• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권11B호
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• pp.1339-1345
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• 2011

적조란 유해조류 대 번식으로 바다물의 색깔이 변하는 자연현상이다. 적조의 피해가 증가함에 따라서 적조에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 자동으로 적조류를 분류하는 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 적조류는 영상 객체를 일치 할 수 있는 기준 중심 특정이 없기 때문에 인식이 어렵다. 이 때문에 기존이 연구들은 단순히 몇 종류의 적조류 만을 분류에 이용하고 있다. 본 논문은 주성분분석과 영상 객체의 원형율을 이용한 새로운 적조류 인식 방법을 제안한다.

• ALGAE
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.361-363
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• 2003

This study was conducted at Seomjin River estuary to identify the causative species of algal bloom and their blooming cycles. Field surveys were conducted at 4 stations in every week from April to December of 1999. Thirty species were observed as the causative species of alga bloom. Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira sp., and microflagellate spp. (mixed red tide: Chroomonas sp. and two species of Prasinophycea) made algal blooms during the present study period. In addition, toxic algal species of diatom Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries and dinoflagellate Dinophysis acuminata were observed. The algal blooms were caused by microflagellate spp. in June, Thalassiosira sp. in July and Skeletonema costatum in August. Generally, the algal blooms persisted for about 5 days in this area.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.360-363
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• 2006

The red tide related with Cochlodinium Polykrikoides bloom has been frequently occurred around the South Sea of Korea and caused the economic loss in the coastal breeding grounds. The outbreak scale was usually change by physical, biological and environmental condition at each years. Relatively large-scale red tide occurred in 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002 and 2003 through spatial scale, duration and maximum density. Compared the scale of red tide with physical condition around the South Sea, the lower coastal temperature on August around the South Sea corresponded with the large scale red tide. By serial oceanographic investigations on August in the South Sea and estimated wide area temperature information by satellite, SSTA around the South Sea and wide area was negative when the outbreak of red tide was large scale. From the results of temperature difference between surface and 30m layers, the occurrence of enormous red tide has a tendency when the temperature gradient around the seasonal thermocline was weakened. Larger Kuroshio volume transport in the upstream was also corresponded with the large scale red tide.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2013

The toxic, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) caused by the Cochlodinium polykrikoides have a serious impact on the coastal waters of Korea. In this study, the acoustic detection system was developed for rapid HABs detection, based on the acoustic backscattering properties of the C. polykrikoides. The developed system was mainly composed of a pulser-receiver board, a signal processor board, a control board, a network board, a power board, ultrasonic sensors (3.5 and 5.0 MHz), an environmental sensor, GPS, and a land-based control unit. To evaluate the performance of the system, a trail was done at a laboratory, and two in situ trials were conducted: (1) when there was no red tide, and (2) when there was red tide. In the laboratory evaluation, the system performed well in accordance with the number of C. polykrikoides in the received level. Second, under the condition when there was no red tide in the field, there was a good correlation between the acoustic data and sampling data. Finally, under the condition when there was red tide in the field, the system successfully worked at various densities in accordance with the number of C. polykrikoides, and the results corresponded with the sampling data and monitoring result of NFRDI (National Fisheries Research & Development Institute). From the laboratory and field evaluations, the developed acoustic detection system for early detecting HABs has demonstrated that it could be a significant system to monitor the occurrence of HABs in coastal regions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2000

Monospecific red tide by a toxic dinoflagellate belonging to the genus Alexandrium occurred at Chindong Bay in the southern coast of Korea and continued from April 6th to 15th in 1997. The ratio of its cell number to total phytoplankton cell number was much higher than $95\%$. This organism was identified as Alexandrium tamarense, although slight morphological differences were found comparing to the original and successive descriptions of the species. We found neither anterior nor posterior attachment pores in these cells of the bloom population. The occurrence of red tide caused by A. tamarense was first reported in Korea. Its plate formula is Po, Pc, 4', 6"c, 8s, 5"' and 2"". Thecal plates are thin with pore-like ornamentation. In those plates, the anterior part of the first apical plate (1') is narrower and its posterior end has sometimes a block-like accessory, but this variation was considered within the range of the morphological variability of this taxon. The cell density during the red tide exhibited a wide range of variation by the depth of water column, ranging from $2\times10^6$ cells$l^{-1}$ to $5\times10^6$ cells·$l^{-1}$. Water temperature varied from 11.8 to $12.3^{\circ}C$. Toxicity of A. tamarense during red tide was measured as $8.8\times10^5$. $MU\;\cdot\;cell^{-1}$ by mouse bioassay.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

