• Title/Summary/Keyword: relevant Act

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Post-Medium and Postproduction: Contemporaneity of Contemporary Art (포스트-미디엄과 포스트프로덕션 : 포스트모더니즘 이후 현대미술의 '동시대성(contemporaneity)')

  • Chung, Yeon Shim
    • The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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    • no.14
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    • pp.187-215
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    • 2012
  • In recent studies of art historical methodology, such as Critical Terms for Art History and The Art of Art History, subjectivity, identity, abjection, and other terms have been placed safely in the genealogy of contemporary art history. This paper questions the contemporaneity in the story of contemporary art in our time in relation to two other critical terms that have been regularly cited by contemporary critics, not only in Euro-American fields but also in Korea. The terms are postmedium and postproduction, respectively, as used by Rosalind Krauss and Nicolas Bourriaud. This paper stems from the critical condition in which art criticism and theory have their power in the rise of neo-liberalism. But this paper does not deal with the contemporary as a chronological term for art history but rather examines the three critical terms-contemporaneity, post-medium, and postproduction-that have garnered scholarly attention. I would like to put aside postmodernism for the moment; I don't disregard the postmodern condition although the death of postmodern critical terms has resulted in the loss of its polemical power in art worlds such as in exhibitions, etc. To look at "the postproduction in the age of post-medium age after postmodernism," I first explore Krauss's notion of post-medium because, unlike media artists like Lev Manovich and Peter Weibel, Krauss's post-medium condition is different and insists on medium specificity. In this sense, Krauss has turned out to be another Greenberg in disguise. For her, photography and video are expanded mediums after Greenberg, because Krauss has spent her life explicating those mediums. Under the Cup, her recent publication, came out in 2011, and discusses her desire to defend medium-specificity against the intermedia of installation art found ubiquitously in international exhibitions and biennales. Her usage of post-medium has been taken up by Weibel as postmedia in a broader sense. But whether the post-medium condition or the postmedia age, we nonetheless enter the new age of the contemporary. Consequently, this paper questions what constitutes contemporaneity in our times. It is said that there is nothing new on earth, yet I find original artistic strategies among the younger generation in the postmedia age. The contemporary justifies its place in art fields and criticism by keeping its distance from postmodernism although we still find the remnants of postmodern artistic practices and theoretical foundations. By looking at materials written by Terry Smith, I would like to examine contemporaneity as a rhetoric where artists, critics, and curators endeavor to set up a new spirit of criticism, distant from the past of modernism and postmodernism. In discussions, modernism and postmodernism act as catalysts interacting with each other while justifying their own place. In conclusion, my paper reaches to delineate where the contemporary finds its place among artists' responses and working methods. It explores the postproduction of the Internet and the World Wide Web generations, where images become data rather than representation (of modernism) and appropriation (of postmodernism). This paper analyzes Bourriaud's text, as well as relevant artists like Pierre Huyghe, Liam Gillick, and others. By examining the aforementioned critical terms, I would like to reconsider our own contemporary art in Korea, especially among young artists influenced by digital media and the World Wide Web in the 1990s.

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International Comparison of Re-start up Support system for Failed Businessmen (실패기업인의 재창업지원 제도에 관한 국제비교연구)

  • Kim, Hyung-Ho;Yoon, Heon-Deok
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.235-252
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    • 2015
  • The Korean government is building a virtuous cycle of startups and venture businesses for a dynamic, innovative economy. This ecosystem is made possible when a social environment that embraces tolerance and turn business failure into re-startups and challenging venture startups by outstanding entrepreneurs are present. Due to the government's efforts to promote start-ups and venture businesses, their number has been increasing annually, but the efforts to create a social environment for re-startups and establish a relevant institution have recently started. This study is aimed at providing policy direction for re-startups by getting policy implications after identifying the current status of domestic failed businessmen' re-startups based on previous researches on failed businessmen. This study also reviewed advanced nations' cases and made international comparison of re-startup policies. Before the startup culture that recognizes failure as the stage for success is formed as in the U.S., it is necessary to create a legal basis for continuously pushing for the rechallenge policy of EU's Small Business Act and establish and operate the private sector-driven revitalization council of SMEs in Japan. It is also necessary to consider the guarantee of failed businessmen' livelihood. If additional research and government policies are added to the conclusions made on the policy implications, this research will provide an in-depth insight for revitalizing domestic re-startup.

