DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic response of vertical shafts in multi-layered soil using dynamic and pseudo-static analyses

  • Kim, Yongmin (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University) ;
  • Lim, Hyunsung (Department of Infrastructure Safety Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Jeong, Sangseom (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University)
  • Received : 2019.11.23
  • Accepted : 2020.03.20
  • Published : 2020.05.10

Abstract

In this study, numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the load transfer mechanisms and dynamic responses between the vertical shaft and the surrounding soil using a dynamic analysis method and a pseudo-static method (called response displacement method, RDM). Numerical solutions were verified against data from the literature. A series of parametric studies was performed with three different transient motions and various surrounding soils. The results showed that the soil stratigraphy and excitation motions significantly influenced the dynamic behavior of the vertical shaft. Maximum values of the shear force and bending moment occurred near an interface between the soil layers. In addition, deformations and load distributions of the vertical shaft were highly influenced by the amplified seismic waves on the vertical shaft constructed in multi-layered soils. Throughout the comparison results between the dynamic analysis method and the RDM, the results from the dynamic analyses showed good agreement with those from the RDM calculated by a double-cosine method.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (No. 2018R1A6A1A08025348), as well as a grant (code20SCIPB119947-05) from Construction Technology Research Program funded by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Korean government.

References

  1. ABAQUS Inc. (2012), ABAQUS Theoretical User's Manual, Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, Inc.
  2. Ahmadi, E., Khoshnoudian, F. and Hosseini, M (2015), "Importance of soil material damping in seismic responses of soil-MDOF structure systems", Soils Found., 55(1), 35-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.12.003.
  3. Akagi, H. (2004), "Geotechnical aspects of current underground construction in Japan", Soils Found., 44(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.44.1.
  4. An, X., Shawky, A.A. and Maekawa, K. (1997), "The collapse mechanism of a subway station during the great Hanshin earthquake", Cement Concrete Compos., 19(3), 241-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(97)00014-0.
  5. Gazetas, G., Gerolymos, N. and Anastasopoulos, I. (2005), "Response of three Athens metro underground structures in the 1999 Parnitha earthquake", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(7-10), 617-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.006.
  6. Giod, G. and Swoboda, G. (1999), "Developments and application of the numerical analysis of tunnels in continuous", Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech., 23(13), 1393-1405. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9853(199911)23:13<1393::aid-nag933>3.0.co;2-z.
  7. Hashash, Y.M.A., Hook, J.J., Schmidt, B. and Yao, J.I.C. (2001), "Seismic design and analysis of underground structures", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 16(4), 247-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(01)00051-7.
  8. Hashash, Y.M.A., Park D. and Yao, J.I.C. (2005), "Ovaling deformations of circular tunnels under seismic loading, an update on seismic design and analysis of underground structures", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 20(5), 435-441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.02.004.
  9. Huo, H., Bobet A., Fernandez, G. and Ramirez, J. (2006), "Analytical solution for deep rectangular structures subjected to far-field shear stresses", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 21(6), 613-625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.135.
  10. Huo, H., Bobet, A., Fernandez, F. and Ramirez, J. (2005), "Load transfer mechanisms between underground structure and surrounding ground: Evaluation of the failure of the Daikai station", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(12), 1522-1533. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:12(1522).
  11. Jeong, S.S., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Jang, J. and Lee. Y. (2010). "Numerical analysis of the seismic behavior of vertical shaft," Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, NUMGE 2010, Trondheim, Norway, June.
  12. John, C.M.S. and Zahrah, T.F. (1987), "Aseismic design of underground structures", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 2(2), 165-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/0886-7798(87)90011-3.
  13. Kaizu, N. (1990), "Seismic response of shaft for underground transmission line", Proceedings of the 3rd Japan-U.S. Workshop in Earthquake Resistant Design of Lifeline Facilities and Countermeasures for Soil Liquefaction, San Francisco, California, U.S.A., December.
  14. Kawashima, K. (1996), Seismic Design of Underground Structure, Kajima Publishing Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan (in Japanese).
  15. Kim, K.Y., Lee, D.S, Cho, J., Jeong, S.S. and Lee, S. (2013), "The effect of arching pressure on a vertical circular shaft", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 37, 10-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.03.001.
  16. Kim, Y. and Jeong, S. (2011), "Analysis of soil resistance on laterally loaded piles based on 3D soil-pile interaction", Comput. Geotech., 38(2), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.12.001.
  17. Kwak, C., Jang, D., You, K., and Park, I. (2018), "Dynamic response on tunnel with flexible segment", Geomech. Eng., 15(3), 833-839. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.3.833.
  18. Lee, I.M., Kim, D. H., Kim, K.Y. and Lee, S.W. (2016), "Earth pressure on a vertical shaft considering the arching effect in $c-{\phi}$ soil", Geomech. Eng., 11(6), 879-896. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.11.6.879.
  19. Lim, H. and Jeong, S. (2018), "Simplified p-y curves under dynamic loading in dry sand", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 113, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.05.017.
  20. Liu, N., Huang, Q.B., Fan, W., Ma, Y.J. and Peng, J.B. (2018), "Seismic responses of a metro tunnel in a ground fissure site", Geomech. Eng., 15(2), 775-781. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2018.15.2.775.
  21. Makovicka, D. and Makovicka J.D. (2005), "Assessment of the seismic resistance of a ventilation stack on a reactor building", Nucl. Eng. Des., 235(13), 1325-1334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2004.07.006.
  22. Ortlepp, W.D. (2001), "The behaviour of tunnels at great depth under large static and dynamic pressures", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 16(1), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0886-7798(01)00029-3.
  23. Penzien, J. (2000), "Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(5), 683-691. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9845(200005)29:5<683::aid-eqe932>3.3.co;2-t.
  24. Sun, Q., Bo, J. and Dias, D. (2019), "Viscous damping effects on the seismic elastic response of tunnels in three sites", Geomech. Eng., 18(6), 639-650. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.6.639.
  25. Uenishi, K. and Sakurai, S. (2000), "Characteristic of the vertical seismic waves associated with the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake estimated from the failure of the Daikai underground station", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(6), 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9845(200006)29:6<813::aid-eqe939>3.0.co;2-e.
  26. Wong, R.C.K. and Kaiser, P.K. (1988), "Design and performance evaluation of vertical shafts: rational shaft design method and verification of design method", Can. Geotech. J., 25(2), 320-337. https://doi.org/10.1139/t88-034.
  27. Zhang, B., Wang, X., Zhang, J.S. and Meng, F. (2017), "Three-dimensional limit analysis of seismic stability of tunnel faces with quasi-static method", Geomech. Eng., 13(2), 301-318. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.2.301.