• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents at intersections have been increased annually so that it is required to examine the causations to reduce the accidents. However, the current existing accident models were developed mainly with non-linear regression models such as Poisson methods. These non-linear regression methods lack to reveal complicated causations for traffic accidents, though they are right choices to study randomness and non-linearity of accidents. Therefore, to reveal the complicated causations of traffic accidents, this study used structural equation methods(SEM). METHODS : SEM used in this study is a statistical technique for estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. SEM allow exploratory modeling, meaning they are suited to theory development. The method is tested against the obtained measurement data to determine how well the model fits the data. Among the strengths of SEM is the ability to construct latent variables: variables which are not measured directly, but are estimated in the model from several measured variables. This allows the modeler to explicitly capture the unreliability of measurement in the model, which allows the structural relations between latent variables to be accurately estimated. RESULTS : The study results showed that causal factors could be grouped into 3. Factor 1 includes traffic variables, and Factor 2 contains turning traffic variables. Factor 3 consists of other road element variables such as speed limits or signal cycles. CONCLUSIONS : Non-linear regression models can be used to develop accident predictions models. However, they lack to estimate causal factors, because they select only few significant variables to raise the accuracy of the model performance. Compared to the regressions, SEM has merits to estimate causal factors affecting accidents, because it allows the structural relations between latent variables. Therefore, this study used SEM to estimate causal factors affecting accident at urban signalized intersections.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.840-847
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• 2005

This study was written in order to help understanding of visible diagnosis of energy and color(기색). Visible diagnosis of energy and color is a very important factor of diagnosis and a necessary step of visible diagnosis. As human's body is under the control of spirit(신) and spirit(신) is stored by five viscera(오장), so spirit expresses the change of five viscera and is reflected by energy and color(기색). Strictly speaking, energy and color(기색) is not divided into each other. But, we can say that glittering glossy part belongs to energy(기) and blue, red, yellow, white and black part belongs to color(색). Various changes of energy and color(기색) observe the rules of yin-yang(음양). If we consider the interior and exterior(내외), top and bottom(상하), right and left(좌우), rise and fall(부침), clearness and muddiness(청탁), weak and severe(미심), spread and gather(산박), gloss and dness(택요) etc. we can decide the yin and yang(음양), inside and outside(표리), coldness and heatness(한열), truth and false(허보), life and death(생사) and prognosis. One man's own color is determined by the five human type(오형인), There are very various points of changing colors. As divided into principal groups, there are three main groups, that is, sky(천), earth(지) and man(인). A season(사시), day and night(주야) and cloud and clear(음청) belong to the factor of sky(천), a direction and configuration of the ground(지형) belong 治 the factor of earth(지), and motion and rest(동정), seven emotions(칠정), age and youth(노소), poor and rich(빈부) and high and low(귀천) belong to the factor of man(인).

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the utilization and satisfaction of lunchbox by considering the dietary lifestyle of the consumer, in order to refine the purchasing behavior of adults with experience in using lunchboxes, and to provide basic data for efficient menu configuration and direction towards improvement. Methods: A total of 600 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do answered a self-administered questionnaire designed to investigate general characteristics, utilization, menu preference, satisfaction, prospection, and improvement of lunchbox, according to the dietary lifestyle. Results: The study subjects were classified into 5 groups: 'taste seeking group', 'safety seeking group', 'health seeking group', 'economic seeking group' and 'convenience seeking group. Considering purchase value of the lunchbox, the 'taste seeking group' had a high utilization rate (35.1%) for prices less than 4,000 won (P < 0.05). Lunchboxes were mainly purchased at the lunchbox store (43.3%) and convenience store (37.7%). The important factor that contributed to purchasing a lunchbox was taste (61.3%), which was highest in the 'taste seeking group' (P < 0.01). The 'health seeking group' showed the highest preference for the low-salt diet lunchbox menu (26.0%) (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of 'health seeking groups' was lowest when considering addition of condiments (2.34%), origin of ingredient (2.59%), and provided calorie (2.81%) (P < 0.05). The overall response indicated future use of the lunchbox (69.6%) (P < 0.01); 35.8% respondents recommended the purchase of lunchbox, where convenience of purchase was the highest factor contributing to recommendation (50.2%) (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that taste was emphasized in every group purchasing the lunch box. Convenience of purchase was the highest factor contributing to satisfaction, which was relatively low when considering addition of condiments, nutrition and origin of ingredients. We propose that it is necessary to improve the development of various menus for increasing satisfaction by selecting the right ingredients contributing to good health of the consumer.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2008