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A Study on Unconstitutionality of Insurance Premium Rating System in Accordance with National Health Insurance Act. - Focused on Age and Gender in Premium Rating Standards Activity Rate and Living Standards of the Local Insured - (국민건강보험법상 보험료부과체계에 관한 법적 고찰 -지역가입자 생활수준 및 경제활동 참가율 부과기준 중 성과 연령을 중심으로 -)

  • Song, Kimin;Jeong, Jeong-Ile
    • The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.185-209
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    • 2014
  • While the local health insurance and the employment-based insurance were integrated in July 2000, the insured is divided into employment-based insured and the local insured and the relevant premium has been applied to both groups. The health insurance premium having the feature of social solidarity has to be determined depending on income, that is, the ability to pay in accordance with the principles of social insurance. While employment-based insurance premium has been determined depending on the earned income, the local insurance premium for the local insured has been determined by scoring gross income(evaluated income), property and possession of automobiles. A variety of improvement approaches has been implemented including introduction of the employment-based insurance premium ceiling system (2002) and the change of property scoring system for the local insured (2006). However, the health insurance system which was merged in 2000 has been implemented up to now without significant change even though there were lots of socio-demographic change including increase of income level and the population structure such as low birth and aging. In other words, it is required to implement the premium rating system securing the income-based equity. Nevertheless, it was inevitable to apply the diverse rating standards in the early stage because it was very difficult to verify the income of the self-employed. Although the income verification rate was significantly increased from 23% in 1989 to 44% in 2010, the irrational standards including property, automobiles, living standard and activity rate have been still applied to the local insured because it is difficult to secure the validity of insurance premium rating system and it severely lacks of security. This paper investigated whether the current insurance premium rating system for the local insured imposing the premium on the basis of 'gender' and 'age' complies with the basic human rights secured by the current Constitution of the Republic of Korea with respect to the practical and theoretic irrationality of insurance premium rating system and standards for he local insured. In accordance with the analysis results, this paper proposed the approach to improve the system.

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TAp73 and ΔNp73 Have Opposing Roles in 5-aza-2'-Deoxycytidine-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells

  • Lai, Jing;Yang, Fang;Zhang, Wenwen;Wang, Yanru;Xu, Jing;Song, Wei;Huang, Guichun;Gu, Jun;Guan, Xiaoxiang
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.37 no.8
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    • pp.605-612
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    • 2014
  • The p73 gene contains an extrinsic P1 promoter and an intrinsic P2 promoter, controlling the transcription of the pro-apoptotic TAp73 isoform and the anti-apoptotic ${\Delta}Np73$ isoform, respectively. The DNA methylation status of both promoters act equally in the epigenetic transcriptional regulation of their relevant isoforms. The aim of this study was to analyze the different effects of these p73 isoforms in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC)-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. We investigated the effects of the DNA demethylation agent, 5-aza-dC, on the T-47D breast cancer cell line, and evaluated the methylation status of the p73 promoters and expression of TAp73 and ${\Delta}Np73$. Furthermore, we assessed the expression of p53 and p73 isoforms in 5-aza-dC-treated T-47D cells and p53 knockout cells. 5-aza-dC induced significant anti-tumor effects in T-47D cells, including inhibition of cell viability, G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. This was associated with p73 promoter demethylation and a concomitant increase in TAp73 mRNA and protein expression. In contrast, the methylation status of promoter P2 was not associated with ${\Delta}Np73$ mRNA or protein levels. Furthermore, demethylation of P2 failed to inhibit the expression of ${\Delta}Np73$ with 5-aza-dC in the p53 knockdown cell model. Our study suggests that demethylation of the P1 and P2 promoters has opposite effects on the expression of p73 isoforms, namely up-regulation of TAp73 and down-regulation of ${\Delta}Np73$. We also demonstrate that p53 likely contributes to 5-aza-dC-induced ${\Delta}Np73$ transcriptional inactivation in breast cancer cells.

