• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.377-384
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• 2000

The characteristics and prediction model of the shear strength for unsaturated residual soils was studied. In order to investigate the influence of the initial water content on the shear strength, unsaturated triaxial tests were carried out varying the initial water content, and the applicability of existing prediction models for the unsaturated shear strength was testified. It was shown that the soil - water characteristic curve and the shear strength of the unsaturated soil varied with the change of the initial water content. A sample compacted in the lower initial water content needs a higher suction to get the same degree of saturation while the shear strength of a sample with the lower initial water content displays a lower value. In order to apply the existing prediction models of the unsaturated shear strength to granite residual soils, a correction coefficient, α, on the internal friction angle, ø'was added.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2015

Plastic wastes, particularly polyethylene terephthalate (PET) generated from used bottled water constitute a worldwide environmental issue. Reusing the PET waste for geotechnical applications not only reduces environmental burdens of handling the waste, but also improves inherent engineering properties of soil. This paper investigated factors affecting shear strength improvement of PET-mixed residual soil. Four variables were considered: (i) plastic content; (ii) plastic slenderness ratio; (iii) plastic size; and (iv) soil particle size. A series of unconfined compression tests were performed to determine the optimum configurations for promoting the shear strength improvement. The results showed that the optimum slenderness ratio and PET content for shear strength improvement were 1:3 and 1.5%, respectively. Large PET pieces (i.e., $1.0cm^2$) were favorable for fine-grained residual soil, while small PET pieces (i.e., $0.5cm^2$) were favorable for coarse-grained residual soil. Higher shear strength improvement was obtained for PET-mixed coarse-grained residual soil (148%) than fine-grained residual soils (117%). The orientation of plastic pieces in soil and frictional resistance developed between soil particles and PET surface are two important factors affecting the shear strength performance of PET-mixed soil.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.423-430
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• 1999

A weathered residual soil is a soil-like material derived from the in situ weathering and decomposition of rock which has not been transported from its original location. Undisturbed sampling of residual soils is extremely difficult, which has an important effect on investigating the strength and compression characteristics. Thus, a special undisturbed sampling device (direct shear box with shoe) was developed and undisturbed samples were successfully obtained for direct shear tests, Direct shear testing was conducted under unsoaked and soaked condition. As a result, the shear strength of soaked samples was less than that of unsoaked samples, and it was verified that direct shearing of undisturbed samples can evaluate reasonably the shear strength and the slope stability.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2023

본 연구에는 지반-그라우트 인터페이스 거동을 평가하기 위한 직접전단시험 장비를 제작하였으며, 제작된 시험 장비를 통해 풍화토, 풍화토-그라우트 두 종류의 시료에 대해 직접전단시험을 수행하였다. 전단응력-슬립 곡선 평가 결과 풍화토-그라우트의 잔류 전단 강도는 단일 풍화토의 잔류 전단 강도와 유사한 값을 나타냈으며, 풍화토-그라우트 인터페이스의 한계 상태 거동은 풍화토에 의해 결정된다는 것을 확인했다. 그러나, 최대 전단 강도의 경우 풍화토-그라우트 인터페이스에서 매우 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 최대 전단 강도의 증가율은 느슨한 지반에서 더 크게 발생하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 풍화토 입자와 그라우트 입자가 섞여 있는 인터페이스 레이어의 두께가 증가했기 때문으로 보인다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.139-146
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• 2002

The characteristics and prediction model for the shear strength of unsaturated residual soils was studied. In order to investigate the influence of the net normal stress on the shear strength, unsaturated triaxial tests and SWCC tests were carried out varying the net normal stress, and the experimental data for unsaturated shear strength tests were compared with predicted shear strength envelopes using existing prediction models. It was shown that the soil - water characteristic curve and the shear strength of the unsaturated soil varied with the change of the net normal stress. Therefore, to achieve a truly descriptive shear strength envelope for unsaturated soils, tile effect of the normal stress on the contribution of matric suction to the shear strength has to be taken into consideration. In this paper, a modified prediction model for the unsaturated shear strength was proposed.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.217-240
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to propose new hysteretic characteristics of medium- to low-rise RC structures controlled by both shear and flexure. Through previous study, the dual lateral force-resisting system composed of shear and flexural failure members has a new failure mechanism that cooperates to enhance the flexural capacity of the flexural failure member even after the failure of the shear member, and the existing theoretical equation significantly underestimates the ultimate strength. In this study, the residual lateral strength mechanism of the dual lateral force-resisting system was analyzed, and, as a result, an equation for estimating the residual flexural strength of each shear-failure member was proposed. The residual flexural strength of each shear-failure member was verified in comparison with the structural testing results obtained in previous study, and the proposed residual flexural strength equation for shear-failure members was tested for reliability using FEA, and its applicable range was also determined. In addition, restoring-force characteristics for evaluating the seismic performance of the dual lateral force-resisting system (nonlinear dynamic analysis), reflecting the proposed residual flexural strength equation, were proposed. Finally, the validity of the restoring-force characteristics of RC buildings equipped with the dual lateral force-resisting system proposed in the present study was verified by performing pseudo-dynamic testing and nonlinear dynamic analysis based on the proposed restoring-force characteristics. Based on this comparative analysis, the applicability of the proposed restoring-force characteristics was verified.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.649-662
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• 2020