Measurements of ocean color from space since 1970s provided vital information with reference to physical and biogeochemical properties of the oceanic waters. The utility of these data has been explored in order to map and monitor highly toxic/or harmful algal blooms (HABs) that affected most of coastal waters throughout the world due to accelerated eutrophication from human activities and certain oceanic processes. However, the global atmospheric correction and bio-optical algorithms developed for oceanic waters were found to yield false information about the HABs in coastal waters. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of red tide index (RI) method, which has been developed by Ahn and Shanmugam (2005), for mapping of HABs in Korean and neighboring waters. Here we employed the SSMM to remove the atmospheric effect in the SeaWiFS image data and the achieved indices by RI method were found more appropriate in correctly identifying potential areas of the encountered HABs in Korean South Sea (KSS) and Chinese coastal waters during 1999-2004. But the existence of high absorbing and scattering materials greatly interfered with the standard OC4 algorithm which falsely identified red tides in these waters. In comparison with other methods, the RI approach for the early detection of HABs can provide state managers with accurate identification of the extent and location of these blooms as a management tool.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2001

적조에 관한 조사는 육안과 샘플링에 의한 현지조사에 의해 일반적으로 진행되고 있다. 이와 같은 기존의 조사와 분석방법은 적조의 발생과 소멸까지의 경로를 정확하게 예측하기 곤란하였다. 이에 좀더 객관적이고 과학적인 방법으로 적조의 발생과 그 이동경로 등 시·공간적인 환경인자를 분석해 볼 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 적조발생에 대한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 원격탐측기법을 적용하였다. 적조의 주요 원인이 되는 해수 온도의 변화, 조류의 변화 등을 자료와 탐측데이터를 활용하였으며, 육지로부터 유입되는 부하 물질 등의 적조원인 데이터를 해석함으로서 남해연안에 발생하는 적조의 현상을 사전에 예측하는 기법을 연구하였으며 그 활용가능성을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2012

적조는 유해 조류의 이상 대량번식으로 바닷물의 색이 적색이나 황색으로 변하며, 어패류를 대량으로 집단 폐사시키는 등 바다환경에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치는 전 세계적인 자연현상이다. 국내에서는 90년대 이후로 어패류 양식장에 지속적인 피해를 입히고 있다. 적조 생물에 대한연구는 수산업 피해가 증가함에 따라서 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 자동으로 적조 이미지를 인식하여서 유해적조를 판별하는 적조이미지 검색에 대한 국내의 연구는 미흡한 실정에 있다. 특히 전 세계적으로 200여종의 적조 생물은 각기 다른 크기와 모양을 가지고 있기 때문에 이미지 인식을 위한 기준 특징을 추출하기 어렵다. 이 때문에 기존이 연구들은 몇 종류의 적조 생물만을 이미지 인식에 이용하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결 할 수 있도록 NMF(non-negative matrix factorization, 비음수 행렬분해)와 이미지의 회전각 보정을 이용한 새로운 적조 이미지 인식 향상방법을 제안한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2002

The effects of Coehlodinium polykrikoides on the gill of red sea bream, Pagrus major, were examined to clarify the ichthyotoxic mechanisms of this plankton species. The gill of fish exposed to dense blooms over 3,000 cells/mL for 24 h showed severe epithelial separation: a severe edema was found in the secondary lamellar epithelium and interlamellar regions of primary filament. In addition, lipid peroxidation of gill tissue in Coehlodinium-exposed fish was about 2.5 times higher than that of control. The composition of glycoproteins in the gill mucus of Coehlodinium-exposed fish was also changed. These results suggest that the loss of structural integrity of cell membranes in fish gill may be deeply involved in fish death by C. polykrikoides.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2016

Real-time PCR을 적조출현주의보 발령에 활용하였다. Cochlodinium polykrikoides 적조예보를 위해 $10cells\;mL^{-1}$ 이상에서 적조출현주의보를 발령하였는데 현미경 검경은 저밀도에서 정확도가 낮기 때문에 이를 보완하기 위해 C. polykrikoides 특이적 real-time PCR을 사용하였다. 6월 말경에 C. polykrikoides이 통영, 남해 해역에 저밀도로 광범위하게 출현하였고 2015년 8월 2일 적조출현주의보를 발령하였다.