• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권6C호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 응답변위법을 수직구 내진설계에 적용하고 구조물의 응답을 정확하게 구할 수 있는 방법을 제시하고자 기반면, 지반의 상대변위 산정 방법, 하중 산정 및 적용 방법에 따른 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 수직구 내진설계를 위한 기반면은 전단파속도가 1500m/s를 초과하는 지반을 선정하는 것이 가장 적합하며, 지반변위 산정 방법은 다층지반의 특성을 반영할 수 있는 double cosine이 가장 적합하다. 또한 응답변위법 해석을 위한 동토압 및 주면전단력 산정 시 구조물의 단면형상효과를 고려하는 것이 실제 수직구의 동적거동을 적절히 반영하며 경제적인 설계를 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2005

When a underground structure is constructed at the site composed of soft soil, the behavior of a underground structure Is much affected by the motion of soft soil. Therefore, the effect of soil-structure interaction is an important consideration in the design of a underground structure such as tunnel at the site composed of soft soil. This paper presents the results of the study on dynamic response of tunnel structures and soil-structure interaction effects. The computer program SASSI was used in seismic analysis of tunnel structures because it is more capable of analyzing dynamic response or structures considering soil-structure interaction. As regards the results, the flexibility of surrounding soil affects dynamic response characteristics of tunnel structures and response of tunnel structures can be amplified.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2020

In this study, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the load transfer mechanisms and dynamic responses between the vertical shaft and the surrounding soil using a dynamic analysis method and a pseudo-static method (called response displacement method, RDM). Numerical solutions were verified against data from the literature. A series of parametric studies was performed with three different transient motions and various surrounding soils. The results showed that the soil stratigraphy and excitation motions significantly influenced the dynamic behavior of the vertical shaft. Maximum values of the shear force and bending moment occurred near an interface between the soil layers. In addition, deformations and load distributions of the vertical shaft were highly influenced by the amplified seismic waves on the vertical shaft constructed in multi-layered soils. Throughout the comparison results between the dynamic analysis method and the RDM, the results from the dynamic analyses showed good agreement with those from the RDM calculated by a double-cosine method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.349-365
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• 2014

The dynamic response of structures under extremely short duration dynamic loads is of great concern nowadays. This paper investigates structures' response as well as the associated structural damage to explosive loads considering and ignoring the supporting soil flexibility effect. In the analysis, buildings are modeled by two alternate approaches namely, (1) building with fixed supports, (2) building with supports accounting for soil-flexibility. A lumped parameter model with spring-dashpot elements is incorporated at the base of the building model to simulate the horizontal and rotational movements of supporting soil. The soil flexibility for various shear wave velocities has been considered in the investigation. In addition, the influence of variation of lateral natural periods of building models on the obtained response and peak response time-histories besides damage indices has also been investigated under blast loads with different peak over static pressures. The Dynamic response is obtained by solving the governing equations of motion of the considered building model using a developed Matlab code based on the finite element toolbox CALFEM. The predicted results expressed in time-domain by the building model incorporating SSI effect are compared with the corresponding model results ignoring soil flexibility effect. The results show that the effect of surrounding soil medium leads to significant changes in the obtained dynamic response of the considered systems and hence cannot be simply ignored in damage assessment and response time-histories of structures where it increases response and amplifies damage of structures subjected to blast loads. Moreover, the numerical results provide an understanding of level of damage of structure through the computed damage indices.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.129-139
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• 2003

The response displacement method is the most frequently used method for seismic design of buried structures. This method is pseudo-static method, and the evaluations of velocity response spectrum of seismic base and response displacement of surrounding soil are the most important steps. In this study, the evaluation of velocity response spectrum of seismic base according to the Korean seismic design guide and the simple method of calculating the response displacement were studied. It was found that velocity response spectrum of seismic base can be estimated by direct integrating the ground-surface acceleration response spectrum of soil type $S_{A}$, and the evaluation of the response displacement using double cosine method assuming two layers of soil profile shows the advantages in the seismic design.n.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 입력가속도의 한계 범위를 흙의 상대밀도, 지하수위, 지반 조건을 고려하여 시간이력해석과 응답스펙트럼해석으로 분석하였다. 시간이력해석은 FLAC3D로 응답스펙트럼해석은 FB-Multipier를 이용하여 여러 지반 조건에 대한 수치해석을 실시하였다. 말뚝 주변 지반은 탄소성 물질로 가정하였다. FLAC3D 해석의 주변 지반은 Mohr-Coulomb과 Finn 모델로 설정하였고, FB-Multiplier 해석은 비선형 p-y 곡선을 이용하여 해석하였다. 비선형 지반 거동을 갖는 가속도의 한계범위는 주변 지반의 상대밀도에 비례함을 보였다. 해석 결과 SP soil이 SM soil보다 지반의 가속도의 한계범위가 훨씬 크고 지하수위는 지반조건에 관계없이 입력가속도의 한계범위를 감소시키는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 가속도의 한계 범위는 주로 전단탄성계수의 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.335-342
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• 1998

