• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.21-27
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• 2021

The financial sector is one of the most important building blocks of the economy. When this sector efficiently implemented a well-crafted program on banking and financial system to translate financial activities to income-generating activity, economic growth will be realized. Hence, this study analyzed the effect of financial intermediation on economic growth and the existence of cointegrating relationship using time-series data from 1986 to 2015. The influence of financial intermediation in terms of bank credit to bank deposit ratio, private credit, and stock market capitalization and time trend to economic growth was estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression. The results showed that all the financial intermediation indicators and time trend exert significant effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The positive sign of the time trend indicates that there is an upward trend in GDP per capita averaging approximately 0.06 percent annually. Furthermore, the cointegration test using the Johansen procedure revealed that there is a presence of long-term equilibrium relationship between financial intermediation and time trend and economic growth, and rules out spurious regression results. This study established the idea that financial intermediation in the Philippines has a significant and vital role in stimulating growth in the economy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.21-30
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• 2021

This study examines the role of the manufacturing sector in stimulating economic growth in the Saudi economy. Even though the economic literature shows how the manufacturing sector stimulates economic growth, it does not clearly show the role of the manufacturing sector in economic growth. The study employed annual time-series data spanning the 1980-2018 period from the databases of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority. Moreover, the cointegration and VECM approaches were employed to examine the short- and long-run relationship causality between variables. The results show a two-way causal relationship exists between the manufacturing sector and economic growth. Furthermore, the results indicate that a unidirectional causal relationship exists, running from the manufacturing sector to the services sector. The study recommends that the determinants of the growth of the Saudi manufacturing sector must be investigated. Moreover, the most productive Saudi manufacturing industries must be identified, and the productivity of other sectors must be increased in a way that contributes to economic plans and policies. Thus, adopting economic policies that stimulate investment in the manufacturing sector contributes to increasing non-oil exports to diversify sources of income to achieve vision 2030 of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.68-77
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effects of mindfulness and growth mindset on the relationship between occupational stress and happiness among clinical nurses. Methods: The participants were 220 clinical nurses working in two hospitals in D city. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect the data, which were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, hierarchical multiple regression, and Sobel test. Results: Occupational stress had significant negative correlations with happiness, mindfulness, and growth mindset. On the other hand, mindfulness and growth mindset had significant positive correlations with happiness. Meanwhile, partial mediating effects of mindfulness and growth mindset were found on the relationship between occupational stress and happiness. Conclusion: Mindfulness and growth mindset can play an important role in buffering the negative influence of occupational stress on the happiness of clinical nurses. Therefore, interventions that ease occupational stress and encourage mindfulness and growth mindset are recommended to increase happiness among clinical nurses.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

Purpose - Multiple stakeholders-including politicians, investors, and the wider public-have questioned the value of investing in port infrastructure improvements and the contributions they can make to economic performance. Design/methodology - This paper presents an empirical study of 56 countries with seaports from the year 2006 to 2019 to determine how the quality of port infrastructure affects its contribution in terms of trade openness and economic growth. To this end, this study applies hierarchical multiple regression analysis with panel data to empirically examine the economic impact of port infrastructure quality on the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. After the 56 selected countries were categorized as developed or developing, a multi-group panel data analysis was conducted. Findings - The results of this study show that trade openness has a significant positive effect on the national economy. The findings also indicate that, although developing countries should expect greater economic growth after investing in port infrastructure, this relationship weakens as developing countries become richer. Originality/value - The findings of this study not only elucidate the relationship between trade openness and national economic growth, but they also emphasize the importance of trade openness and port infrastructure in national economic growth, particularly among developing countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.751-761
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• 2021

