• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2021

Recently, pest-resistant living modified (LM) crops developed using RNA interference (RNAi) technology have been imported into South Korea. However, the potential adverse effects of unintentionally released RNAi-based LM crops on non-target species have not yet been reported. Coccinella septempunctata, which feeds on aphids, is an important natural enemy insect which can be exposed to the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) produced by RNAi-based LM plants. To assess the risk of ingestion of Snf7 dsRNA by C. septempunctata, we first identified the species through morphological analysis of collected insects. A method for species identification at the gene level was developed using a specific C. septempunctata 12S rRNA. Furthermore, an experimental model was devised to assess the risk of Snf7 dsRNA ingestion in C. septempunctata. Snf7 dsRNA was mass-purified using an effective dsRNA synthesis method and its presence in C. septempunctata was confirmed after treatment with purified Snf7 dsRNA. Finally, the survival rate, development time, and dry weight of Snf7 dsRNA-treated C. septempunctata were compared with those of GFP and vATPase A dsRNA control treatments, and no risk was found. This study illustrates an effective Snf7 dsRNA synthesis method, as well as a high-concentration domestic insect risk assessment method which uses dsRNA to assess the risk of unintentional released of LM organisms against non-target species.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2020

Background: The working conditions of bus drivers are difficult; they lead to occupational diseases and require careful study, particularly in Ukraine. The objective of the article is the description of occupational health risks of passenger bus drivers that lead to deteriorating health. Methods: The risk assessment was performed using a modified Risk Score method, which allowed determining the generalized level of danger to the driver's health. The hygienic hazards level was assessed as based on Stevenson's law, which was generalized later. Results: Based on the modification of the Risk Score method, it was possible to depart from expert assessments method of the risk level and calculate the general indicator based on the degree of dependence of the impact on the human body on its intensity, proposed by V. Minko. This allows objective determining of the impact of hygiene hazards on the health of the driver and to predict the occurrence of occupational diseases associated with the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, and partial or complete disability due to the accumulation of emotional fatigue. The hazard assessment was carried out for three brands of passenger buses common in Ukraine, in which the driver is exposed to the dangers of fever, vibration, noise, harmful impurities in the bus cabin, and emotional load. Conclusion: The health of drivers in the cabins of passenger buses is most affected by hygiene hazards: fever, vibration, and emotional stress. The generalized level of risk is calculated by the modified method of Risk Score is 0.83; -0.99, -0.92 respectively.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2737-2742
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• 2007

Strong wind flow around a building complex was numerically studied by LES. The original motivation of this work stemmed from the efforts to develop a risk assessment technique for windstorm hazards. Lagrangian-averaged scale-invariant dynamic subgrid-scale model was used for turbulence modeling, and a log-law-based wall model was employed on all the solid surfaces including the ground and the surface of buildings to replace the no-slip condition. The shape of buildings was implemented on the Cartesian grid system by an immersed boundary method. Key flow quantities for the risk assessment such as mean and RMS values of pressure on the surface of the selected buildings are presented. In addition, characteristics of the velocity field at some selected locations vital to safety of human beings is also reported.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1425-1432
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• 2011

The various risk assessment methodologies have been introduced in the railway industries. The risk assessment suggested by CENELEC are described with two ways; quantitative and qualitative methods. However, in the industry application level, the quantitative method is hard to apply for a project because of somehow complicated or few statistical figures which was driven from the on-site and the qualitative method is too subject to have the confidence of its results fully. In this paper, the state-of-the-art methods which were suggested in Europe recently are introduced and compared to existing quantitative and qualitative methods. Furthermore, the application measures of railway projects are investigated.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.92-119
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• 2010

As the necessity to utilize deep-placed underground spaces is increasing, we have to seriously consider the safety problems arising from the U/G spaces which is a restricted environment. Due to the higher cost of land compensation for above ground area and environmental issues, the plan to utilize deep-placed U/G spaces is currently only being established for the construction of U/G road network and GTX. However it is also expected that the U/G spaces are to be used as a living space because of the growing desires to change the above ground areas into the environmentally green spaces. Accordingly it is necessary to protect the U/G environments which is vulnerable against desasters caused by fire, explosion, flooding, terrorism, electric power failure, etc. properly. We want to introduce the principles of the Quantitative Risk Assessment(QRA) method for preparedness against the desasters arising from U/G environments, and also want to introduce an example of QRA which was implemented for the GOTTHARD tunnel which is the longest one in Europe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2014

