• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2014

Community-based disaster preparedness approaches are increasingly important elements of vulnerability reduction and disaster strategies. They are associated with a policy trend that values the knowledge and capacities of local people. In this research, we describe the community diagnosis method and develop Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Index(FDRRI) for assessment of flood vulnerability. FDRRI is composed of four indicators such as Flood Exposure Indicator(FEI), Sensitivity Indicator(SI), Risk Reduction Indicator(RRI), and Community Preparedness Indicator(CPI). We anticipate to present the guideline for selection national preparedness projects and uplift community's preparedness capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2019

Typhoons can cause significant financial damage worldwide. For this reason, states, local governments and insurance companies attempt to quantify and mitigate the financial risks related to these natural disasters by developing a typhoon risk assessment model. As such, the importance of typhoon risk assessment models is increasing, and it is also important to reflect local vulnerabilities to enable sophisticated assessments. Although a practical study of economic losses associated with natural disasters has identified essential risk indicators, comprehensive studies covering the correlation between vulnerability and economic loss are still needed. The purpose of this study is to identify typhoon damage indicators and to develop evaluation indicators for typhoon damage prediction functions, utilizing the loses from Typhoon Maemi as data. This study analyzes actual loss records of Typhoon Maemi provided by local insurance companies to prepare for a scenario of maximum losses. To create a vulnerability function, the authors used the wind speed and distance from the coast and the total value of property, construction type, floors, and underground floor indicators. The results and metrics of this study provide practical guidelines for government agencies and insurance companies in developing vulnerability functions that reflect the actual financial losses and regional vulnerabilities of buildings.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.133-143
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• 2020

The paper investigates the factors affecting the profitability of commercial banks in Asian developing countries, including Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. We use panel data of four entities; ten banks in Vietnam, eight banks in Malaysia, nine banks in Thailand and all 27 commercial banks from the period 2012 to 2016. Particularly, Return on Asset, Return on Equity and TOBINQ are defined as profitability indicators, which are impacted by three main types of independent variables, namely bank-specifics, which include CAR, NPL, Cost to income, Liquidity ratio and Bank size, industry-specific variable-concentration HHI and macroeconomic-specific variables, which consist of GDP growth and Inflation. Using panel data regressions, the paper identifies several similarities and differences among empirical results on the models of four entities, each of three countries and the overall sample. The most outstanding similarity is that all entities record the significantly negative relationship between operational risk and banking profitability. Likewise, the significantly negative influence of bank size to profitability is found on models of Vietnam and Thailand and no significant effect on the model of Malaysia. Meanwhile, the most controversial result comes up with the negative relationship between CAR and profitability indicators as well as the positive association between credit risk and banking profitability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.431-438
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to summarize the current conditions and implications of health inequalities in South Korea. Methods : Through a literature review of empirical studies and supplementary analysis of the data presented in the 1998, 2001, and 2005 KNHANEs, we evaluated the extent and trends of socioeconomic inequalities in both health risk factors, such as smoking, physical activity, and obesity, and outcomes, such as total mortality, subjective poor health status by self-reports and metabolic syndrome. Relative risks and odds ratios were used to measure differences across socioeconomic groups, and the relative index of inequality was used to evaluate the changes in inequalities over time. Results : We found clear inequalities to various degrees?in most health indicators. While little change was observed in mortality differences over time, the socioeconomic gaps in risk factors and morbidity have been widening, with much larger differences among the younger population. Conclusions : Socioeconomic inequalities are pervasive across various health indicators, and some of them are increasing. The trends in socioeconomic inequalities in health should be carefully monitored, and comprehensive measures to alleviate health inequalities are needed, especially for young populations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.3-15
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• 2008

North Korea is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world for drought but still it is difficult to find scientific researches for understanding of the drought characteristics. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of meterological drought severity and classified the drought development types in North Korea. All eleven drought indices were tested such as seasonal rainfall, PDS, SPI and so on, and then drew the drought risk map by each indicator using frequency analysis and GIS(Geographic Information Systems) for twenty one meteorological stations. In addition meteorological drought characteristics in North Korea was classified to six patterns on Si/Gun administrative units using cluster analysis on the drought indicators. The cluster III has the strongly drought-resistant area due to sufficient rainfall and the cluster V was considered as the most drought-vulnerable area, Pungsan and Sinpo, because of the severest drought condition for eight drought indicators. The results of this study are expected to be provided for the basic understanding of regionalized drought severity and characteristics confronting the risk of drought from climate variations in North Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.67-86
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of herbal medicine treatment for glucose and lipid metabolic abnormalities caused by polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) in 6 electronic databases and search key words were 'PCOS' and 'chinese medicine' or 'herbal medicine' and 'Metabolic syndrome' or 'glucose' or 'lipid'. The results of the studies were analyzed and the risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) tool. Results: We finally selected 7 studies. In 3 of selected studies, herbal medicine was more effective than western medicine in all outcomes and in other 3 selected studies, herbal medicine was partially more effective than western medicine. Conclusions: The study provides a basis for applying herbal medicine treatment to patients with metabolic syndrome caused by PCOS and helps developing a treatment protocol of caring patients with PCOS. But the limitation of this study is that the number of studies included is small and lack of uniformity of outcome indicators made it difficult to observe overall interrelationship between indicators.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