Objective : Acupuncture (from the Latin acus, "needle," and pungere, "to prick") is a technique of inserting and manipulating fine needles at specific points on the body. As a placebo acupuncture needle device was developed based on the visual impact of needling, it has been raised that it is useful only when acupuncture points and needling are visible to subjects. To examine the visual factor of the placebo acupuncture, the present study was aimed to compare the blinding index of the verum and placebo acupuncture between masked and unmasked situation. Methods : Thirty-six patients were randomly alloted to be stimulated with a verum or placebo acupuncture in a cross-over design. They were asked to guess a right answer whether they were stimulated with the verum or placebo acupuncture at LI4 in an unmasked or masked situation. The penetrating, pain, and deqi sensations were also measured after the stimulation using modified visual analogue scale. Results : The correct answer rate of the placebo acupuncture was 22.2% and 16.7% in an unmasked and masked situation, respectively (P>0.767). The blinding index of the placebo acupuncture was -0.56 (95%CI -0.84 to -0.27) and -0.67 (95%CI -0.91 to -0.42) in an unmasked and masked situation, respectively. The penetrating and deqi sensation of the verum acupuncture were significantly higher than those of the placebo acupuncture in both unmasked and masked situation. The pain sensation of the verum acupuncture was significantly higher than that of the placebo acupuncture in masked situation, but not in unmasked situation. Conclusion : Blinding of the placebo acupuncture was successful both in the unmasked and masked situation. These finding indicate that visual factor might not play a critical role in blinding of the placebo needle. We suggest that placebo needle would be also useful in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan even when the subject could not see the placebo needle.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.423-431
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin on brain hypoxic-ischemic (HI) damage in neonatal rats and whether the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is involved. Brain HI damage models were established in neonatal rats, which received the following treatments: curcumin by intraperitoneal injection before injury, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by subcutaneous injection after injury, and VEGF by intracerebroventricular injection after injury. This was followed by neurological evaluation, hemodynamic measurements, histopathological assessment, TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting to assess the expression of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, and VEGF. Compared with rats that underwent sham operation, rats with brain HI damage showed remarkably increased neurological deficits, reduced right blood flow volume, elevated blood viscosity and haematocrit, and aggravated cell damage and apoptosis; these injuries were significantly improved by curcumin pretreatment. Meanwhile, brain HI damage induced the overexpression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and VEGF, while curcumin pretreatment inhibited the expression of these proteins. In addition, IGF-1 treatment rescued the curcumin-induced down-regulated expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and VEGF, and VEGF overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effect of curcumin on brain HI damage. Overall, pretreatment with curcumin protected against brain HI damage by targeting VEGF via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neonatal rats.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2021

Today, both sides of modern culture are decisively invaded by digitalization. Authentication is considered to be one of the main components in keeping this process secure. Cyber criminals are working hard in penetrating through the existing network channels to encounter malicious attacks. When it comes to enterprises, the company's information is a major asset. Question here arises is how to protect the vital information. This takes into account various aspects of a society often termed as hyper connected society including online communication, purchases, regulation of access rights and many more. In this research paper, we will discuss about the concepts of MFA and KBA, i.e., Multi-Factor Authentication and Knowledge Based Authentication. The purpose of MFA and KBA its utilization for human.to.everything..interactions, offering easy to be used and secured validation mechanism while having access to the service. In the research, we will also explore the existing yet evolving factor providers (sensors) used for authenticating a user. This is an important tool to protect data from malicious insiders and outsiders. Access Management main goal is to provide authorized users the right to use a service also preventing access to illegal users. Multiple techniques can be implemented to ensure access management. In this paper, we will discuss various techniques to ensure access management suitable for enterprises, primarily focusing/restricting our discussion to multifactor authentication. We will also highlight the role of knowledge-based authentication in multi factor authentication and how it can make enterprises data more secure from Cyber Attack. Lastly, we will also discuss about the future of MFA and KBA.

• 동양고전연구
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• 제36호
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• pp.85-104
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• 2009

