• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2015

This paper presents the thermal hydraulic performance of a three dimensional rib-roughened solar air heater (SAH) duct with the one principal wall subjected to uniform heat flux. The SAH duct has aspect ratio of 12.0 and the Reynolds number ranges from 2000 to 12000. The roughness has relative rib height of 0.045, ratio of dimple depth to print diameter of 0.5 and rib pitch ratio of 8.0. The flow attack angle is varied from $35^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$. Various turbulent flow models are used for the heat transfer and fluid flow analysis and their results are compared with the experimental results for smooth surfaces. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results based on the renormalization k-epsilon model are in better outcomes compared with the experimental data. This model is used to calculate heat transfer and fluid flow in SAH duct with the compound roughness of V-shaped ribs and dimples. The overall thermal performance based on equal pumping power is found to be the highest (2.18) for flow attack angle of $55^{\circ}$. The thermo-hydraulic performance for V-pattern shaped ribs combined with dimple ribs is higher than that for dimple rib shape and V-pattern rib shape air duct.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
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• pp.2384-2389
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• 2007

The 2nd order response surface method (RSM) has been carried out to get optimum thermal design for enhanced heat transfer on square channel with bleed holes. The RSM was used as an optimization technique with Reynolds-averaged navier-stokes equation. Turbulence model for heat transfer analysis used RNG k-epsilon model. The wall function used enhanced wall function. Numerical local heat transfer coefficients were similar to the experimental tendency. Two design variables such as attack angle of rib (${\alpha}$), rib pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) were chosen. Operation condition considered bleeding ratio per bleed hole ($BR_{hole}$). A response surface were constructed by the design variables and operation condition. As a result, adjusted $R^2$ was more than 0.9. Optimization results of various objective function were similar to heat transfer in channel with and without bleed flow. But friction factor was lower than channel without bleed flow.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.609-613
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• 2015

축방향 거리에 따라 확대되는 정사각 채널에서 발달된 난류유동의 국부 난류 열전달과 압력강하를 실험적으로 조사하였다. 정사각 확대채널에 한 면에만 높이가 10 mm인 리브를 설치하였다. 리브의 충돌 각은 $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ 그리고 $90^{\circ}$로 한 벽면에 만 설치하였다. 레이놀즈수가 22,000~79,000의 범위에서 실험을 수행하였다. 연구 결과 $45^{\circ}$의 리브 충돌각이 가장 우수한 열전달 성능을 보였다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2015

The present study is to investigates the convective heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop inside the rib-roughened cooling passage of gas turbine blades. The divergent rectangular channel is fabricated with V-shaped ribs on one wall only and the inlet hydraulic diameter to outlet hydraulic diameter ratio($D_{ho}/D_{hi}$) of 1.49 is used. The current investigation has covered a Reynolds number (Re) range of 22,000~75,000, relative roughness height ($e/D_h$) of 0.1~0.2, and rib angle of attack (a) of $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ for a fixed relative pitch of 10. Results show that the Nusselt numbers are the greatest in the $60^{\circ}$-angled ribs; however, the total friction factors are the highest in the $30^{\circ}$-angled ribs.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2013

Bending motion has been used in the surgical instruments with bending structures and tendon mechanisms. A simplified bending angle amplification ratio between the proximal and distal bending joint was derived in this article. The bending structure of disk and rib in the proximal joint was analyzed based on finite element method with an emphasis on the circumferential uniformity of bending stiffness. Regarding the distal joint, optimal design and sensitivity analysis was done with four design variables of outer and inner diameter, rib height and rib width while maximizing the deformation under the stress distribution below the yield stress. Outer diameter and rib width are most critical to maximum deformation as the outer diameter and inner diameters are so to maximum equivalent stress.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.192-195
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• 2014

The perforation of a cardiac chamber by a fractured rib after blunt trauma is a rare event. Here, we report the case of patient who was referred for multiple rib fractures after a fall from a height. The patient was found to have a penetrating cardiac injury which was detected on a computed tomography chest scan. Computed tomography is a useful screening tool for victims of blunt chest trauma. Once cardiac perforation has been confirmed or is highly suspected, it is important to preserve the patient's vital signs until reaching the operating room by minimally manuplating the chest wall and permitting hypotension, which also prevents exsanguinating hemorrhage. For the same reasons, early cardiac tamponade may also improve the patient's survival.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

