• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.51-75
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• 2016

This study focuses on the life experience of married women in their 30s to 40s who have experienced parental divorce. For a comprehensive understanding towards the women, this study takes a life history research approach. The participants of this research are 8 women who have experienced parental divorce and are now married with children. The data were gathered through in-depth interviews and were analyzed through the spiral of analysis, following the process of Wolcott's "description, analysis, and interpretation." The results of this study are as follows. First, participants experienced emotions such as fear, anger, and lack of affection. Second, parenting attitude and parental divorce had negative effects on the participants' formation and development of self concept and in turn, participants experienced anxiety and withdrawal from interpersonal relationships. Some had difficulties in concentrating on their schoolwork, which was caused by psychological effects from their instable home environments and some were negligent at school due to their parents' indifference or as an act of rebellion towards them. Third, although participants displayed interest towards the opposite sex, fear towards the opposite sex or unrealistic expectations led to difficulties in forming relationships. Participants also confessed that although they married so that they could escape their original family and form a new happy one, they experienced a rocky start at the beginning of their marriage. Fourth, parental divorce had a lifelong impact on children. Even after the children became adults, parental divorce affected each key stage of transition in life such as dating, choosing one's spouse, marriage, and child rearing. Fifth, participants displayed a strong attachment to life under the assumption that only they themselves can be depended on. This led to their strong commitments to a successful marriage without the possibility of divorce. In conclusion, parental divorce is not a transitory or incidental event. Rather, it becomes a part of the children's lives with lifelong implications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.29-47
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• 1995

Today, we live in the fastly changing society, rapidly developing scientific civilization and repeatly confusing political culture. Therefore, man persuits the emotional rest in "eros" and sympathizes with eroticism. Such an eroticism represents too much in art and costume all over the world. the purpose of this study is to classify the ex-pressive style of eroticism which is the feature of the costume in the first year of 1990's and to analyze its expression meaning. This study will be a basic data of new design development and help predict the costume in the latter half of the yeat. The method of this study was performed by using the literature related to the eroticism and the study of preceeding researchers. To analyze the costume style the its implied meaning being used to express the eroticism of 1990's, the magazines(Elle, Vogue, WWD, Collections etc) and the literatures related to fashion were used. The styles and meaning of eroticism expressed eroticism by using the minimal design which exposes wholly or partly by using a transparent vinyl and a see-through clothing. The sexy style arose from the expression of social rebellion and the exposure of suppressive sex as a psychological repulsion against the older generation. 2) Deshabille style : This style is the conver-sion to the outer garment of an underwear. The excessive exposure which just concerns the inti-mate parts of the body by using the thin cloth or lace for an underwear. This style can be recognized as the beauty destruction and ugly 3) Glamour style : The style is made up of the high-grade cloth such as silk and velvet and expresses the bodily beauty. This style falls into a rebellious culture and comes from the inten-tional expression to escape the modern life which is straight and hard. 4) metallic style : This style uses variously the new material such as vinyl-coating, enamel and represents the eroticism through the original expressions.pressions.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.76-89
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• 2009

Popular music unites people who have different genders, ages, locals, and values. Through the popular music, youth interchange their emotion and create their fashion. Fashion and music formed the twin pillars on which the first historically significant youth sub-culture was built. Glam rock and Punk rock which won popularity in the 1970s influenced the fashion of the times. The purpose of this study is to compare Glam and Punk make-up which appeared as a symbol of the rebel against an older generation. The methodology utilized in this study was the analysis of materials from the survey through the literature, internet sites, and visual references. The results of this study are as follows: In face make-up, Glam used a white base to appear cosmic; on the other hand, Punk used a white base to appear pale and horrid. In eye make-up, Glam used black, pink, and blue eye shadow, and accented the eye by using black eye lines. Punk used black eye shadow, and drew black circles or squares around eyes. In lip make-up, Glam used pink, purple, red, and black lip color and silver and pink lip gloss to glitter. Punk used red and black lip color to appear horrid. In body make-up, Glam used glitter powder to appear with a bright skin. Punk drew tattoos and horror patterns in their body. The common themes of Glam and Punk make-up were rebellion, androgyny, and the beauty of ugliness as well as a self-created persona.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.580-599
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• 2013

