• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.600-612
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• 2012

Nutritional researchers world-wide are using large-scale sample survey methods to study nutritional health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non-clinical populations. This article provides a review of important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys, such as national health and nutrition examination survey. A comparative data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to illustrate analytical procedures and design effects for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters, and test statistics. This article focused on the following points, method of approach to analyze of the sample survey data, right software tools available to perform these analyses, and correct survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data. It addresses the question of approaches to analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design effects on the parameter estimates, test statistics, and significance probabilities (p values) for univariate and multivariate analyses.

• 연구윤리
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper aimed to examine the ethical considerations that are the basis for many functions in the healthcare field. The key ethical values in global health, as well as future considerations imperative to this area, were observed. Research design, data and methodology: The current study utilized the past literature studies that were examined in the field of global health. An overview of the role of ethics in the healthcare field, as well as important considerations that needed to be taken into account in order to provide advancements in this area, were investigated. Results: Ethics are an important set of principles that guides humankind into the right conduct or action to better society and each other. Ethical values are one of the pinnacle points for any healthcare provider, as healthcare is not only considered from the aspect of patient health and well-being, but also in its role of keeping ethical guidelines to achieve the best possible care for a patient. Conclusions: A comprehensive understanding of healthcare is needed in order to tackle next generational challenges in global health. These ethical considerations will inevitably play a significant role in harnessing the patient-healthcare professional relationships as well as care for the shortening of a global disparity on healthcare.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Background: This study aims to analyze West African pregnancy experienced women's self-rated health and related factors in Democratic Republic (DR) of the Congo, and provide basic data which can be used in developing maternal and child heath projects and health promotion programs to enhance women's self-rated health in the DR Congo. Methods: A survey was conducted among 400 women, 300 of whom were from Kenge and 100 from Boko in Bandundu Province. Three hundred and fifty-two questionnaires were administered on factors expected to affect the self-rated health, categorized into basic information and economic status of respondents, healthcare service, and illness patterns. The hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed taking each variable into account. Results: The results show that those who have had nutrition education, work in the office, have no health insurance, or have had no illness for the last one year perceive themselves to be in good health. Conclusion: To improve the self-rated health status and promote maternal and child health in DR Congo, the results suggest that the government or relevant agencies should develop programs to educate people regarding health and nutrition, and policies based on the right status of each country. Systems are also required for healthcare at all social levels along with aspects to avoid illness in daily life.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.130-135
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• 1997

A pilot study was undertaken to examine the possible health effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). An experimental study was performed for two weeks of preexposure, exposure, postexposure period of February-May 1997 to determine changes in melatonin levels in urine of five volunteers before or after exposure to electric mattress during their normal sleeping hours. An urine sample was collected at about 8 a.m. right after getting up from each volunteer. Average melatonin levels seemed to be 1.6 times lower during EMF exposure period for two weeks than the corresponding levels during preexposure period. Mean melatonin levels in postexposure period were lower than the corresponding levels in preexposure period. It suggested that melatonin levels were likely to take more two weeks for recovering the preexposure melatonin level. Further research is underway with regard to EMF exposure effects on melatonin levels between occupational and nonoccupational groups.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to obtain the basic data for an industrial oral health project enhancing the quality of life and oral health. Methods : Questionnaire consisted of 17 questions including 7 questions of general characteristics, 5 questions of oral health awareness, and 5 questions of the behavior of oral health. A self-reported questionnaire was carried out from September 1 to September 28, 2012, The subjects were 400 male and female sanitation workers in private corporations in Jeonju. A total of 354 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS windows ver. 12.0 (SPSS Inc. Korea). Results : The majority of the subjects were male in 50's. Temporary contract workers are older aged and 2 to 5 years of career workers were the majority of the cleaners. Average monthly income was less than 2 million Korean Won. Those who had a higher academic background and permanent position tended to have oral health knowledge (p<0.05). Female workers had healthier subjective oral health status than male workers. Those who were in older age, single, temporary position, and 2 to 5 years of career tended to have healthier subjective oral health status (p<0.05). Those who were in older age, married, and long period of employment were worrying about their health (p<0.05). The subjective oral health knowledge was high in 49.7% of the workers because they were not able to brush teeth during work hours. They were able to brush their teeth only after dinner. It was low in female and older aged workers (p<0.05). The brushing method included a combination of top to bottom and from the side to side. Conclusions : This study showed the influencing factor of oral health in street workers. Work environment, education, age, monthly income, and types of employment were the important factors to oral health care. It is necessary to provide the right oral health care program for the workers in the near future.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

Background: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. Results: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. Conclusion: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

