• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2011.07a
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• pp.868-869
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• 2011

Domestic Foreign automaker's are focused on the high-efficiency, low emission cars development. On the way, the hybrid car is the first priority. Hybrid electric vehicle battery pack configurations, EV Relay one of the key components of the engine driving, to assist in the drive motor to supply electrical energy to the battery is a device for opening and closing of the output device. EV Relay determine the longevity and the replacement cycle, The EV Relay environmental conditions and duty cycle considering the reliability tests are essential requirements of many automotive companies to respond to RFQ, this test is essential. This paper using Maxwell Software for Prediction of the Ev Relay impulse, the theoretical data to obtain the impulse to develop methods for mechanical testing after to take advantage of it.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.720-723
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• 2004

This study is intended to propose a systematic approach for determining optimum Life-Cycle Cost (LCC)-effective seismic design for continuous PSC bridges considering lifetime expected seismic risks. In the paper, a set of cost function for LCC analysis of bridges is proposed. The total LCC functions consist of initial cost and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect socio-economic losses. The damage costs are expressed in terms of Park-Ang median global damage indices (Park and Ang, 1985) and lifetime damage probabilities. The proposed approach is applied to model bridges of both moderate seismicity regions like Korea and high seismicity regions like Japan. Since, in case of bridges, a number of parameters may have an influence on optimal target reliability, various sensitivity analyses are performed in this study. It may be expected that the proposed approach can be effectively utilized for the development of cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of various types of bridges as well as continuous PC bridges.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1103-1107
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• 2016

The automatic tensioning device of the catenary system constantly maintains the tension of the trolley wire by absorbing the variations due to the elasticity of the line caused by temperature variation. The tension plays an important role in affecting the electric motorcar operation directly. This paper suggests the methodology of the life cycle extension and the maintenance of the automatic tensioning device by means of performance diagnosis of the pulley type automatic tensioning device which has been commonly used for the electric railway system. Through conducting performance diagnosis and comparative test for the wornout pulley type automatic tensioning device by replacing the components such as the bearing and the bearing shaft without replacing all the assembly, the tensioning device is analyzed whether it is properly functioned. Provided that the maintenance regulation is reinforced so as to implement the bearing replacement through periodical precise inspection along with random check-up inspection which is now carried out by the operating organizations, it is ensured that the life cycle extension and the reduction of maintenance cost of the tensioning device could be achieved.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.199-205
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• 2000

The stud female threads for stud bolts tend to degrade faster by high temperature over 450 C. Therefore, inspection for replacement cycle of stud bolts is used to carry out many kinds of method such as ultrasonic test(UT), magnetic test(MT), wobble test, visual test and hardness test. The visual inspection among those has been only applied for stud female threads generally and wobble test is often used to apply stud bolts. In this paper, wobble test is applied for evaluation of stud female threads on the contrary stud bolts especially. It is also applied three types of inspection method included wobble test on the two sites which is used for each other different operation cycle and three kinds of acquisition data are compared with evaluation methods. From the results, we have studied the characteristic exchanging of integrity evaluation data distribution according to using time and proposed managing method for female thread of stud on the power plants.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

In Korea ranking sixth out of The world's greenhouse gas emissions, all Korean public buildings have to implement obligatorily renewable energy systems for energy production to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from the energy consumed in operation, maintenance and management of buildings. The optimum combination and application rates for each energy source emerge from analyzing the trend of previous studies and the energy consumption is simulated by using a dynamic energy simulation program and the initial investment costs, the energy costs, the maintenance costs, the replacement costs emerge based on the calculated result. The result show that the total life cycle cost of 100% gerthermal is the lowest with \ 2,105,974,344 on the analysis results.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2003

The repair and maintenance planning is the principal transaction to prevent from the degradation of apartment buildings to prolong their lives. Various building components as part of living area should be maintained properly and timely before critical defects are realized, then the building life might be extended until the limit of its usability. In other words, various building components such as utilities, finishes and structural members are needed to be repaired and replaced in different time interval after completion. To do this systematically, a maintenance management system for Long-Range Planning (LRP) needs developing. The LRP should be figured out based on the forecast of repairing and replacing cycle of building components according to work trades. And the precise forecast of repairing and replacing time of the components helps to enhance the usability of the developed system. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a system with which apartment building managers carry out the tasks of periodical check, diagnosis and replacement of building components based on the maintenance calendar. By using the system, they can easily forecast repairing and replacing time of the components with the consideration of life cycle of building materials and build the LRP.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.437-445
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• 2017

