• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.271-321
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• 2002

Every year, many million of business transactions take place. Ocassionally, disagreements develop over these business transactions. Many of these disputes are resolved by mediation, arbitration and out-of-court settlement options. The American Arbitration Association(AAA) helps resolve a wide range of disputes through mediation, arbitration, elections and other out-of-court settlement procedures. The AAA offers a broad range of dispute resolution services to business executives, attorneys, individuals, trade associations, unions, management, consumers, families, communities, and all level of governments. The 198,491 cases composed of the 194,303 arbitration cases and the 4,188 mediation cases, were filed with the AAA in 2000. These case filings represent a full range of matters, including commercial finance, construction, labor and employment, environmental, health care, insurance, real state, securities, and technology disputes. The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (KCAB) does more than render arbitration services. It helps facilitate settlements and guarantee implementation thereof between trading partners at home and abroad involving disputes related to such areas as the sale of commodities, construction, joint venture agreements, technical assistance, agency agreements, and maritime transport. The 643 cases composed of the the 197 arbitration cases and the 446 mediation cases, were filed with the KCAB in 2001. There are some differences between the AAA and the KCAB regarding the number and the area of mediation and arbitration case filings, the breath of service offerings, the scope of alternative dispute resolution, and the education and training. In order to apply to the proceedings of the commercial mediation and arbitration, the AAA has the Commercial Mediation Rules, the Commercial Arbitration Rules, the Expedited Procedures, the Optional Procedures for Large, Complex Commerical Dispute, and the Optional Rules for Emergency Measures of Protection as amended and effective on September 1, 2000. In order to apply to the proceedings of commercial arbitration, the KCAB has the Arbitration Rules as amended by the Supreme Court on April 27, 2000, which have been changed to incorporate the revisions of the Arbitration Act that went into effect on December 31, 1999. There are some differences between the AAA's commercial Arbitration Rules and the KCAB's Arbitration Rules regarding the clauses of jurisdiction and administrative conference, number of arbitrators, communication with arbitrator, vacancies, preliminary hearing, exchange of information, oaths, evidence by affidavit and posthearing filing of documents or others, interim measures, serving of notice, form of award, scope of award, delivery of award to parties, modification of award, release of liability, administrative fees, neutral arbitrator's compensation, and expedited procedures. In conclusion, for the vitalization of KCAB and its ADR system, the following measures should be taken : the effective case management, the development of on0-line ADR, the establishment of ADR system of electronic commerce disputes, and the variety of dispute resolution rules in each expert field.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.15
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

As the technology realizing digital multimedia has been developing remarkably based on Internet environment, today we can gain various information we need quickly and easily without regard to time or place by using world wide web. The recent spread of digital animation as a way of communication on Internet has been forming a new communication paradigm according to the development of age. Besides, digital animations embodied on web are a kind of communication medium which is expressed through interactions using different digital multimedia tools and put the concepts of time and space together. This is a form which can cope with various forms of information, and it occupies a high rate on web and is used often. Web animations offer various forms of communication, such as interface structure design for information transfer, characters, typography, and other graphic elements, which make users feel maximized real dynamics. This paper analyzes and evaluates the categories according to the characteristics, information and usage types of digital animations used on web, examines more efficient communication expressions based on them, and pays attention to the Internet environment that will develop and change in the future. With regard to it, this research aims at suggesting a useful theory so that diverse digital animations on web based on Internet environment would develop into a new communication paradigm responding to the change of time.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

