• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Small wetlands in an upland matrix can support diverse vegetation composition that increase both local and regional species richness. In this study we characterize the full range of wetland vegetation in an upland forest landscape at Dumyeong-ri, Gijang-gun, Busan. This wetland index can be calculated with species data, or with community type data as performed. Classified community types were used to describe vegetation at three wetlands and adjacent areas. The communities contained 28 species of vascular plants and 28 species were identified four plant community types. The Pinus densiflora type was dominated by Pinus densiflora and contained only four species. None of the plots had high proportion of standing water. The Carpinus laxiflora type had high obligate upland species (OU) and facultative upland species (FU). The Rhododendron mucronulatum type grew in over half of the plots included Pinus densiflora and Alnus japonica. Some species bother swampy areas adjacent to site C. The Miscanthus sacchariflorus type consisted of seasonal wetlands. The three sites contained nine species with the strongest indicator species being Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Miscanthus sinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, and Sagittaria aginashi. This type had the highest proportions of obligate wetland species. Plant species richness averaged 5.069. Shannon-Weaver index of diversity also varied among the community types (F=22.7, df=4, 115), with the types FU having significantly higher value (2.746) than the others (1.057 for type FW and 1.600 for type OU). Regional plans including all of the diverse types of wetland vegetation in upland forests will contribute substantially to the conservation of plant diversity.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.421-442
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• 2023

This research focuses on the fact that the characteristics of migration types of the youth in non-metropolitan areas vary by region and has the primary objective of comparing and analyzing the differences in determinants of each migration type. First, An exploratory analysis of the migration status and characteristics of the youth in non-metropolitan areas was conducted, and then a hierarchical logit model was used to estimate the determinants of migration types separately. The results showed that the characteristics of migration types vary by region, and each determinant of migration types is composed of different bundles of variables(individual and regional levels). In the future, policies aimed at securing young workforce in non-metropolitan areas will be more effective when they take into account various determinants of migration choices and reflect the regional context.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 1997

This study aims at drawing implications for Korea's urban growth management policies from U.S.A's experience on this issue. This study analyzes two types of contradictions in planning and implementing urban growth management policies: 1) value conflicts in goal setting and 2) contradictions among different level of governments (local, province, nation). As mentioned by Campbell (1996), there are three types of conflicts in objective values (efficiency, equity, and environment protection): property contradiction between economic growth and equity, resource conflict between efficiency and environment protection, and development conflict between equity and environment protection in urban growth management policies. In implementing urban growth management three types of conflicts in goal values should been taken into consideration. Contradictions among local governments, province, and central government are also found in implementing growth management policies. The lessons from the United State are as follow: 1) growth management plans are initiated by the local government and during the planning process adjacent local governments review a local government's growth management plans and give inputs for the plan, 2) local government and State work together for growth management planning and specially, the State provides technical and financial assistance to local government, and 3) the State plays leading roles in local government's planning and implementing of growth management policies with carrot and stick policy.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1997

The purpose of this research is to draw out the factors affecting the residents' evaluation on valuable animal and vegetation and the naturality of vegetation seen near regional environment. With this purpose, Questionnaire research and vegetation survey focusing on area of types of vegetation and species of big trees were made in 30 points of midstream of Tama River, Tokyo, Japan. The questionnaire research was based on basin environment units in order to be reflective of regional natural environment. The vegetation was classified into 5 types according to its flora and observed the covering area of each points and types through the aerial photograph. In addition, the species of big trees in habitat were listed by the survey. Results as below came out by analyzing the outcome of the questionnaire research and vegetation survey by multiple regression. First, residents are most likely not to distinguish precisely between the quantitative and qualitative aspects of vegetation. Both of the researches are apt to be influenced by quantitative factors of vegetation. Second, residents are assumed to consider forest of big trees, inhabitant of groups of big trees, highly natural.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In generally, the estimation work regarding building mechanical service system in comparison with other architectural estimations is time-consuming, and the process is continuously getting more difficult because of the increased usage of the attached piping materials such as fittings and supports in addition to their complicated construction processes. In order to improve this problem, the Korean authority provides a simple method to estimate the attached material rate regarding the main piping material, which is the most time-consuming work in the architectural mechanical estimation. However, to be an applicable method on construction site, a proper conversion rate of the attached piping material is still required for the proposed method regarding building usage and working types. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the suggestion of the material and labor cost rate of the attached piping materials such as the fittings and supports by work types and fitting methods of indoor fire, sprinkler, and extinguishing gas piping work of mechanical fire protection facilities in office buildings that have been designed after 2010.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.243-259
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• 2005

