• 토지주택연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

유엔세계관광기구(UNWTO)는 1991년 관광약자를 위한 '모두를 위해 접근 가능한 관광'을 선언하며 관광향유권의 실천을 권고하였다. 보건복지부(2019)에 따르면 관광약자인 등록장애인은 전체 인구 대비 5.1%이며, 2025년 65세 이상 노인 인구는 20.3%까지 증가할 것으로 전망된다. 특히 65세 이상 노년층 장애인의 비율이 지속적으로 증가하면서 맞춤형 정책의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 필요성을 바탕으로 관광 취약계층을 고려한 유니버설 디자인 관광지의 공간적 특성을 파악하였다. 이를 위해 서울시 행정동(425개)을 공간적 범위로 설정하였으며, 시간적 범위는 2020년으로 설정하였다. 연구방법으로는 먼저, LM 검증을 통해 적합한 공간 모형을 추정한 후, 적합한 모형을 적용한 공간회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 유니버설 디자인 관광지의 공간적 특성은 관광약자가 이용 가능한 시설로 인증된 유니버설 인증업소 수, 외식업소 수, 버스정류장 수와 정(+)의 영향관계를 갖는 것으로 나타나 유니버설 디자인 관광지가 밀집된 행정동에 유니버설 인증업소와 외식업소, 버스정류장이 다수 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 향후 관광향유권의 도모를 위한 정책과 국내의 유니버설 디자인 정책 개선에 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.25-42
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• 2004

This study set out to investigate the relations between middle school students' perception of body image and their allowance for plastic surgery, to understand their perception of body image and desire for plastic surgery, and provide some data needed to warn against reckless plastic surgery and guide the students effectively. For those purposes, an examination was conducted of the relationships between the individual characteristics and perception levels of body image, the individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery, and perception levels of body image and allowance for plastic surgery. The subjects were drawn from sour middle schools located in two regions of Gyeonggi Province. Total 922 boys and girls were surveyed on a questionnaire, which was developed based on the pretest of previous literature, reviewed for appropriateness, and tested for reliability and reasonableness. The body image on the five scale was greater as the perception level was higher. The allowance for plastic surgery was also greater as the scores were more. The findings were as follows: First, the relationships between individual characteristics and perception levels of body image were examined. The third graders showed the highest perception level, being followed by the first and second graders. The girls were more perceptive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more perceptive than those who were introvert. Those students whose parents earned 2 million won or more a month and who adapted themselves to the environmental changes had a higher perception level. In a word, the girls from the middle class that were well adapted, felt happy, and were extrovert had a higher perception level of body image. Second, the connections between individual characteristics and allowance for plastic surgery were investigated. The third graders were the most admissive of plastic surgery, followed by the second and first graders. That is, the upper graders were more admissive of plastic surgery. In addition, the girls were more admissive than the boys, and those who were extrovert were more than those who were introvert. There were no significant differences according to the monthly income of the parents, grades, adaptability to surroundings, and happiness, which results almost resembled the findings of a study conducted on adults. Third, there were negative correlations found between the perception levels of body image and the allowance for plastic surgery. To elaborate, the higher the perception levels were, the lower the allowance was, and vice versa. As for the items, the subjects showed more allowance for plastic surgery when they scored less in the item of caring about appearance, importance of looking pretty to others, and efforts to improve appearance. When they had a low value of body and easily felt tired, they were highly acceptive of plastic surgery. The allowance for plastic surgery was also great when their perception was much of how healthy they felt, how important they felt about their bodies, how they were satisfied with their current appearances, how they evaluated the appearance of others, how much they were satisfied physically, and how much demanding they were for physical changes. Meanwhile, there were no correlations between the allowance and physical attraction, the degree for one's activities to be hindered, and sickness. In short, the demand for plastic surgery was 41% for the girls and 20.2% for the boys. Just as the study on adults reported, those who had a low or negative perception of body image were more acceptive of plastic surgery. The middle school students were generally positive about their bodies with the lowest perception level at 2.91 and the highest at 3.21. Their individual allowance for plastic surgery was related to their individual body images, which were in turn affected by the mass communication, surrounding environments, and social values. Thus it's necessary for the entire society to try to improve or change the overall perception. Helping measures should be taken so that the students can form right sense of values about their bodies, avoid the obsession with appearance and appearance-based evaluation, and exercise righteous criteria against humans beings and things. In conclusions, the following suggestions were made: they need to develop such questionnaires or tools as can measure the body image of teens and fit the reality. Moreover, body image improvement programs should be more diverse and more applicable to teens. Despite the consistent reports that prove the correlations between body image and plastic surgery, there has been little effort to apply such factors as experience of the life of the disabled, volunteer activities for the disabled and at the hospitals, and others that can induce changes to body image to the body image improvement programs. In the future, comparative research should be carried out on body image and plastic surgery.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.475-487
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• 1998

