• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.307-313
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• 2001

Iron excess is known to affect long-term iron accumulation and tissue change such as fibrosis in liver. To determine the changes of expression level of genes associated with fibrosis by short-term iron exposure, we measured liver mRNA levels by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in rats fed dietary carbonyl iron (3%, wt/wt) for 9 weeks. The results showed that the expression of the collagen (I, III) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$I mRNAs was enhanced in high-dose iron treated rat, compared to normal-dose iron treated rat. An electron microscopy study revealed that excess iron caused increase of collagen fibrils in liver. The cell shapes and compositions of hepatocytes and extracellular matrix(ECM) in liver were changed by the iron-treatment. Also, necrosised hepatocytes were broadly seen in ECM. Taken together, we suggest that iron overload affects changes of collagen and TGF-$\beta$I gene expression and these changes are associated with liver fibrogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2007

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests. Those calves remained positive for follow-up by RT-PCR and IHC. Therefore they were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. We confirmed that immunohistochemistry using skin biopsy samples was very useful tool to detect persistently infected calves with BVDV. As far as we know, this would be first report on persistent infection with BVDV in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

Sweet cherry is an important fruit crop with increasing economical value in Turkey and the world. A number of viruses cause diseases and economical losses in sweet cherry. Prune dwarf virus (PDV), is one of the most common viruses of stone fruits including sweet cherry in the world. In this study, PDV was detected from 316 of 521 sweet cherry samples collected from 142 orchards in 10 districts of Isparta province of Turkey by double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The presence of PDV in ELISA positive samples was confirmed in 37 isolates by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. A genomic region of 862 bp containing the coat protein (CP) gene of PDV was re-amplified from 21 selected isolates by RT-PCR. Amplified DNA fragments of these isolates were purified and sequenced for molecular characterization and determining genetic diversity of PDV. Sequence comparisons showed 84-99% to 81-100% sequence identity at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively, of the CP genes of PDV isolates from Isparta and other parts of the world. Phylogenetic analyses of the CP genes of PDV isolates from different geographical origins and diverse hosts revealed that PDV isolates formed different phylogenetic groups. While isolates were not grouped solely based on their geographical origins or hosts, some association between phylogenetic groups and geographical origins or hosts were observed.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.212-217
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• 2007

Fucoidan (fucan sulfate) is a fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharide from brown algae such as Fucus vesiculosus, Ecklonia kurome, and Cladosiphon okamuranus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fucoidan on the expression of diabetes-related genes in mouse cell line 3T3-L1. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured for 48 hr with or without fucoidan (10, 100, and 500 ppm) on a 60 mm dish. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for measurement of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor ${\gamma}\;(PPAR{\gamma})$, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}\;(C/EBP{\gamma})$, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) RT-PCR analysis revealed that expression level of GLUT4, $PPAR{\gamma}$, and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ mRNAs increased with fucoidan treatment from 10 to 500 ppm in a dose-dependent manner. Fucoidan appears to enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing the expression level of diabetes-related genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, fucoidan is potentially useful as a natural therapeutic material for hyperglycemia in type II diabetes patients.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

목적: 오가피가 mouse testis에서 유래된 Leydig 세포주에서 에탄올에 의해 유발된 아폽토시스에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 방법: TM3 세포주에서의 아폽토시스 변화를 관찰하기 위해서 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), DNA fragmentation assay, 및 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 방법을 이용하였다. 결과: MTT assay를 이용하여 분석한 결과 농도에 따른 세포독성의 효과가 에탄올 투여부터 관찰되었다. 또한 오가피로 전처치하고 에탄올을 처치하였을 때 세포독성이 크게 감소되었다. DAPI staining에서 오가피 투여군은 에탄올 투여군에 비해서 fragmentation이 억제되었다. RT-PCR의 분석에 의하여 caspase-3 mRNA 발현이 오가피 투여군은 알코올 투여군보다 유의성있게 억제됨을 보여주었다. 결론: TM3 Leydig 세포주에서 에탄올에 의해 유발된 아폽토시스는 전형적인 세포사멸 형태를 나타내었다. 반면에 오가피 투여군은 에탄올에 의해서 유발된 아폽토시스에서 세포보호 효과가 있음이 확인되었다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Temperature signaling can be initiated by members of transient receptor potential (thermo-TRP) channels. Hot and cold substances applied to teeth usually elicit pain sensation. Since odontoblasts constitute a well-defined layer between the pulp and the mineralized dentin, being first to encounter thermal stimulation from oral cavity, they may be involved in sensory transduction process, in addition to their primary function as formation of dentin. We investigated whether thermo-TRP channels are expressed in a odontoblast cell line, MDPC-23. The expressions of thermo-TRP channels were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, fluorometric calcium imaging. Analysis of RT-PCR revealed mRNA expression of TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV4 and TRPM8, but no TRPV3, TRPA1. Immunohistochemical approach failed to detect TRPV1 expression. Whereas the application of 4-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV4 agonist), menthol(1 mM, a TRPM8 agonist) and icilin($10\;{\mu}M$, a TRPM8 agonist) produced the enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration, capsaicin($1\;{\mu}M$, a TRPV1 agonist) did not. Our results suggest that subfamily of thermo-TRP channels expressed in odontoblasts may serve as thermal or mechanical transducer in teeth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.377-381
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• 1999