A Study on the Clearance Level(draft) for the Steel Scrap from the KRR-1 & 2 Decommissioning (연구로 1,2호기 해체 철재폐기물의 규제해제농도기준(안) 도출을 위한 연구)

  • 홍상범;이봉재;정운수
    • Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.60-67
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    • 2004
  • The exposure dose form recycling of a large amount of the steel scrap from the KRR-1&2 decommissioning activities was evaluated, and also the clearance level(draft) was derived. The maximum individual dose and collective dose were evaluated by modifying internal dose conversion factor which was based on the concept of effective dose in ICRP 60, applied to the RESRAD-RECYCLE ver 3.06 computing code, IAEA Safety Series 111-P-1.1 and NUREG-1640 as the assessment tool. The result of assessment for individual dose and collective dose is 23.9 $\mu$Sv per year and 0.11 man$.$Sv per year respectively. The clearance levels were ultimately determined by extracting the most conservative value form the results of the generic assessment and specific assessment methodologies. The result of clearance level for radionuclides( $Co^{60}$ , C $s^{l37}$) is less than 1.14${\times}$10$^{-1}$ Bq/g to comply with the clearance criterion(maximum individual dose : 10 $\mu$Sv per year, collective dose : 1 man$.$Sv per year) provided for Korea Atomic Energy Act and relevant regulations.s.

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A Study on the Clarance Level for the Metal Waste from the KRR-1 & 2 Decommissioning (연구로 1,2호기 해체 금속폐기물의 규제해제농도기준(안) 도출을 위한 연구)

  • 홍상범;이봉재;정운수
    • Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.660-664
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    • 2003
  • The exposure dose form recycling on a large amount of the steel scrap from the KRR-1&2 decommissioning activities was evaluated, and also the clearance level was derived. The maximum individual dose and collective dose were evaluated by modifying internal dose conversion factor which was based on the concept of effective dose in ICRP 60, applied to the RESRAD-RECYCLE ver 3.06 computing code, IAEA Safety Series III-P-1.1 and NUREG-1640 as the assessment tool. The result of assessment for individual dose and collective dose is 23.9 ${\mu}Sv$ per year and 0.11 man$\cdot$Sv per year respectively. The clearance levels were ultimately determined by extracting the most conservative value form the results of the generic assessment and specific assessment methodologies. The result of clearance level for radionuclides($Co^60$, $Cs^137$) is less than $1.67{\times}10^{-1}$ Bq/g to comply with the clearance criterion(maximum individual dose : 10 $\muSv$ per year, collective dose : 1 man$\cdot$Sv per year) provided for Korea Atomic Energy Act and relevant regulations.

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A Study on the Regulations and Market of Location Based Service(LBS) (위치기반서비스(LBS)의 규제와 시장 활성화에 관한 연구)

  • Nam, Sunmi;Park, Minsu;Kim, Kyungshin;Kim, Seungjoo
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.141-152
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    • 2014
  • According to proliferation of smartphones and extension of various services utilizing location information, markets of Location Based Service(LBS) have been activating all over the world. However, as the privacy violations of personal location information have been continuously increased, interests in the deregulation have been grown as well. While the regulations of location information can protect personal information and privacy, it causes some negative affect in terms of development of diverse services and industry activation. In particular, Korea is the only country that has applied strict restrictions of LBS by making location information related independent 'Location Information Protection Act'. As a result of this, the issues that LBS industry has no longer developed in Korea and it is necessary for us to relax the regulations have been consistently raised. Thus, this study confirmed that there was the negative(-) relationship between the regulations and the market activation of LBS by comparing and analyzing the correlation between the market growth rate of LBS and relevant regulations at home and abroad; the regulations are strengthened, restrictions in market entry and the business performance can occur. In other words, LBS business will be able to be activated if the regulations which have not directly related to the privacy have been relaxed.