This is a study to search for the ethical basis for valid informed consent of organ donors. It is an admirable action that a person give his own body part or organ as a gift to another person. The organ for transplantation can be removed only when the donor consents voluntarily to donation. It is recently proposed as the need for organ transplantation is increased that organs can be harvested although the consent of deceased cannot be obtained. This may raise many moral issues because human beings all have an unalienable right to control their own bodies. The principle of autonomy is usually regarded as an ethical basis for informed consent. However, some people criticize that the principle of autonomy requires a person and his decision to be autonomous (but there are many patients who aren't autonomous due to their confusion or unconscious condition in a clinical situation). or this principle can foster indifference to patients needing help: thus respect for principles of care and beneficence is necessary. When we consider the complexity of making a decision about organ donation. the principle of autonomy should be replaced by the principle of respect for individual autonomy. as expressed by Childress (1990). This principle requires the care givers to respect the client's individual decisions. The elements of informed consent are threshold elements: competence to understand and decide. voluntariness in deciding: information elements: disclosure of material information. recommendation of a plan. understanding of disclosure and recommendation: and consent elements: decision in favor of a plan. authorization of the chosen plan. In cases of living donors. the elements of competence and voluntariness are more important than the others. So only an adult can give a recipient his own body part. but it should be forbidden to harvest from minors or protected adults (i.e. developmentally disabled person However. when organs are removed from a cadaver donor. we ought to respect the donor's decision. So we ought to try to seek donor cards or any documents expressing the donor's opinion about organ transplant. All health care givers ought to disclose donor information about organ transplantation clearly enough for the donor to understand it and to be able to weigh the harms and benefits. We are going to propose 'the subjective standard' as the ethical standard of disclosure. This standard will assure that patients have enough information to be able to decide autonomously from their own position. Care givers have to consider the method of disclosure because donors can be influenced by it positively or negatively, Establishment of the Hospital Committee is recommended. because medical professionals will have a chance to discuss the procedure of decision and the validity of harvesting a organ from a person.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제35권
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• pp.231-261
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• 1998

본 연구는 일반인들의 정신장애인에 대한 편견적 태도 및 생각이 어느정도인가를 살펴보고자 하는데 목적을 둔 것으로 크게 3개 차원에서의 비교연구에 초점을 두었다. 하나는 인구사회학적 및 지역별 차이에 따른 일반인의 정신장애인에 대한 편견비교이며, 다른 하나는 지체장애인아 대한 편견과의 비교이며, 마지막 하나는 정신장애인, 그 가족, 그리고 전문가들의 편견과의 비교분석이다. 연구대상은 18세 이상의 성인으로, 일반인 300명, 정신장애인, 그 가족, 전문가 각 100명씩 총 600명이다. 표본은 우선 지역을 선점한 후 지역내 조사답변자를 선점하였다. 지역으로는 서울, 경산, 홍성이 선정되었고, 일반인은 무작위표집하였으며, 나머지는 각 지역의 병 의원을 통해 표집하였다. 자료수집에는 정신장애인 편견척도, 장애인 편견척도를 포함한 설문지를 활용하였다. 분석결과, 우리나라 일반인의 정신장애인에 대한 편견은 그다지 심하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한 인간으로서 이들을 수용하는 정도는 높았으나, 이들에게 '사회적응하여 사는 사람'으로 '사회인'으로서의 역할을 부여하는데 있어서는 아직까지 낮은 수용도를 보이고 있었다. 특히 병원에 입원한 정신장애인에 대한 부정적 인식이 컷으며, 사회봉사의 경험이 편견의 정도를 낮추는데 지대한 공헌을 하였다. 장애인에 대한 편견과의 비교에서는 격리치료에서는 정신장애인에게, 불임수술에서는 장애인에게 높은 편견적 태도를 보였다. 대도시에서의 편견은 낮은 반면, 중소도시와 군/읍단위에서의 편견은 항목별로 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 나이, 교육적도, 월수입에 따른 차이도 크게 보였다. 정신장애인들의 자기편견의 경우도 항목별 차이를 보이는 가운데 타인과의 관계속에서 이해되는 부분에 대한 편견이 높았다. 가족과 전문가에게서도 대체로 낮은 편견을 보이는 가운데 항목별 차이를 나타냈다. 이같은 결과는 특정편견에 긍정적, 부정적 영향을 미치는 요소들에 대해 전분가의 개입이 필요함을 드러내 준 것이다. 정신보건정책의 수립에 있어서도 입원치료중심의 정책이 아니라 지역사회에서 사회전체가 정신장애인들의 인권을 인정해주는 사회통합의 정책을 마련하여야 함도 시사해주고 있다고 하겠다.