Objectives: Recent studies, including our own, demonstrated that the novel expression of LH gene in rat gonads and uterus, indicating that the local production and action of the LH-like molecule. In the present study, we investigated whether human uterus also expresses the LH gene. Design: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplified the cDNA fragments coding $LH_{\beta}$ polypeptide from human endometrium but not from myometrium. Presence of the transcripts for the ${\alpha}$-subunit in human endometrium was also confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: Transcripts for $LH_{\beta}$ subunit were detected in endometrial samples from women with endometriosis. The gene for LH/hCG receptor was expressed in both endometrium and myometrium, showing good agreement with previous studies. Increased level of $LH_{\beta}$ transcript was determined in the endometrium from follicular phase compared to that from luteal phase. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrated that 1) the genes for LH subunits and LH/hCG receptor are expressed in human uterus, 2) the uterine LH expression was changed during menstrual cycle, suggesting that the uterine LH may playa local role in the control of uterine physiology and function(s).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.261-268
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• 2021

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) on proliferation, migration, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). The proliferation and migration of BMSCs were examined after treatment with CMC. The effect of CMC on the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, was also evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In the proliferation assay, no significant changes were found at all CMC concentrations compared with controls. The migration assay showed that CMC dose-dependently stimulated the migration of BMSCs in normal and LPS-treated conditions. RT-PCR showed that TNF-α and IL-10 expressions were suppressed in the BMSCs after CMC treatment. However, other genes were not affected. Taken together, CMC promoted BMSC migration and inhibited TNF-α and IL-10. Therefore, CMC may be possible to regulate wound healing when mesenchymal stem cells are applied in inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.265-272
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• 2022

Many studies on poultry have been conducted in the poultry industry to improve their important economic traits, such as egg production, meat quality, and carcass yield. Environmental changes affect the poultry's economic traits, including muscle growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms by which simvastatin causes muscle injury in quail muscle cells. Following treatment with various doses of simvastatin, LD50 in the quail myoblast cells was determined using a cell viability test; cell death was caused by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Thereafter, the expression patterns of the atrophy marker genes were examined via quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the transcriptional levels of the muscle atrophy marker genes (Atrogin-1, TRIM63) and the upstream genes in their signaling cascade were increased by simvastatin treatment. This indicated that simvastatin induced myogenic cell death and muscle injury via protein degradation through muscle atrophy signaling. Further studies should focus on identifying the mechanism by which simvastatin induces the protein degradation signaling pathway in quail muscle..

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1018-1023
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• 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has reached global pandemic status as announced by the World Health Organization, which currently recommends reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as the standard diagnostic tool. However, although the RT-PCR test results may be found negative, there are cases that are found positive for COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography (CT) scan. CT is also useful in assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. When clinicians desire a CT scan of a patient with COVID-19 to monitor treatment response, a safe method for patient transport is necessary. To address the engagement of medical resources necessary to transport a patient with COVID-19, our institution has implemented the use of mobile CT. Therefore, we report two cases of COVID-19 pneumonia evaluated by using mobile cone-beam CT. Although mobile cone-beam CT had some limitations regarding its image quality such as scatter noise, motion and streak artifacts, and limited field of view compared with conventional multi-detector CT, both cases had acceptable image quality to establish the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. We report the usefulness of mobile cone-beam CT in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.