The Vietnamese economy is a developing country that has brought many opportunities and challenges for the banking system. Commercial banks have developed strongly from quality to quantity, which plays a vital role in developing the economy. They play an important role in capital formation, which is essential for the economic development of a country. They provide financial services to the general public and businesses, ensuring economic and social stability and sustainable growth of the economy. Therefore, the relationship between bank depth and economic growth is of importance in research. This paper used a VAR (Vector Autoregressive Models) estimator for time series data models. The data is collected quarterly from the first quarter of the year 2000 to 2020. The study uses the VAR model to examine the causal relationships of economic growth, growth in money supply expansion, private sector capital requirement, and banks' domestic credit. The results indicate a general short-run relationship between banking sector depth and economic growth with a positive connection, but in the long term, the relationship between these variables can be reversed because of other macro factors. The findings show the two-way causal relationship between GDP growth and banking depth factors. This research contributes to policy-making by underlining the banking sector depth determinants when setting regulations and policies to develop the banking sector.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.223-238
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was a) to examine the effect of positive family relationships on post-traumatic growth in cancer patients, and b) to verify the moderating effect of spiritual sensitivity. Methods: The subjects were cancer patients, both outpatients and inpatients selected from major hospitals specialized in cancer treatment using judgement sampling. A self-administered questionnaire survey was given to cancer patients, and a total of 208 cases were collected but only 201 cases were used in the final analysis due to seven unclear and inadequate questionnaires. We performed descriptive statistics to identify the prevalence for each variable, and the moderating effect was verified through multiple regression analysis. Results: The main results are as follows. First, the average post-traumatic growth of the subjects was 3.01 (0-5 points). Second, the positive family relations of the subjects were 2.58 (0-5 points) and the average of spiritual sensitivity was 2.93 (1-5 points). Third, positive family relationship of cancer patients was positively correlated to post-traumatic growth, and spiritual sensitivity was verified as a moderator to positive family relationship enhancing the post -traumatic growth. Conclusion: These findings imply the importance of post-traumatic growth in cancer patients as a key intervention point to overcome pain and frustration from cancer. We suggest to develop family therapy programs and services aimed at fostering positive family relationships and meeting the needs of spiritual sensitivity for cancer patients and their families. This study also provides ways to promote post-traumatic growth in social welfare facilities in medical institutions and religious foundations.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.499-510
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• 2017

Based on "The Global Gender Gap Report" by World Economic Forum, this study identified factors of gender gap and analyzed a relationship between income growth and economic structural improvement with 145 countries. Consequently, sex ratio has a positive relationship with GNI growth rate and ICT development index. Female illiteracy has a negative relationship with only GNI growth rate, and female seat of parliament has a positive relationship with only with only GNI growth rate. Female labor participation rate has a positive relationship with inly ICT development index. These results confirmed the importance of future female labor force. With these results, many countries will need to reconsider discrimination against women and establish strategy based on an institution and a policy to prepare the 4th industrial revolution.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.281-294
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was verifying the policy effects by field of innovative growth engines, focusing on the discussion of the relationship between government support and corporate R&D activities (substitute/complementary goods), and based on the results, policy recommendations for promoting private R&D were carried out. Design/methodology/approach - Through literature research, academic/theoretical discussions about relationship between government support and corporate R&D activities were synthesized. Next, survey data were collected for companies engaged in the field of innovative growth engines and empirical analysis was conducted on the relationship between government support and R&D activities in 13 major sectors. Findings - First, as a result of analyzing all companies regardless of sector, government R&D subsidies had a positive (+) relationship with R&D activities of companies engaged in innovative growth engines, that is, a complementary relationship. Next, as a result of performing empirical analysis by dividing the 13 fields, it was found that 9 fields were complementary goods in which government support had a positive (+) effect on the R&D activities of companies. On the other hand, in the remaining four fields, the effect of government support on corporate R&D activities was not statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - In order to promote R&D activities of companies in the 9 fields where government support acts as a complementary product, it is necessary to establish policies centered on direct government support. On the other hand, it would be more desirable to seek indirect support rather than direct support in the 4 fields where government support did not have a statistically significant effect on corporate R&D activities.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1451-1457
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• 2004

Bone density parameters of children, unlike that of adult, might reflect growth effect along longitudinal direction as well as bone mass. The clinical test was performed for 859 male/female children with age 6-16 years. Ultrasonic imaging system was used to measure bone density, and relationship of bone density to age was evaluated. The bone quality index appeared to be highly correlated with age for male/female children. It was found that bone quality index rose rapidly in the first growth period. The bone quality index was then kept almost unchanged in the period of puberty, and slowly rose after puberty. It was also found that growth of female stopped earlier than that of male. Also, if more clinical examinations are performed by applying various sizes of region of interest, relationship between bone density and age is expected to be more reliable.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Plant growth is considered the sum of cell proliferation and subsequent elongation of the cells. The continuous proliferation and elongation of plant cells are vital to the production of new organs, which have a significant impact on overall plant growth. Accordingly, the relationship between environmental stimuli, such as temperature, light, wind, and sound waves to plant growth is of great interest in studies of plant development. Sound waves can have negative or positive effects on plant growth. In this review paper we have summarized the relationship between sound waves and plant growth response. Sound waves with specific frequencies and intensities can have positive effects on various plant biological indices including seed germination, root elongation, plant height, callus growth, cell cycling, signaling transduction systems, enzymatic and hormonal activities, and gene expression.