A Study on the Improvement of the Quality Management in Apartment Construction Projects (공동주택 현장의 품질관리 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Moon Hyeon;Wang Ilkook;Chin Sangyoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • autumn
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    • pp.373-378
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    • 2001
  • In order to analyze the problems and improvement methods in the quality management of domestic apartment construction projects, this study derived the four barrier factors through relevant literature survey and interviews with construction practitioners. Among these four factors, which are 1) policies and regulations, 2) technologies, 3) human and organization, and 4) other miscellaneous aspects, the human and organization factor is the main focus of this survey and it was decomposed into perception, management system, education, and system on quality management according to the Taguchi's S/N theory to survey existing problems and suggest improvement methods for them. The survey on the quality perception showed that all the members need to cooperate actively, and CEO and chief construction managers should recognize the quality as the highest priority and act by themselves accordingly. The survey on the quality management showed that they need to reform their business process to reduce redundant tasks and miscommunications among participants. Quality education should be provided in a way that people at different management level can be educated differently with close relation to their practices. Quality systems should help corrective actions against quality problems at construction fields. Also with clear quality management implantation polices and objectives, the quality system should be established in order to support better communication among project stakeholders.

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Changes in Toxicological Characteristics after Sales of Nonprescription Drugs in Convenience Stores (안전상비의약품 판매 이후 중독환자 특성 변화)

  • Kim, Chang Yeong;Lee, Eui Jung;Lee, Sung Woo;Kim, Su Jin;Han, Kap Su
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: On November 15, 2012, sales of OTC (Over-The-Counter) drugs began at convenience stores, which changed the accessibility of some drugs. As a result, the exposure and access patterns of these drugs could have changed. In this study, we reviewed the changes in the characteristics of drug poisoning patients because of the reposition of nonprescription drugs according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate changes in characteristics of drug poisoning patients between 2008 and 2016. A registry was developed by an emergency medical center in a local tertiary teaching hospital, and patients who visited the center were enrolled in this registry. We compared two periods, from 2008 to 2012 (Pre OTC) and from 2013 to 2016 (Post OTC), for type of intoxicant, time from poisoning to visiting the emergency center, intention, psychiatric history, previous suicidal attempt, alcohol status, and emergency room outcomes. The primary outcome was the number of patients who took acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Secondary outcomes were ICU admission rate, mortality rate, and number of patients who visited the ER when the pharmacy was closed after taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results: Among 1,564 patients, 945 and 619 patients visited the emergency room during pre and post OTC periods. The number of patients with acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning decreased from 9.2% to 6.1% (p=0.016). The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in the emergency room did not show significant results in the relevant patient groups, and so was the number of patients visiting ER when the pharmacy was closed taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Conclusion: Despite the sales of nonprescription drugs at convenience stores, the number of acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning patients decreased.

Improvement Devices on the Law and Institution and Current Situation of Health and Medical Treatment for the Aged (노인보건의료의 현황과 법 제도적 개선방안)

  • Noh, Jae-Chul;Ko, Zoon-Ki
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.170-186
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    • 2013
  • As the population is getting older, medical expenses amount of the whole is keep increasing. So, the pressure of the finances, Health Insurance, Medical Care Assistance Act and etc, is getting higher. The share of healthcare-expense is increasing due to elderly illness. And it became a social problem; we analysed present state of senior healthcare in South Korea-looked into current laws and policies, and found problems. We tried to suggest improvements that drew from the current state of foreign country senior healthcare of those problems. For the result, we found the problem in relevant-law system of senior healthcare guarantee. In this study, we proposed the ways to qualitatively upgrade of medical standard that considered on elderly' features: the strengthened guarantee for healthcare, financial secure for long-term convalescence benefit, linking and functional reinforcement for elderly welfare and long-term convalescence insurance, the solution for overlapped laws about convalescence in long-term convalescence insurance and elderly welfare, a betterment of grading, and a home service consolidation. We need to secure right amount of emergency medical service budget, and effective management system for the improved level of senior severely emergency medical service. Furthermore, we suggested that South Korea needs to legislate [The Law for Senior Medical Secure] to respond to rapidly increasing senior healthcare fee.