The main objective of this study was to evaluate Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios-based flood risk at a Si-Gun level. A bias correction using a quantile mapping method with the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was performed to correct future precipitation data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). A series of proxy variables including CN80 (Number of days over 80 mm) and CX3h (Maximum precipitation during 3-hr) etc. were used to carry out flood risk assessment. Indicators were normalized by a Z-score method and weighted by factors estimated by principal component analysis (PCA). Flood risk evaluation was conducted for the four different time periods, i.e. 1990s, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s, which correspond to 1976~2005, 2011~2040, 2041~2070, and 2071~2100. The average flood risk indices based on RCP4.5 scenario were 0.08, 0.16, 0.22, and 0.13 for the corresponding periods in the order of time, which increased steadily up to 2055s period and decreased. The average indices based on RCP8.5 scenario were 0.08, 0.23, 0.11, and 0.21, which decreased in the 2055s period and then increased again. Considering the average index during entire period of the future, RCP8.5 scenario resulted in greater risk than RCP4.5 scenario.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.445-455
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• 2021

Lake Van Basin, located in Eastern Turkey, is worth examining in terms of seismicity due to large-scale losses of property and life during the historical and instrumental period. The most important and largest province in this basin is Van. Recent indicators of the high seismicity risk in the province are damage occurring after devastating earthquakes in 2011 (Mw=7.2 and Mw=5.6) and lastly in 2020 Khoy (Mw=5.9). The seismic hazard analysis for Van and its districts in Eastern Turkey was performed in probabilistic manner. Analyses were made for thirteen different districts in Van. In this study, information is given about the tectonic setting and seismicity of Van. The probabilistic seismic hazard curves were obtained for a probability of exceedance of 2%, 10% and 50% in 50-year periods. The PGA values in the Van province vary from 0.24 g - 0.43 g for earthquakes with repetition period of 475 years. Risk priorities were determined for all districts. The highest risk was calculated for Çaldıran and the lowest risk was found for Gürpınar. Risk priorities for buildings in all districts were also determined via rapid seismic assessment for reinforced-concrete and masonry buildings in this study.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.368-378
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• 2018

Purpose: Fibrinogen and platelets have been reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The aim of this research was to investigate the combination of functions of fibrinogen, platelets, and mean platelet volume (MPV) in predicting the survival of patients with gastric cancer (GC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 1,946 patients with GC and 299 patients with benign gastric tumor to analyze their fibrinogen, platelet, and MPV levels, and other clinicopathological characteristics along with their prognoses. Several indicators were evaluated along with fibrinogen, platelets, and MPV and their prognostic abilities were assessed. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted to determine the independent risk factors for overall survival. Results: Increased levels of fibrinogen, platelets, and MPV were observed with the progress of the GC stages. Elevated fibrinogen, platelets, and the combined indicators, including fibrinogen*MPV (FM), platelet*fibrinogen*MPV (PFM), fibrinogen/MPV (FMR), platelet*fibrinogen (PF), platelet*fibrinogen/MPV (PFMR), platelet*MPV (PM), and platelet/MPV (PMR), foreboded poor prognosis. Meanwhile fibrinogen and FMR can be considered as independent risk factors for overall survival in patients with non-metastatic GC. But these indicators can hardly predict survival of patients in stage IV. Conclusions: Elevated fibrinogen, platelets, and MPV levels were in accordance with advanced stages, and fibrinogen, platelet, and MPV, in combination, can be used to predict survival of patients with non-metastatic GC. FMR was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival of patients with GC.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2024

Security assessment is an indispensable process for a secure network, and appropriate performance indicators must be present to manage risks. The most widely used quantitative indicator is CVSS. CVSS has a problem that it cannot consider context in terms of subjectivity, complexity of interpretation, and security risks. To compensate for these problems, we propose indicators that itemize and quantify four things: attackers, threats, responses, and assets, taking into account the security context of ISO/IEC 15408 documents. Vulnerabilities discovered through network scanning can be mapped to MITREATT&CK's technology by the connection between weaknesses and attack patterns (CAPEC). We use MITREATT&CK's Groups, Tactic, and Mitigations to produce consistent and intuitive scores. Accordingly, it is expected that security evaluation managers will have a positive impact on strengthening security such as corporate networks by expanding the range of choices among security indicators from various perspectives.