In the development of policies and projects for regional development, consolidating region's organization and organizational leadership that could establish and operate voluntary developmental plans along with active participations by regional people are important. There have been successful cases of regional agricultural products emphasizing regional characteristics by strengthening functions and autonomy of the local government based on the premise of increasing mealable relationship among local industries and maximizing the characteristics of local resources and local resource utilization. However, effective pursuing is difficult due to lack of organization and leadership. Centering around local units with their importance recognized playing the core role in the development of rural areas, other important issues are activating civic organizations essential for local development based on town units and agricultural amenity resources in rural areas by seeking methods of rearing organizational leadership, improving rural incomes by strengthening local competitiveness through environmentally-friendly agricultural products based on local units, and developing and activating farm experience related with green tour. The types of organization and leaders are analyzed by investigating approved cases of farm experience. According to the results of the analysis, we seek the methods of promoting organizations and leaders for promoting farm experiences in villages and methods of constructing support organizations for promoting farm experience centering around local government units (such as city, Kun, Eup, Myun and village).

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.15-29
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• 2016

Suburbs rural areas in the Capital region have been diversified by the influence of the Seoul and large cities for the last 10 years. This study aims to classify suburban rural areas and to analyze the differentiated characteristics of different types in order to propose more area-specific policy approach to suburban rural areas in the Capital region. Using the cluster analysis method, the suburban rural areas in the Capital region have been classified into four types; garden villages in rural areas, urbanization areas, agricultural-industrial mixed use areas, general rural areas. The result of this study shows that the four types of suburban rural areas are much differentiated one another in terms of internal characteristics and local dynamics and problems. In order to suburban rural sustainable development in the Capital region, the policy efforts should be address the area-specific problems and policy demand for each type of suburban rural areas.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2007

We tested for residual pesticide levels in agricultural products purchased from 5 provinces within the middle region of Korea during 2006. A Total of 488 samples of 23 different types of agricultural products were analyzed by GC/MS, GC-NPD, and LC/MS/MS. We used multi-analysis methods to analyze for 231 different pesticide types; a single residual pesticides were detected in 92 samples (18.9%), of which 9 samples (1.9%) exceeded the Korea Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). we detected pesticide residue in more than 50% of the pepper leaf and welsh onion samples. For the welsh onions, 16 among the 30 analyzed samples contained pesticide residue, and 4 samples exceeded the Korea MRLs. Among the 234 kinds of pesticides we tested for, 42 were detected, and 21 of them were detected more than twice. Six pesticide residue types, including cypermethrin, iprodione, fludioxonil, ethoprophos, flutolanil, and lufenuron, exceeded the MRLs. No residual pesticides were detected in 396 of the samples (81.1%), and the residual pesticide levels in 83 samples (17.0%) were lower than the Korea MRLs, indicating that 98.1% of the samples were relatively safe.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.96-108
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• 2011

In spite of arduous policy efforts to address the deprived region problem emerged in the rapid industrialization and urbanization processes since the 1960s, it is well acknowledged that there are some policy limitations. In a recent effort to improve the policy for the deprived regions, the national territory is divided into 4 groups such as urban, rural, growth promotion, and special situation areas and various policies for the deprived regions have been consolidated into a policy for the growth promotion areas. The purpose of the study is to classify the already-designated 70 growth promotion areas and examine the differentiated characteristics of different types in order to propose more regionally situated policy approach to the deprived areas. The study shows that the types of the 70 growth promotion areas are much differentiated one another in terms of internal characteristics and dynamics. It is therefore further argued that the policy efforts need to be area-specific in order to address the policy demand for the deprives regions in a more efficient way.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.104-126
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• 2003

This study found that was done to find the commercial and physical distribution system of the agricultural physical distribution center of the agricultural co-operation and considers the receipt region of agricultural, livestock and marine products of the agricultural physical distribution center established for the efficiency and integration of physical distribution by season. And this study clarified the relationship between regional characteristics and regional types of distribution in accordance with the sales of each product. According to the research, the agricultural physical distribution center of Cheongju agricultural co-operation receives agricultural, livestock and marine products from all over the country as the core region in Chungcheongbuk-do and deliveries mainly to some regions in Chungcheongbuk-do, Chungcheongnam-do and Daejeon city. That's e agricultural, livestock and marine products that the agricultural physical distribution center of the agricultural co-operation deals with the required freshness. Therefore, the physical distribution center forms the regional physical distribution system to mainly receive products from the regions where are relatively near the center and to delivery to the nearby region. This delivery of agricultural, livestock and marine product significantly influences the sales strategy as well as the economic principles of demand and supply.