• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was a descriptive study to compare of quality of life, relationship with CVA patients, and family support between caregiver of patient with CVA in western and oriental medicine. Method: Total 270 caregivers for CVA patients were selected from western medicine department (114) and oriental medicine department (156) at K hospital in Seoul. The instrument tools utilized in this study were quality of life, Family support, Caregiver's relationship with patients, daily activity. Collected data were analyzed by $X^2$-test, t-test using SPSS Windows 12.0 Program. Result: The result are as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in quality of life between caregivers of patients with CVA in western and oriental medicine(t=.26, p=.792). 2) There was significant difference in relationship with patients(t=2.64, p=.009) and family support(t=2.12, p=.035) before onset of disease between caregivers of patients with CVA in western and oriental medicine. Conclusion: As a result, caregivers of oriental medicine with CVA patients showed closer relationship with patients before the onset of disease and higher family support compare to caregivers of western medicine with CVA patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Object : The purpose of this study is difference between western medicine and oriental medicine in tension headache. Methods : A literature study on the tension headache was performed. The cause, symptoms, relationship with other diseases, pathology and treatment of oriental and western medicine were investigated. Conclusion : In western medicine, tension headache is mainly caused by emotional stress, tension of head and neck musculatures. Treatments include medication, psychologic care, alteration of habits and biofeedback. Removal of muscle tension is of main interest in western medicine. In oriental medicine, tension headache is classified into internal and external problem. The imbalance of organs of spleen, liver and kidney causes headache. Hyperactivity of liver chi and deficiency of kidney yin are main source of headache. On the treatment, relieve of muscle tension and correction of bad habit are emphasized in western medicine while promotion of harmony among the internal organs is main target in oriental medicine.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.193-199
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• 2002

Objective : The purpose of this study is to find out the mutual relationship with oriental medication and western medication of obesity Results : 1. Medicational efficacy on obesity is controled by three thing - weight decrease, food intake acting, energy consumption. 2. Western medication is sorted Appetite inhibiter, Food absorption inhibiter and Heat making promoter. 3. Oriental medication is sorted the xu(虛;deficiency) and the shi(實;excess). medication of xu and shi is sorted various method each other. 4. Appetite inhibiter and Food absorption inhibiter of western medication is related to Enrich the blood and Enrich yin(補血養陰) of oriental medication. Heat making promoter of western medication is related to Invigorate vital energy and Invigorate the spleen(補氣健脾) and Warm yang(溫陽). 5. Medication of shi of oriental medication is difficult to find in western medication.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the contemporary perception of traditional Korean medical doctors (TKMDs) on traditional Korean medicine (TKM) policies and issues. Methods: A questionnaire that included traditional medicine policy- and treatment-related issues was sent to 130 TKM medical centers and 4,300 TKM local clinical offices in Korea, and received responses from total 648 TKMDs in 122 TKM medical centers and 465 TKM local clinical offices. Results: Of the responding TKMDs, 40% believed that unification of Western and traditional medicines would benefit both modes of medical treatment, 67.6% were against allowing Chinese doctor certification to be effective in Korea through the Korea-China FTA (Free Trade Agreement), and 57.8% believed that the number of TKMDs should be reduced. We also found that 46.1% of TKMDs believed that more lectures on Western medicine would be needed in schools of TKM. Moreover, 87.5% of respondents regarded medical knowledge as necessary for treatment, and 49.4% believed National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Traditional Medicine (NCCAOM) would be not necessary. TKMDs regarded governmental efforts as more vital than education in schools or individual efforts for enhancement of the traditional medical care market in Korea. To efficiently provide the advantages of complementary CAM, such as cost and safety, detailed research is required when policy is made. Conclusions: The TKM industry must implement policies how the relationship with Western medicine can be better defined under the current dual medical system. On the issue of human resources, more research will be needed on the current policy, which serves to maintain the status quo by blocking the importation of Chinese practitioners and by reducing the number of new practitioners.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