Although several types of rigid shear connectors have been developed particularly to increase load-carrying capacity, application is limited due to the complicated details of such connection. In this study, push-out tests were performed for specimens with hybrid shear connectors using headed studs and shear plates to identify the effects of each parameter on the structural performance of such shear connection. The test parameters included steel ratios of headed stud to shear plate, connection length, and embedded depth of shear plates. The peak strength and residual strength were estimated using various shear transfer mechanisms such as stud shear, concrete bearing, and shear friction. The hybrid shear connectors using shear plates and headed studs showed large load-carrying capacity and deformation capacity. The peak strength was predicted by the concrete bearing strength of the shear plates. The residual strength was sufficiently predicted by the stud shear strength of headed studs or by shear friction strength of dowel reinforcing bars. Further, the finite element analysis was performed to verify the shear transfer mechanism of the connection with hybrid shear connector.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2021

In the present paper, an analytical model is proposed to determine the flexural and shear strength of normal and high-strength reinforced concrete beams with longitudinal bars, in the presence of transverse stirrups. The model is based on evaluation of the resistance contribution due to beam and arch actions including interaction with stirrups. For the resistance contribution of the main bars in tension the residual bond adherence of steel bars, including the effect of stirrups and the crack spacing of R.C. beams, is considered. The compressive strength of the compressed arch is also verified by taking into account the biaxial state of stresses. The model was verified on the basis of experimental data available in the literature and it is able to include the following variables in the resistance provision: - geometrical percentage of steel bars; - depth-to-shear span ratio; - resistance of materials; - crack spacing; - tensile stress in main bars; - residual bond resistance including the presence of stirrups;- size effects. Finally, some of the more recent analytical expressions able to predict shear and flexural resistance of concrete beams are mentioned and a comparison is made with experimental data.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.125-139
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• 1999

풍화잔적토는 불교란 시료를 채취하기가 곤란하기 때문에 전단강도를 산정하는데 있어서 어려움을 겪고 있다 본 연구에서는 직접 전단시험용 불교란 시료를 용이하게 채취하기 위해서 슈 장착 직접 전단상자를 개발하였으며, 성공적으로 불교란 시료를 채취할 수 있었다. 채취된 분교란 시료의 직접 전단시험을 통해서 포화조건에 따른 전단강도의 변화를 규명하였다. 그리고 교란에 따른 풍화잔적토의 전단거동을 규명하기 위해서 정적시료 성형장치를 제작하였고, 자연함수비 상태에서는 교란에 따른 강도저하가 나타나지만, 수침시에는 강도가 유사함을 확인하였다. 불교란 시료에 대해서 직접전단시험과 삼축압축시험시의 강도를 비교한 결과, 직접 전단시험시 수침시료의 강도가 삼축압축시험의 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 그리고 대상 붕괴사면에 대한 역해석을 수행한 결과, 슈 장착 직접 전단상자를 이용하면 풍화잔적토 사면에서의 전단강도 산정이 가능하리라고 판단되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.391-404
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• 2007

This paper presents push-out tests of stud shear connectors to examine their fatigue behavior for developing a new composite bridge deck system. The fifteen push-out specimens of D16 mm stud welded on 9 mm steel plate were fabricated according to Eurocode-4, and a series of fatigue endurance test and residual strength test were performed. Additionally, the stiffness and strength variations by cyclic loading were compared. The push-out test, when the stiffness reduction ratio of the specimens was 0.95 under cyclic load, resulted in the failure of the studs. The stiffness variation of the push-out specimens additionally showed that the application of cyclic loads reduced the residual strength. The fatigue strength of the shear connectors were compared with the design values specified in the Eurocode-4, ASSHTO LRFD and JSSC codes. The comparison result showed that the fatigue endurance of the specimens satisfies the design values of these codes.