After the unification of Three Kingdoms, Silla Dynasty had been on the prosperity with continuous population growth during approximately 120 years. However, Unified Silla Dynasty experienced 11 times of famine and bad year by frequent droughts during 50 years since the late 8th century, and these caused to political, economic and social changes. It is evident that Silla Dynasty slowly declined by the droughts and famines, although ancient records described as still on glory days. Since then, national power of Unified Silla Dynasty was abruptly weakened by migration of residents, and 9 times of rebellion or revolt occurred during 50 years in the late 9th century. As a result, political and social agitations reached the maximum. These led to the collapse of the Unified Silla Dynasty, and King Gyeongsoon handed over the dynasty to King Wanggeon, a founder of Goryeo Dynasty. These resulted from the 500-year-cycle droughts and human activities that seriously devastated the vegetations by using trees as an energy source for hundreds of thousands people during several centuries. The devastation of vegetation destroyed farm lands and led to large changes in river and groundwater systems, and eventually, increased damages by droughts.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.35
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• pp.135-159
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• 2009

Since the military servants' rebellion, the society of the Goryeo(高麗) dynasty had been getting into crisis worse and worse until late in it. Late in the 14th century, the society was constantly meeting tension and chaos including decline of the Yuan(元) dynasty, sudden rise of the Ming(明) dynasty and etc. This study is aimed to investigate the idea of justice and theory of governing advocated by Yaeun Jeon Nok Saeng, who lived in such tensed and chaotic era. Under the circumstance that threatened the national power of the Goryeo dynasty in the era where the Yuan dynasty changed to Ming dynasty, his idea of justice was expressed as "Theory for Friendship with Ming and Against Yuan", which was proposed in the aspect of considering the safety and maintenance of the nation and getting back the original national power of a country Goryeo. He thought that you should not make your people bothered by or troubled in their works but you should make them concentrate on their jobs for living to govern them eased. He emphasized that you should focus on stability of people's welfare in gentle ways not bothering your people even a little bit because he thought that the situation of that era looked like a thread bobbin so that it could get naturally and easily twisted if you went in hurry.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.27
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• pp.31-57
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• 2012

The 19th century could not relatively receive attention from local researchers because it was treated as the past cut off from the present as the formative period of modern states of Latin America. According to the characteristics of area studies which focus on changes of politics and society, studies on past affairs could not have been the main focus of attention. But as new liberalism has appeared in Latin America, is throwing the spotlight on liberalism. In addition, the studies on the 19th century have been activated and gradually expanded. And interpretation about the 19th century's history has been variously arranged. Especially, discussion on liberalism and conservatism was established as the key words which can understand and reconsider Latin America in the 19th century. Colombian liberalism which could not overcome heritage of the colonial period in the 19th century and did appear advocating reformation was another form of authoritarianism. Reformation promoted by liberalism was utilized to keep privilege of the ruling class, not to remove the social and economic structure derived from the colonial period. New reformist forces which advocated mercantilism after the middle of the 19th century but they were formed based on the existing system. Colombian Liberal Party was developed as "Another name of conservatization" by reflecting understanding of the conservatives. Colombian liberalists preferred federalism to cut off from repressive characteristics of Spanish colonial rule and secure autonomy of local control through reformation based on economic understanding. Therefore, discussion on the form of government which focused on federalism and centralism acted as the causes of conflict between Colombian liberalism and conservatism. Based on this point, this study tries to analyze liberalism reforms which is the main issue in the Colombian history in the 19th century and consider history of Colombian political conflicts focusing on federalism. The origin of Violencia which is the political violence and Colombian history in the 19th century which has been a series of rebellion can be considered through this procedure.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.33
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• pp.241-262
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• 2013