Objectives : The terms, CAM and Integrative Medicine, have been often used to conceptualize relation between TKM and western medicine in Korea. But both terms often lead to confusion since the backgrounds of those were not being properly discussed. Methods : We researched the concepts of CAM and Integrative Medicine through the changes in definitions and research methods. Results : Although modern medical verification of CAM showed some results through scientific researches, there existed certain limitations. The term Integrative Medicine newly emerged for this reason. The rise of the new term came to criticize existing research methodologies such as RCTs or SRs. However in Korea, Integrative Medicine has often been misunderstood as a unification of two different medical systems. Conclusions : Thus, in future research of relationship between TKM and western medicine, debates on plausibility & philosophical background of TKM, and research methodology are indispensable.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.45-60
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• 2018

Background : There have been a variety of healthcare systems related to CAM practitioners developed in each country. However, the European cases have not been widely introduced in Korea so far. In the case of Germany, CAM practices have been developed in the frame of "Heilpraktiker" system. Objectives : The objectives of this study were to review the historical development and current situation of German Heilpraktiker system and its conflicting relationship with Western medical doctors, in order to utilize it as basic data for the conflict resolution between Western- and KM doctors in Korea. Methods : The historical development, current regulations and education system of Heilpraktiker were assessed. Research articles, reports, government publications and websites dealing with this issue were searched for and analyzed. Results : Heilpraktiker system was developed within German historical and cultural situation where naturopathic traditions were reilluminated in connection with modernization process of the state under the influence of romanticism formulating German nationalism. Between the concept of "Kurierverbot"(prohibition on medical treatment by non-physicians) and "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment), Heilpraktiker achieved a limited but legitimated right to conduct non-biomedical treatments from the state in the process of the formulation of modern German medical system. In this process, the conflicts between medical doctors and heilpraktikers have been also growing up to now. Conclusions : Heilpraktiker system, officially recognized with the legislation of Heilpraktiker law in 1939, stands at a crossroads between the continual development through strengthening its professionality, and abolition of the system due to its lack of quality control and medical evidence mostly argued by Western medical doctors, which has considerable implications for Korean situations in terms of the conflicting relationship between KM- and Western medical doctors. In this regard, it is necessary to discuss the debates on the concept "Kurierfreiheit"(freedom of medical treatment) developed within German tradition of medical pluralism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.86-99
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare atopic dermatitis and food allergy of Korean Medicine with those of western medicine. Methods : We examined the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergy mainly in digestive system abnormalities through literature review. Results : Food allergy is classified into categories such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and cough caused by retention of undigested food(食積) and pimples(癮疹) in Korean medicine. The side effects caused by specific immune reactions occur repeatedly due to exposure to specific food allergen or retention of undigested food. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are often coexisting and deeply related. Digestive system abnormalities can result not only in indigestion but also in immune function abnormalities. Food allergies are known to cause atopic dermatitis and the influx of food antigens exacerbates atopic dermatitis. This corresponds to atopic dermatitis due to abnormal digestive system(脾胃) accompanied by fever(熱), wind(風), and weakness(虛) with focusing on dampness(濕). A typical example of the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergy in Korean medicine is Tae-yeul (胎熱). Tae-yeul refers to atopic dermatitis caused by a sensitization to reaction to the dietary antigens of the mother through the placenta during the fetal life with a unusual genetic disposition. Conclusions : We compared korean medicine with western medicine for atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Atopic dermatitis caused by abnormal immune function due to ingestion of food antigen corresponds to dermatitis due to retention of undigested food(食積), digestive system(脾胃臟) problems in korean medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare hair and alopecia of Korean Medicine with those of western medicine. Methods : We studied relationships between hair and essense(精), qi(氣), blood(血), five vicera(五臟) and meridians(經絡) through literature review about hair and alopecia. We compared Korean medicine with western medicine on physiology of hair and treatment of alopecia based on the study. Results & Conclusion : 1. Congenital essense(先天之精) is related with genetic factor and acquired essence(後天之精) is connected with nutritional factor. Defending function of Defense qi(衛氣) is related with immune reaction and qi stagnation(氣鬱) is associated with stress reaction. Atrophy of vascular tissues observed in alopecia scalp means deep relationship between blood(血) and alopecia, further deficiency of blood can cause telogen effluvium. 