아제핀 동시 복용(OR 3.792, 95% CI 1.677-8.572, p=0.001)한 경우 수면 연관 행동이 발생할 확률이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 졸피뎀 사용 후 생기는 수면 연관 행동의 위험 요소는 성별, 고령, 항정신병제 병용 투약, 항정신병제와 벤조디아제핀 동시 병용 투약 여부로 추정된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권11호
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• pp.1113-1122
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine how the Indian banks have adjusted their risk-based capital ratios during 2009-2018 to meet the regulatory requirements. Banks can, in principle, increase their risk-based regulatory capital ratio, either by increasing their levels of regulatory capital or by shrinking their risk-weighted assets by adjusting asset growth or risk in the portfolio. We investigate banks' capital behavior by decomposing the change in the capital ratio into the contribution of its components and analyzing their variance across regulatory regimes and banks' ownerships. We further investigate how each component of the capital ratio is adjusted by the banks by breaking down them into balance sheet items. We find that the banks' capital behavior significantly differed between public and private sector banks and between the two regulatory regimes. During Basel II, banks, in general, followed a strategy of aggressive asset growth with increased risk-taking. The decline in the CRAR because of such an expansionary strategy was adjusted by augmenting additional capital. However, during Basel III, due to higher capital requirements, both in terms of quantity and quality, banks followed a strategy of cutting back their asset growth and reducing the risk in their portfolio to maintain their CRAR.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which affect risk perception and attitude on government risk management over medications containing asbestos among parents of elementary school students. Methods: This research design was cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire. The survey subjects were parents of elementary school students in Seoul, total of 1,051 subjects. The survey period was from June through July of 2011. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0. Results: The subjects perceived high risk regarding medications containing asbestos. About 83.6% of the subjects perceived that the result taking of medications containing asbestos was fatal, 82.8% felt that medications containing asbestos was a very serious social problem, 79.5% agreed that medications containing asbestos was a new type of threat. The risk perception for medications containing asbestos was related to political affiliation, attitudes of dealing medicines, main use of media, and personal communication credibility. Those who did not believe that the current government policy was correct and the government was working toward the public's benefit and not its own had the higher level of negative attitudes towards the government's risk management over the case of medications containing asbestos. Conclusion: In implementing government policy, all information should be efficiently and accurately communicated through a transparent implementation process. Also, the government must have plans for countermeasures in case of an emergency and respond efficiently in order to maintain their credibility. Moreover, this highlights the need for health authorities to exert more effort in increasing public education/awareness, especially those concerning drug and dug-taking behavior, in order to harness positive attitude and trust towards the government's policy. For a more effective risk communication, the media, health experts, government representatives, and related industries should work together.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1-19
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to clarify the tendency of impulse buying behavior and the consumer psychological characteristic factors which arouse impulse purchase and the difference in exploratory behavior according to the degree of impulse buying behaviors. For this purpose existing studies on impulse buying behaviors, consumer stimulation levels and exploratory behaviors were theoretically reviewed. And field survey was carried out for this study; 353 women impulse consumers were selected by convenience sampling method. The summarized main results of this study are as follows; 1) In relative perspectives, the consumers who has high degree of impulse buying behavior was favor of sensory buying behavior but, was lack of planned and rational buying behaviro. 2) The optimal stimulation level of high-impulse consumers is higher than that of low-impulse consumers. Especially, optimal stimulation level of impulse consumers is significantly higher than their life-style stimulation level. This means that impulse consumers are consider to a stimulation seeker. 3) The high-impulse consumers have high exploration through shopping, high information seeking behavior, high interpersonal communication level, high risk taking behavior and particulary high sensory exploratory patterns in purchase exploratory behaviors than that of low-impulse consumers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2021

This study investigates the impact of managerial ability and managerial incentives on firm performance. In particular, it studies how managerial ability factor can exert significant influence on the profitability and the risk of firms. By doing this, the study can provide several policy implications about how managerial ability can influence firm decisions and its corresponding business policies. Data of the study was collected from the Annual Enterprises Survey (AES), which is conducted by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) during the 2009-2013 period. After removing firms with insufficient financial information, our final dataset includes over 50,000 firms in Vietnam. The main result of the study shows that there is a significant and positive relationship between managerial ability and firm leverage. This finding indicates that managerial ability significantly plays an important role in making financial decisions. In addition, our study provides empirical evidence about the causal relationship between managerial compensation and firm risk-taking behavior. Specifically, we find that firm risks are significantly associated with compensation schemes including lower delta and higher vega. In other words, our study implies that the sensitivity of CEO wealth to stock volatility can positively affect both delta and vega or managerial incentives schemes.