Because of improvement of living standards and increased use of ice at home, built-in ice makers are of interest. In this study, refrigeration cycle of a unitary ice maker for residential usage was optimized using R-404A. Optimization was achieved through a search for proper refrigerant charge amount. For the present ice maker producing ice for 24 cups, the optimum charge amount was 200 g. In this configuration, the ice making cycle time was 17 minutes 53 seconds, ice production was 1.27 kg/h and COP was 0.310. After initial start-up, condensation and evaporation temperatures gradually decreased with time. As ice builds in the cup, heat transfer performance of the evaporator decreases, that results in decrease of evaporation and condensation temperatures. Replacement of existing slit nozzles with individual circular hole nozzles improved ice production capacity by 10 percent. Through visualization of ice formation in the ice cup, growth rate of the ice in the cup was relatively uniform.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

The aim of the research is to investigate the fundamental properties and heat of hydration reducing performance of the fly ash incorporated concrete mixture when the coal gas slag (CGS) from integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is used as fine aggregate. From the results of the experiment, the workability was generally increased and the air content was decreased up to one to four percent with increasing the replacing ratio of CGS to fine aggregate. The compressive strength was similar or increased within five percent to the Plain mixture when the CGS was used as a fine aggregate. When the CGS and fly ash were used same time, the heat of hydration reducing performance was improved than single using cases either CGS or fly ash. Based on the results, for the concrete mixture using CSG as a portion of the combined fine aggregate, the general properties were improved and heat of hydration was decreased approximately 16 % when the fly ash was replaced 30 % to cement and the CGS was replaced less than 50 % to fine aggregate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.17 no.2 s.75
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• pp.227-241
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• 2005

This paper presents a practical and realistic Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) optimum design methodology for steel bridges considering the long-term effect of environmental stressors such as corrosion and heavy truck traffics on bridge reliability. The LCC functions considered in the LCC optimization consist of initial cost, expected life-cycle maintenance cost, and expected life-cycle rehabilitation costs including repair/replacement costs, loss of contents or fatality and injury losses, road user costs, and indirect socio-economic losses. For the assessment of the life-cycle rehabilitation costs, the annual probability of failure, which depends upon the prior and updated load and resistance histories, should be accounted for. For the purpose, Nowak live load model and a modified corrosion propagation model, which takes into consideration corrosion initiation, corrosion rate, and repainting effect, are adopted in this study. The proposed methodology is applied to the LCC optimum design problem of an actual steel box girder bridge with 3 continuous spans (40m+50m+40m=130m). Various sensitivity analyses are performed to investigate the effects of various design parameters and conditions on the LCC-effectiveness. From the numerical investigation, it has been observed that local corrosion environments and the volume of truck traffic significantly influence the LCC-effective optimum design of steel bridges. Thus, these conditions should be considered as crucial parameters for the optimum LCC-effective design.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.1A
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• pp.75-89
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• 2006

This paper presents a practical and realistic Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) optimum design methodology of steel bridges considering time effect of bridge reliability under environmental stressors such as corrosion and heavy truck traffics. The LCC functions considered in the LCC optimization consist of initial cost, expected life-cycle maintenance cost and expected life-cycle rehabilitation costs including repair/replacement costs, loss of contents or fatality and injury losses, road user costs, and indirect socio-economic losses. For the assessment of the life-cycle rehabilitation costs, the annual probability of failure which depends upon the prior and updated load and resistance histories should be accounted for. For the purpose, Nowak live load model and a modified corrosion propagation model considering corrosion initiation, corrosion rate, and repainting effect are adopted in this study. The proposed methodology is applied to the LCC optimum design problem of an actual steel box girder bridge with 3 continuous spans (40 m+50 m+40 m=130 m), and various sensitivity analyses of types of steel, local corrosion environments, average daily traffic volume, and discount rates are performed to investigate the effects of various design parameters and conditions on the LCC-effectiveness. From the numerical investigation, it has been observed that local corrosion environments and the number of truck traffics significantly influence the LCC-effective optimum design of steel bridges, and thus realized that these conditions should be considered as crucial parameters for the optimum LCC-effective design.