Nietzsche in the early 20th century, many Western thought came to China pushed the time, who want to reform the Chinese young intellectuals was a great welcome. Around 5.4 times writers representing China Journalism Guo Mo ruo Mao Dun and social needs of the times according to the spirit, according to their ideology, no tubes and four optional understand Nietzsche. Was acceptable, in the process, Nietzsche was transformed hem into various forms. In this paper, two Guo Mo ruo Mao Dun accept Nietzsche as Nietzsche socreated their own awards and also looked at these similarities and difference. Nietzsche Guo Mo ruo the remnants of the old feudal ideas and traditions were to break down and accept only select perspective. Nietzsche's self-discovery and individual liberty, and against the reality and accept the terms of loan 5.4 seconds, an ideal Nietzsche award was created. However Guo Mo ruo particular aspect of the acceptance of Nietzsche, whereas Nietzsche regarded as an extreme pessimist history, and his extreme caution and idealistic form of individualism was often criticized. Mao Dun the core ideas of Nietzsche 'Superman' and 'will power' noted. 5.4 All time view of life, a new morality must re-evaluate the need for a practical, based on the old tradition of Nietzsche completely against the spirit of rebellion was to have especially appreciated. But this was different Mao Dun Nietzsche and moral beliefs. What is the old morality Nietzsche corrupt, bourgeois morality and ethics, and was negative for democracy and freedom, Mao Dun dark realities facing the old Chinese feudal and traditional idea ofrevolution as a democrat were negative for. Guo Mo ruo Mao Dun optional for Nietzsche's acceptance was 5.4 times that contemporary needs can be met.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-103
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the function of suicidal images in the history of art including literature. Death has been romanticized or repoliticized into an existential act of defiance and rebellion in literary works, so questions remain about the correlation between literary suicide and the essence of suicide. Although Jacques Ranciere insists that the order of art contrasts with the order of common people whose acts and gestures can express either their specific purposes nor the rationalities of their frustration, literary suicide reflects the outside life of readers. In fact, images of suicide produces the order of things about the real world. William Shakespeare's Hamlet handled two oppositional self-murder significantly. As Ron M. Brown pointed out, Hamlet, by choosing confrontation, seeks out an end which is voluntary, thus he avoids self-destruction and feels triumph of heroic fashion. Ophelia's self-chosen death stems from loss, frailty and the disintegration of reason, which demeans the act and diminishes her from the tragic to the pathetic(16). In the $19^{th}$ century, the resurrection of Ophelia acted as the context for later periods where life itself is fictionalized from the differing periods of network of signifier and texts. Finally, in Ophelia's case, fiction became life(Brown 285). Her suicidal image was fixed in the Victorian Culture whose visual discourse was strikingly similar to that of the men. Likewise, the ambiguities of the suicide became intertwined with the social, cultural issues of a certain period, and the paradigm of suicide was conformed to the changing needs of successive generations. However, if literary art understands that a European culture grappled with the almost impossible task and coming to terms with this strangest and most persistent of phenomena, it will be able to focus on of the multi-layered suicide by recognizing the inherent instability of the verbal sign which cannot reveal the design and grammar of truth.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.114-130
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analysis BTS's image based on Peirce's semiotics. Methodologies of this study are literature study to analyze the structure of idol image based on Peirce's theory of signs, case study and FGI analyzing the semiotic characteristics of BTS images. The research results of analyzing the semiotic features of BTS images by period of the BTS album are as follows. First, in the early days of their debut, they emphasized the image of hip-hop and expressed their will to resist and rebel against the older generation with a challenging and strong image. Second, during the 'The most beautiful day of life' period, image of wandering, rebellion, growth, and youth of teenagers was expressed. Third, in the 'Love Yourself' period, BTS showed various image changes between natural and pure image to splendid image by expressing the process of finding confidence during chaotic moment of growing. Fourth, during the 'Map of the Soul' period, the exploration and reflection on themselves were expressed in an outwardly splendid and bright manner, while at the same time expressing the inner darkness in a contrasting manner. Fifth, in the 'pandemic period', they expressed hopeful energy and willness with the image of mature and attractive man and bright and casual image. Their growth and change have been directly linked to the change of their image, and their image showed a successful signification with complementary combination of icons, indexes, and symbols.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

King of Jujeong(周定王) named Jusuk(朱橚) was thought to be an exemplary character as a scholar and a politician, who was not an Oriental medical doctor but a compiler publishing a set of three medical books and a set of volumes on famine relief to save people in the areas of natural disasters or spring poverty. He was born on July 1, 1361 as the fifth son of Juwonjang(朱元璋), the first Emperor (1368-1398) of the Myeong-dynasty (1368-1644) of China. It was not clearly known about his mother other than assuming, but hard to ascertain, that she was from Goryeo, the ancient country in the Korean Peninsula, and became a loyal concubine of Juwonjang(朱元璋). He was the brother of Yeongrakje(永樂帝), the third Emperor(1402-1424) of the Myeong-dynasty. As a focal figure in the political forces at that time in the Myeong-dynasty, he had a life full of vicissitudes such as being removed from office, being exiled to a remote place, being scattered far and wide between family members, being implicated in the rebellion and so on. It seemed that he brushed up on his study, taking a class on an emir until the year of 1380 at the age of twenty. And he published "Bosaeng-yeorok(保生餘錄)" and "Bojebang(普濟方)" for eight years from 1381 to 1389 (at age 21-29), "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1391 (at 31), and "Guhwangboncho(救荒本草)" in 1406 (at 46), republishing "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1415 (at 65). Endowed with a brilliant talent from early days, Yeong-rakje(永樂帝) wrote the poem(the poem paying a high tribute to a King) well and composed one hundred pieces of poetry on the story of the Won Dynasty (1271-1368) of China. He leaded a quiet life in his later years and died a natural death at Gaebong(開封, a city in China) at 65 in 1425. He had 15 sons including king of Juheon(朱憲王) Yudon(有敦) and 11 daughters. His books contributed absolutely to the growth of Oriental medical field, and also to the increase in population, having influence on bringing about compilation of the books on Oriental medicine and famine relief of the Joseon Dynasty (the old Korean kingdom from AD 1392 to 1910).