Asbestos is given to a variety of six naturally occurring silicate minerals. These minerals possess high tensile strength, flexibility, resistance to chemical and thermal degradation, and electrical resistance. These minerals have been used for decades in thousands of commercial products, such as insulation and fireproofing materials, automotive brakes, textile products, cement and wallboard materials. When handled, asbestos can separate into microscopic-size particles that remain in the air and are easily inhaled. It is now known that prolonged inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious and fatal illnesses including malignant lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Therefore the use of asbestos and asbestos products has dramatically decreased in recent years. Also all constructions including asbestos should be removed under strictly controlled conditions and very tightly implemented health & safety management systems. In this study, the process of the removal work of the asbestos cement slate was analyzed by IDEF-0 modeling and evaluated by 4M risk assessment method. The results show that removal work of the asbestos cement slate was classified five process and eighteen detail process. The risk of safety side the higher than the risk of health side in 4M risk assessment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2012

Object: The aim of this study is to suggest a list of priority chemicals for the Hazard & Risk Evaluation of Chemicals (HREC) controlled by the Industrial Safety and Health Act (ISHA). Method: Screening assessment was done for 642 chemicals whose exposure threshold limit values were set by the Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL). Hazard data were collected from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA) and/or other toxicity database. Exposure data were obtained from KOSHA internal database. The hazard and exposure scores of chemicals were listed by order of priority in accordance with GHS classification and exposure index data. Result: From the result of screening risk assessment for 642 chemicals, we extracted a list of 13 priority chemicals for HREC performed by the ISHA. A priority list of 27 chemicals which have carcinogen, mutagen and/or reproductive toxicity but not controlled by the ISHA was suggested for additional evaluation as "chemicals for special management".

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.665-676
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• 2017

Over the past several years, sea trade have increased traffic by ships which highlighted a problem of unwanted species invading the surrounding seas through ship's ballast water discharge. Maritime trade volume has continuously increased worldwide and the problem still exists. The respective countries are spending billions of dollars in an effort to clean up the contamination and prevent pollution. As part of an effort to solve marine environmental problem, BWM(Ballast Water Management) convention was adopted at a diplomatic conference on Feb. 13 2004. In order to comply harmoniously this convention by each country. This convention will be effective after 12 months from the date which 30 countries ratified accounting for more than 35% of the world merchant shipping volume. On Sep. 8 2016, Finland ratified this convention and effective condition was satisfied as 52 states and world merchant vessel fleet 35.1441%. Thus, after Sep. 8 2017, all existing vessels shall be equipped with BWTS(Ballast Water Treatment System) in accordance with D-2 Regulation, which physically handles ballast water from ballast water exchange system(D-1 Regulation). In this study, we analyzed in detail the optimal design method using the Risk Analysis and Evaluation technique which is mainly used in the manufacturing factory or the risky work site comparing with the traditional design concept method applying various criteria. The Risk Assessment Method is a series of processes for finding the Risk Factors in the design process, analyzing a probility of the accident and size of the accident and then quantifying the Risk Incidence and finally taking measures. In this study, this method was carried out for Electrolysis treatment type on DWT 180K Bulk Carrier using "HAZOP Study" method among various methods. In the Electrolysis type, 63 hazardous elements were identified.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2007

In order to apply a static fault-tree (FT) method to a system or a plant whose configuration changes dynamically, condition gates and a post processing method are used to effectively accommodate these changes. An operator's performance change, which can be caused by these configuration changes, should also be considered to assess the risk to a plant in a more realistic manner. This study aims to develop an integrated framework to accommodate various configuration changes and their effect on an operator’s performance by using the FT model. We applied a condition-based human reliability assessment (CBHRA) method to consider various conditions endured by an operator. That is, we integrated the CBHRA method with the conventional post processing method for modeling the system configuration changes. The effect of the condition monitoring systems installed in a plant is also considered. In this study, we show an example application of the integrated framework to a probabilistic safety assessment for the shutdown phase of a nuclear power plant.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.567-576
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• 1996

Air pollution has been recognized for many years as a factor which heightens the risk of cancer. Extractable polycyclic organic matters in air particulates have been recognized as to have carcinogenic effects. This study examined the health risks posed by organic substances of air particulates in Seoul based on methodelogies that have been developed for conducting risk posed by organic substances of sir particulates in Seoul based on methodologies that have been developed for conducting risk assessment of complex -chemical-mixture. The data used in this study was obtained from air samples collected in a heavy traffic area of Seoul (Shinchon) from 1986 to 1994. The mean concentration of total supended pariculates was 158.0.mu.g/m/msup 3/, 5% of which is consisted of organic matter. The excess cancer risk from benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) was estimated to be 3.48.times.10$^{-6}$ by applying BaP unit risk estimates to the mean concentration. 8.74ng/m BaP equivalents of potency method was 1.0.times.10$^{-3}$ . The calculated risk from EOM were comparably higher than that from benzo(a)pyrene and exceeded the acceptable risk level.