• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.566-567
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• 2006

The characteristics of residual stresses occurring in PM steel based nickel (FLN2-4405) was investigated. The measurements of residual stresses were carried out by electrochemical layer removal technique. The values and distributions of residual stresses occurring in PM steel processed under various densities and heat treatment conditions were determined. In most of the experiments, tensile residual stresses were recorded in surface of samples. The residual stress distribution on the surface of the PM steels is affected by the heat treatment conditions and density. Maximum values of residual stresses on the surface were observed sinter hardened condition and $7.4\;g/cm^3$ density. Minimum level of recorded tensile residual stresses are150 MPa and its maximum level is 370 MPa.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.148-155
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• 2003

Most manufacturing processes such as welding, cutting and molding generate residual stresses on the surface of manufactured parts. Between compressive and tensile residual stresses, the tensile residual stress is harmful to the surface integrity, which results in reduced fatigue life and causes other structural failures when the service stresses are superimposed on the residual stresses. In the research, the residual stresses in the hardened tool steel (SKD11) were measured using hole-drilling method. The specimens were prepared through hard turning. Most of residual stresses in the machined surface were compressive.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.224-229
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• 2010

During the multi-pass wire drawing process, wires suffer a great amount of plastic deformation that is through the cross-section. This generates tensile residual stress at surface of drawn wires. The generated residual stress on surface is one of the problems for quality of wires so that prediction and reduction of residual stresses is important to avoid unexpected fracture. Therefore, in this study, the effect of process variables such as semi-die angle, bearing length and reduction ratio on the residual stress was evaluated through Finite Element Analysis. Based on the results of the Analysis, a prediction model was established for predicting residual stress on the surface of high carbon steel(AISI1072, AISI1082). To identify the effectiveness of the proposed model, X-ray diffraction is used to measure the residual stresses on the surface. As the result of the comparison between calculated residual stresses and measured residual stresses, the model could be used to predict residual stresses in cold drawn wire.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.82 no.2
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• pp.259-270
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• 2022

The paper investigates the residual stresses arising in a thermoviscoelastic cylinder as a result of layer-by-layer deposition of material on its lateral surface. Internal stresses are caused by incompatible deformations that accumulate in the assembly as a result of joining parts with different temperatures. For the analysis of internal stresses, an analytical solution to the axisymmetric quasi-static problem of thermoelasticity for a growing cylinder is constructed. It is shown that the distribution of residual stresses depends on the scenario of the surfacing process. In this case, the supply of additional heat to the growing body can significantly reduce the unevenness of temperature fields and reduce the intensity of residual stresses. The most effective is uneven heating, which can be realized, by the action of an alternating current with a tunable excitation frequency. The temperature and residual stresses fields on the growing surface is analyzed numerically for Titanium and Copper materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.331-332
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• 2002

Most manufacturing processes such as welding, cutting and molding generate residual stresses on the surface of manufactured parts. Tensile residual stress is harmful to the surface integrity, which results in reduced fatigue life and causes other structural failures when the service stresses are superimposed on the residual stresses. In the research, the residual stresses of the high hardness steel (over $H_{RC}60$) workpiece (SKD11) machined by the hard turning were measured using Hole-drilling Method. Residual stress in the surface of hard turned workpiece was mainly appeared to be compressive stress.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-77
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• 1984

The surface residual stresses in 1mm thick nickel electrodeposits obtained from four types of nickel sulphamate baths at 40 to 60$^{\circ}C$ and 5 to 25 amps./$dm^2$ were measured by a X-ray method. An increase in nickel chloride concentration in the bath tends to increase tensile residual stresses in the deposits. Addition of no chloride or little chloride in the baths gave rise to little residual stresses or even compressive stresses in the deposits. The residual stresses in most specimens did not exceed 80 MPa and showed minimum in the specimens obtained at 50$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.8-11
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• 2008

In the present work, the measurement method of residual stresses in thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) which are received the thermal shock is performed numerically. For this, the internal residual stresses are predicted by commercial FEM software ABAQUS because the hole drilling strain gage method measures residual stresses only near the surface of a material. As the results of this study, the residual stresses are linearly increased when the surface temperatures are over $1,200^{\circ}C$. It is also found that the values of residual stress are increased as the coating thickness is thin.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.837-853
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• 2016

This paper presents the experimental and numerical study on the distribution of transverse and longitudinal residual stresses in cold-formed thick-walled structural steel rectangular hollow sections manufactured by indirect technique. Hole-drilling method is employed to measure the magnitude of the transverse and longitudinal surface residual stress distribution, and the effects of the residual stresses are evaluated qualitatively by sectioning method. It is shown that compared to normal cold-formed thin-walled structural hollow sections (SHS), the cold-formed thick-walled SHS has similar level of residual stress in the flat area but higher residual stresses in the corner and welding areas. Both the transverse and longitudinal residual stresses tend to open the section. In order to predict the surface residual stresses in the corners of the cold-formed thick-walled SHS, an analytical model is developed. 2D finite element simulation of the cold bending process is conducted to validate the analytical approach. It is shown that in analyzing bending for thick-walled sections, shifting of neutral axis must be considered, since it would lead to nonlinear and non-symmetrical distribution of stresses through the thickness. This phenomenon leads to the fact that cold-formed thick-walled SHSs has different distribution and magnitude of the residual stresses from the cold-formed thin-walled SHSs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.308-312
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• 2003

The packaging of the integrated circuits requires knowledge of ceramics and metals to accommodate the fabrication of modules that are used to construct subsystems and entire systems from extremely small components. Composite ceramics ($Al_2O_3-SiO_2$) were tested for substrates. A stress analysis was conducted for a linear work-hardening metal cylinder embedded in an infinite ceramic matrix. The bond between the metal and ceramic was established at high temperature and stresses developed during cooling to room temperature. The calculations showed that the stresses depend on the mismatch in thermal expansion, the elastic properties, and the yield strength and work hardening rate of the metal. Experimental measurements of the surface stresses have also been made on a $Cu/Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ ceramic system, using an indentation technique. A comparison revealed that the calculated stresses were appreciably larger than the measured surface stresses, indicating an important difference between the bulk and surface residual stresses. However, it was also shown that porosity in the metal could plastically expand and permit substantial dilatational relaxation of the residual stresses. Conversely it was noted that pore clusters were capable of initiating ductile rupture, by means of a plastic instability, in the presence of appreciable tri-axiality. The role of ceramics for packaging of microelectronics will continue to be extremely challenging.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2015

Residual stresses arising from the materials processing such as welding and joining affect significantly the structural integrity depending on the external loading condition. The quantitative measurement of the residual stresses is of great importance in order to characterize the effects of the residual stresses on the structural safety. In this paper, we introduce a newly devised destructive technique, the contour method (CM), which is applied for the measurements of the residual stress distributions through the thickness of a 80 mm thick steel weld. Residual stresses are evaluated from the contour, which is the normal displacement on a cut surface produced by the relaxation of residual stresses, using a finite element model. The CM provides a two-dimensional map of the residual stresses normal to the cut surface. The CM developed in the present study was validated in comparison with the residual stress distribution determined by a well-established neutron-diffraction residual stress instrument (RSI) instrumented in HANARO neutron research reactor.