A soil-structure interaction (SSI) experiment is being conducted in a seismically active region in Hualien, Taiwan. To obtain earthquake data for quantifying SSI effects and providing a basis to benchmark analysis methods, a 1/4-th scale cylindrical concrete containment model similar in shape to that of a nuclear power plant containment was constructed in the field where both the containment model and its surrounding soil, surface and sub-surface, are extensively instrumented to record earthquake data. In between September 1993 and May 1996, fifteen earthquakes with Richter magnitudes ranging from 4.2 to 6.2 were recorded. The recorded data were analyzed to provide information on the response characteristics of the Hualien soil-structure system, the SSI effects and the ground motion characteristics. The ground response data were analyzed for their variations with depth, with distance from the model structure, and at the same depths along downhole arrays. Variations of soil stiffness and soil-structure system frequencies were also evaluated against maximum ground motion. In addition, the site soil properties were derived based on correlation analysis of the recorded data and then correlated with those from the geotechnical investigation data.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2023

Tunnels may undergo a larger or a smaller response compared with the free-field soil. In the pseudo-static procedure, the response of the tunnel is most often characterized by a curve that relates the racking ratio (R) with the flexibility ratio (F), where R represents the ratio of the tunnel response with respect to the free-field vibration and F is the relative stiffness of the tunnel and the surrounding soil. A set of analytical and empirical curves that do not account for the depth and the aspect ratio of the tunnel are typically used in practice. In this study, a series of dynamic analyses are conducted to develop a set of F-R_m relations for use in a frame analysis method. R_m is defined as an adjusted R where the rocking mode of deformation is removed and only the racking deformation is extracted. The numerical model is validated against centrifuge test recordings. The influence of aspect ratio, buried depth of tunnel on results is investigated. The results show that R_m increases with the increase of the buried depth and the aspect ratio. The widely used F-R relations are highlighted to be different compared with the obtained results in this study. Therefore, the updated F-R_m relations with proposed equations are recommended to be used in practice design. The rocking response decreases with either the decrease of the difference of stiffness between surrounding soil and tunnel or the larger aspect ratio of the tunnel section.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2003

지중구조물의 내진해석에 자주 이용되는 방법으로 응답변위법이 있다. 응답변위법은 정적인 해석방법으로, 이 방법의 핵심은 지진시 지중구조물 측벽에 작용하는 지반변위를 산정하는 것이다. 이때 해석대상부지의 고유주기에 해당하는 기반면의 속도 응답스펙트럼 값을 결정하는 일이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 설계지반운동기준에 적합한 기반면의 속도 응답스펙트럼 산정과 지반응답해석 없이 응답변위를 신뢰성있게 산정하는 간편법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 해석결과 국내 내진설계 기준의 S$_A$ 지반의 지표면 가속도 응답스펙트럼을 적분하여 속도 응답스펙트럼으로 환산하는 방법과 지반을 두 개의 층으로 구분하여 지진시 지반의 응답변위를 산정하는 방법을 현업 설계에 적용할 경우 경제적으로 큰 잇점이 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2006

The finite element method is a practical tool to compute the response of the irregularly layered soil deposit to the base-rock motions. The method is useful not only in estimating the interaction between the structure and the surrounding soil as a whole and the local behavior of the contacting area in detail, but also in predicting the resulting behavior of the superstructure affected by such soil-structure interactions. However, the computation of finite element analysis is marched in the time domain (TD), while the site response analysis has been carried out mostly in the frequency domain (FD) with equivalent linear analysis. This study is intended to compare the results of the TD and FD analysis with focus on the peak response accelerations and the predominant frequencies, and thus to evaluate the applicability and the validity of the finite element analysis in the site response analysis. The comparison shows that one can obtain the results very close to that of FD analysis, from the finite element analysis by including sufficiently large width of foundation in the model and further by applying partial mode superposition. The finite element analysis turned out to be well agreeing with FD analysis in their computed results of the peak acceleration and the acceleration response spectra, especially at the surface layer.