본 연구는 "논어(論語)"라는 커뮤니케이션 텍스트에서 커뮤니케이터, 수용자, 메시지 등 세 가지 커뮤니케이션 요소를 축으로 하여, 커뮤니케이션 속성의 근거를 찾고자 한 것이다. 여기에는 기존 논어 관련 커뮤니케이션학적 연구의 한계 극복과 학제간 연구의 당위성 및 필요성 제고 의도 또한 포함되고 있다. "논어"가 커뮤니케이션 텍스트인 이유는 문답이라는 인간의 대표적인 커뮤니케이션 방식 사용, 학문 정치 도덕 등과 같은 생활세계의 커뮤니케이션 현상이라는 콘텐츠 특성, 후세에 끼친 영향력이 매우 크기 때문이다. 기존 논어 관련 커뮤니케이션 학적 연구의 문제들은 연구 대상과 연구틀 간 학문적 정합성 논의가 미흡하고, 시론적 속성 기축성(基軸性) 배제 등이 있다. 때문에 본 연구방식을 사용하면 특정 주제 중심의 텍스트 발췌 및 그 재해석을 통해 해결 가능할 것이다. "논어"속에서의 커뮤니케이션 속성은 신실한 윤리성과 논리 및 실천력 등 커뮤니케이터의 요건이 있고, 그리고 이를 토대로 한 도덕적 인간의 이상형으로서 군자(君子) 등이 있다. 또한 어떠한 상황에서도 적절한 메시지 구사 능력 및 선별 판단 능력 그리고 상호 커뮤니케이션 상황의 주도력 등과 같은 수용자 필요조건, 윤리와 이치에 맞으면서 반드시 실천되어야 하는 커뮤니케이션 윤리 실천의 객체인 메시지의 덕목 등이 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Purpose - In case of automobile parts, there has been a lot of progress in the study on supplier development plans and SCM in industrial progress study as well as on the relationship between ERP and SCM. But supplier development program providers have researched on SCM performance in accordance with the interests of the supplier development program most, thus, buyers were knowledgeable about the earlier program performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to prove correlation factor, supplier factor, purchaser factor affecting SCM performance and ERP activating diffusion through the process of supplier development. Supplier development maturity formation model is considered important variables as mediators related to the procedure. Finally, the performance formation model of the supplier development maturity through supplier development factor would be presented as the outcome of this study. Research design, data, and methodology - Data gathering was as follows: questionnaires were delivered to 87 companies that have business connection with H Company. The empirical research to test our hypothesis was grounded on statistical analysis (adapting SPSS 19.0 & AMOS 19.0). The hypothesis is that the supplier development factor variables consist of correlation factor, supplier factor, purchaser factor, and have non-negative effects on the next variables: mediators such as supplier development maturity; and the supplier development maturity variables have a positive effect on the next variables: ERP activating diffusion, ERP activating diffusion has a non-negative effect on supply chain performance. We experimented the hypothesized model using path analysis with latent variables. Results - First, it was known that cooperation

, reliability

, comprehension on the purpose of SDP

, adaptation of change

, knowledge transfer program

, have significant positive effects on supplier development maturity. Second, supplier development maturity has positive effects significantly on ERP activating diffusion

. Finally, the causal relationships from ERP activating diffusion to SCM performance were significantly accepted. Its significance, as through the hypotheses, presented a structural model for the elaboration, suppliers develop maturity, and ultimately SCM performance that affect ERP leveraging spread beyond the concept of maturity of information system. Therefore, it was a mainstay of research on the existing ERP has they believed. Conclusion - First, with the fast changes in business circumstances, company should get the right information to implement SCM appropriately. For successful SCM, firms should understand the supplier development maturity formation and ERP activating diffusion. Second, supplier development factor has significant effects on supplier development maturity. Third, mediator such as supplier development maturity significantly affects ERP activating diffusion. Finally, ERP activating diffusion has significant impacts on SCM performance. This study makes a meaningful contribution to further appreciation on how supplier development maturity formation affects SCM performance. This study shows implications. First, there would not have been dealt with introducing the concept of supplier development maturity. Second, through empirical analysis and provider factors, the providers will develop the maturity that affect interactive factors between purchaser and supplier.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the characteristics of pulse diagnosis in infertile women. Methods : We have studied 38 women infertility patients in the Dunsan oriental hospital by using pulse diagnostic device. Pulsation and pulse types have been analyzed with variables of infertility factors. Statistical analysis was performed by adopting descriptive and inferential tests. Results : Both right and left chi parts were shown different from other parts. In small intestine and gall bladder showed significantly different pulsation according to the infertility factor. Short pulse, fine pulse, skipping pulse, shallow pulse and deep pulse were often representative pulse types for the main organs of woman infertility. In Triple energizers showed significantly different shallow pulse type according to the infertility factor. Conclusion : The results corresponded closely with previous literature on pulse diagnosis about infertile women.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2009

편평족은 발의 족궁이 무너지거나 지면에 닿는 상태이다. 본 연구의 목적은 환자 맞춤형 인솔 보조기의 착용 전과 후가 편평족 환자의 양발속도에 미치는 영향을 확증하는 것이다. 그리고 이를 통하여 편평족 환자의 양발의 속도변화를 향후 편평족의 재활을 평가하기 위한 인자로 설정하고자 하였다. 연구결과는 13명의 편평족 환자의 인솔 착용 전과 후에 대하여 보행실험을 실시한 결과에서 양발의 평균속도 추이는 왼발이 2.96%, 오른발이 1.09%로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 환자 맞춤형 인솔이 편평족의 양발속도에 영향을 미침을 입증하였다. 그러나 양발속도를 편평족의 재활을 평가하기 위한 인자로 설정하기 위해서는 향후 더 많은 연구가 필요하다.