This study was conducted in cut rose cultivation field in Goyang to evaluate pesticide exposure of farmers and the relationship between the exposure and work environment/method for cut rose farmers. Dermal exposure was assessed with patch (thin chromatography layer paper), cotton glove by body parts during mixing and spraying works in which pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate pesticide were used in 4 cut rose greenhouses located in Goyang province, checking characteristics of environment/working method at the same time. Body parts assessed were as follows ; glove : hand, patch : head, neck(front/back), chest, back, shoulder(right/left), upperarm(right/left), forearm(right/left), thigh(right/left), shin(right/left). Pesticides were analyzed using gas chromatography(NPD/FID) after extracting with ethyl acetate. Exposure amount differed according to pesticide type. But after standardizing with total net weight of pesticide sprayed, there were no significant difference among pesticides. There were significant difference in exposure amount among body parts(especially exposure amount of thigh, shin were more than the others), which means exposure happen not by pesticide dispersion in air but by contact with cut rose(leaf, branch) indirectly. Walking forward during spraying made farmers more exposed than waling backward, these results means contacts with leaves/branches made exposure happen in cut rose greenhouse also. As a result, pesticide exposure in cut rose greenhouse was related with contact of leaf/branch which pesticide remained in, which made exposure pattern (especially exposure amount) differ by body parts

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2003

This study examined the relationship between body fitness and body composition as well as the body fluid and intracellular fluid (ICF) of extremities to determine body composition's quantitative criteria for body fitness. Multiple-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis and the physical fitness test provided by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology were used to measure body composition and physical fitness, respectively. The test results showed that in women in their fifties, the correlation between the amount of body fluid in the upper limbs and grip strength was r=.654 (p<0.01) for the right arm and r=.445 for the left while that between the amount of ICF in the upper limbs and grip strength was r=.708 (p<0.01) for the right and r=.323 for the left. Also, in women in their fifties, the correlation between the amount of body fluid in the lower limbs and the result of a repetitive side jump test was r=.730 for the right leg and r=.753 for the left (p<0.01 for both), and that between the amount of ICF and the counts for the right and left legs was even higher with r=.742 and r=.763, respectively (p<0.01 for both). The body fluid and ICF volumes in the right extremities exceeded those in the left, and physical fitness was correlated with both body fluid and ICF. These findings indicate a connection between physical fitness and body fluid and ICF, suggesting that body composition may help predict physical fitness.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.337-354
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• 1989

In order to evaluate the noisy environment and hearing loss of workers served in noisy working environment, the author investigated 212 manufacturing industries located in Ulsan Industrial District that could be observed for 3 successive years from 1986 to 1988. The obtained results were as follows: 1. There was increased tendency in the number of workers served in noisy working environment and that of examined of hearing loss for three years. 2. In the noise level of working environment, the number of industries less than 89dB(A) was increased every year, while more than 90dB(A) was in decreasing tendency. 3. Mean hearing loss by frequency was the most prominent in 4,000Hz, the level of hearing loss was in increasing tendency yearly, and that of left eat was higher than right ear in almost all type of industry. 4. In 1986, the level of hearing loss by type of industry was highest in manufacture of electric and electronic, and followed by paper and plywood, and metal products in right ear: that was in the order of manufacture of electric and electronic, metal products and textile products in left ear. In 1987, that was in the order of manufacture of metal products, machinery and others in right ear, and metal products, machinery and food stuff in left ear in 1988, manufacture of others, food stuff and machinery in both ear. 5. In hearing loss by service duration, right ear of 5-9 years group was higher than that of less than 5 years in 1987, whereas in 1988, the longer in service duration, the higher in the level of hearing loss in both ear. 6. In 1986, 1987 and 1988, the prevalence rate of noise-induced hearing loss were showed increasing tendency as 0.4% ,0.8% and 1.5% , respectively, and manufacture of textile products was highest(1.0%) in 1986, machinery(1.2%) in 1987 and others(2.8%) in 1988. 7. The proportion of grade E in early loss index were 76.1% (1986), 78.2% (1987) and 80.5% (1988) in left ear, 75.9% (1986), 76.4% (1987) and 75.9% (1988) in right ear.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the general attitude of dental hygiene students toward the disabled and their oral care in an effort to improve their awareness of the disabled and their accessibility to them and suggest some of the right directions for dental hygiene education related to dental treatment for the disabled. The subjects in this study were dental hygiene students at three different colleges located in South Jeolla Province. The general attitude of the selected students toward the disabled and their oral care were investigated from November 1 to December 20, 2007. The findings of the study were as follows: When their general attitude toward disabled people was checked, they agreed the most that there was nothing that the disabled lagged behind nondisabled people. Those who felt the need for that took a more positive attitude in eight items, and the differences between them and the others were significant. Whether they were cognizant of the necessity of dental treatment education for the disabled made the most significant differences to each variable of their attitude toward the oral care of disabled people, and those who were aware of the necessity showed a more positive attitude in five items. The differences between them and the others were significant. The findings of the study illustrated that the dental hygiene students took a relatively favorable attitude toward disabled people's oral health care, and that they hardly felt a sense of distance to them. So it can be predicted that they will get to take the right attitude to them in the future. Yet the dental hygiene curriculum should give more weight to dental treatment education for the disabled and offer more relevant information, since they didn't get high scores on positive attitude.