최근 구조물 설계개념의 변화로 사용응력 수준이 높아지고, 시공 및 경제성의 이유로 고강도 재료의 활용이 증가되고 있다. 그러나 고강도 철근을 사용하면 정착 및 이음 길이가 증가하게 되어 시공성이 저하되고 상세 설계의 어려움을 유발할 수 있다. 이에 따라 이 연구에서는 고강도 철근의 정착 및 이음 길이를 단축시키기 위하여 철근 마디형상의 변화가 부착 성능에 미치는 효과를 분석하도록 하였다. 기존 철근을 포함하여 마디의 형상을 개선한 총 5개의 단순보형 실험체를 제작하여 실험하였으며, 각 실험체는 경간 중앙부에서 겹침 이음되어 부착 파괴를 유도하도록 설계하였다. 실험의 결과는 부착강도, 하중-처짐 관계 및 균열의 관점에서 분석하였으며, 기존 연구자들의 부착강도 관련 설계 및 제안식과 비교 분석하였다. 실험 결과 마디면적비가 증가된 철근은 보통 철근보다 약 11%의 부착강도 향상을 나타내었으며, 마디면적비가 같더라도 높고 낮은 마디를 혼합한 경우에는 23%의 강도 증가를 나타내었다. 또한, 부재의 처짐, 균열의 개수 및 균열폭 등 사용성 관점에서 살펴볼 때, 개선된 형태의 철근은 보통 철근과 유사한 거동을 나타내어 현장적용에 큰 문제가 없을 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2016

양 벽면이 수축되는 채널에서 ${\vee}/{\wedge}$형 리브의 각도가 열전달에 미치는 효과를 실험적으로 조사하였다. 한 벽면에만 설치된 ${\vee}/{\wedge}$형 리브의 충돌 각은 각각 $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ 그리고 $90^{\circ}$이다. 리브의 높이(e)는 10 mm 그리고 리브 간격(p)과 높이(e)비는 10으로 제작하였다. 길이가 1,000 mm인 시험 부는 입구의 단면적은 $100mm{\times}100mm$, 출구는 $50mm{\times}100mm$으로 제작하였다. 레이놀즈수가 22,000에서 75,000까지의 범위에서 실험을 수행하였다. 연구결과 전체적으로 레이놀즈 수가 높을수록 누셀트 수가 컸고, ${\wedge}$형 $45^{\circ}$ 리브가 가장 누셀트 수가 컸다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.910-920
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• 2004

The heat/mass transfer characteristics in a rotating two-pass duct with and without rib turbulators are investigated in the present study. The square duct has a hydraulic diameter ($D_h$) of 26.7 mm, and $1.5\;mm{\times}1.5\;mm$ square $90^{\circ}$-rib turbulators are attached on the leading and trailing walls. The pitch-to-rib height ratio (p/e) is 10. The Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter is kept constant at 10,000 to exclude the Reynolds effect, and the rotation number is varied from 0.0 to 0.20. In the smooth duct, the curvature of the $180^{\circ}$-turn produces Dean vortices that enhance heat/mass transfer in the post-turn region. When rib turbulators are installed, heat/mass transfer is augmented 2.5 times higher than that of the smooth duct since the main flow is turbulated by reattaching and separating in the vicinity of the duct surfaces. The duct rotation results in heat/mass transfer discrepancy so that Sherwood number ratios are higher on the trailing surface in the first-pass and on the leading surface in the second-pass. In the turning region, Dean vortices shown in the stationary case transform into one large asymmetric vortex cell, and subsequent heat/mass transfer characteristics also change. As the rotation number increases, the heat/mass transfer discrepancy enlarges.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.750-754
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• 2009

Purpose: The thoracodorsal vessels have been the standard recipient vessels for the majority of surgeons performing free abdominal flap breast reconstructions. Recently, the internal mammary vessels have been recommended as the first - choice recipient vessels for microvascular breast reconstruction. To approach the internal mammary vessel, 3rd or 4th rib cartilage excision is needed, but this method has some demerits - vessel injury, post operative pain and post operative chest hollowness. So, authors propose the approach method to the internal mammary vessel through intercostal space without rib cartilage resection. Methods: From November, 2008 to May, 2009, 13 patients underwent free abdominal flap breast reconstruction with approach to the internal mammary vessel through intercostal space without rib cartilage resection. Results: The mean patient age was 41.8 years, and the mean height was 159.3 cm. 11 patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction. Free DIEP flap reconstruction was performed in 7 patients, Free TRAM flap was performed in 5 patients, and Free SIEA flap was performed in 1 patient. Except 1 case, approach to the internal mammary vessel was took through 3rd intercostal space, and all width of intercostal space exceeded 1 cm. Conclusion: In the authors' experience, use of approach to the internal mammary vessels without rib cartilage resection method is safe and reliable to overcome demerits of rib cartilage resection method.