2. Kidney qi(腎氣) is related with inhibiting combination of Androgen receptor and Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) or activating hair growth factior. Pi(脾) is connected with alopecia seborrheica caused by damp-heat(濕熱) and alopecia areata caused by excessive prudence(思慮過度). Heart(心) is associated with atrophy in vascular tissue of scalp and liver(肝) is connected with metabolism. 3. Armpit hair and pubic hair as secondary sex characteristics are realated with Yangming Meridian(陽明經) and beard and hair at crown part where Type II $5{\alpha}$-reductase is activated much are associated with Taiyang Meridian(太陽經). 4. Juglandis Semen pharmacopuncture and Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopucture have better effects on inhibit $5{\alpha}$-reductase than Finasteride. Minoxidil and PRP are similar with promoting blood flow and removing stasis(活血祛瘀). Seven-star needling(七星針) is similar with microneedling. 5. Alopecia can be caused by due to lack of circulation Views we need solution to improve circulation coincide in opinion with Korean Medicine and Western medicine.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-61
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognition and the attitudes towards the oriental medicine of the nursing students. The questionnaire consisted of the 8 general questions, the 19 questions on the medical characteristics and the 36 questions on the cognition and the effects of the oriental medicine. As the result of the factor analysis, the four factors were divided. In the factor one, they were affirmative in the cognition and the effects of the herbs and the acupuncture and so on. Whreas they considered the western medicine more effective in the surgeon, the operation and the microbial disease. In the factor two, they said that the oriental medicine agreed with their constitution. They had a good recognition of the herbs and recognized its effects, adding that the oriental medicine was mysterious. In the factor three, they said that the oriental medine lacked the scientific bases and herb medicine were not convenient, But they recognized their effects. In the factor four, they recognizd the limit of the oriental medicine. They thought that it was desirable to utilize the oriental medicine with the western medicine as the complementary relation. The corelation between each type and the general features had relationship(P<0.05) as follows: the grade and factor 1, the age and factor 1, family situation and factor 4, family number and factor 4, and whether a family has a patient and factor 1. The higher the grade was, the much they had the western medical-oriented cognition. This was because ~he present nursing education system was the western medical-oriented one. It includs the only one oriental medical course. According to the results of this study, nursing students recognized the general effects of the oriental medical from the disease prevention to its treatment in the first grade. But they came to consider the oriental medical as the complementary fact of the western medical as their grade was higher. However, owing to the application of the oriental medical insurance, the use of the oriental medicine is on the increase and in the nursing field the atteention on the oriental nursing is growing too. There fore the suitable application of the courses related to the oriental medical is required for activating the oriental medicine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the complementary and substitute relationships between the use of Korean medicine (KM) and that of Western medicine (WM) in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease. Methods: We analyzed the 2009 Korea Health Panel dataset. General characteristics and the medical utilization of respondents were analyzed descriptively. Logistic regression, negative binominal regression, and Tobit regression analysis were used to identify the relationships between the use of KM and the use, visit frequency, and expenses of WM, respectively. Results: In the treatment of musculoskeletal disease, KM use and non-herbal treatments with Korean medicine significantly reduced WM use. Herb medication use significantly increased WM visit frequency. There were no significant relationships between KM use and WM expenses. Conclusions: There are substitute relationships between WM use and KM use, especially non-herbal treatments in KM. Therefore we need to develop the clinical protocols of KM and WM treatments in the treatment of musculoskeletal disease for proper distribution medical resources.