Recent wireless communication technologies are envisioned as an innovative alternative to solve transportation problems. On ad hoc networks, as a wireless communication technology, nodes can communicate data without any infrastructure. In particular, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), a specific ad hoc network applied to vehicles, enable vehicles equipped with a communication device to form decentralized traffic information systems in which vehicles share traffic information they experienced. This study investigated traffic information dissemination in a VANET-based traffic information system. For this study, an integrated transportation and communications simulation framework was developed, and experiments were conducted with real highway networks and traffic demands. The results showed that it took 3 minutes in the low traffic density situations (10 vehicle/lane.km) and 43 seconds in the high traffic density condition (40 vehicle/lane.km) to deliver traffic information of 5km away with 10% market penetration rate. In uncongested traffic conditions, information seems to be disseminated via equipped vehicles in the opposite direction. In congested traffic conditions, the sufficient availability of equipped vehicles traveling in the same direction reduces the chance to use vehicles in the opposing direction even though it is still possible.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.120-131
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• 2009

This study measured the centripetal force and effective scope of the population spread from urban center and subcenters in order to diagnose the urban spatial structure of the formation of a multicentric city structure in Busan. The study analyzed the variability of the determination coefficient value (R square) with a negative exponential function derived from the population density model by extending the circular region into 5-km units. The aim of this study was to measure changes in the effective scope of the population centripetal force of the urban center and subcenter in 5-year intervals from 1995 to 2005 using census data. The explanatory adequacy of the population density function was examined with the bias of the function to calculate the distance error between the real location of the urban center and the optimal location, according to the population density function. To summarize the results, the value for the area of Jungangdong showed a continuous reduction, whereas Seomyeon (Bujeondong) maintained explanatory adequacy without a large change. As a whole, Busan was in the process of continuous diversification, in spite of its reduced population. Therefore, it appears necessary to strengthen the function of the urban center and subcenter and to supply adequate dwelling zones close to downtown to form a more efficient urban spatial structure. The results of the present study will be utilized as basic data for the formulation of a political approach to the efficient reorganization of spatial structure by correlating concrete spatial information with the population variability of Busan's urban center and subcenter.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

AI technology has developed in the form of decision support technology in law, patent, finance and national defense and is applied to disease diagnosis and legal judgment. To search real-time information with Deep Learning, Big data Analysis and Deep Learning Algorithm are required. In this paper, we try to predict the entrance rate to high-ranking universities using a Deep Learning model, RNN(Recurrent Neural Network). First, we analyzed the current status of private academies in administrative districts and the number of students by age in administrative districts, and established a socially accepted hypothesis that students residing in areas with a high educational fever have a high rate of enrollment in high-ranking universities. This is to verify based on the data analyzed using the predicted hypothesis and the government's public data. The predictive model uses data from 2015 to 2017 to learn to predict the top enrollment rate, and the trained model predicts the top enrollment rate in 2018. A prediction experiment was performed using RNN, a Deep Learning model, for the high-ranking enrollment rate in the special education zone. In this paper, we define the correlation between the high-ranking enrollment rate by analyzing the household income and the participation rate of private education about the current status of private institutes in regions with high education fever and the effect on the number of students by age.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.253-275
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• 2006

Ever since the open and reform policy in 1987, China has adopted the socialistic market economy system and has been moving forward in economic reform. This gradually expanded their market economy. The open and reform policy achieved the highest average annual GDP growth rate of 9% and helped the country maintain high growth. China's economic growth in recent years has a lot to do with the international trading and direct investment by foreign corporations. China's entry into the WTO dramatically increased their amount of capital and investments due to their aggressive investments with foreign corporations. It is quite amazing that investments in China has been constantly increasing while the direct investments worldwide is decreasing. Moreover, increase in such investments is contributing to China's job creation, as well as, the expansion of international trading. When international economic exchange started between Japan and China in the 1970s, it was in the form of aid for developing countries, hence the collection of the investment was out of the question. It was in the 1990s that Japan started the full-scale investments with China and it was mostly centered in transfer of the production base. Japanese corporations aim was to mass produce goods less expensively using abundant and cheap labor and to sell them to Japan and other countries. The amount of Japan's exports and imports compared with China is increasing every year but the trade deficit has gone into the red. The dollar amount has been decreased from $ 27 billion in 2001 to $ 18 billion in 2003. The problems and damages in the system of justice and administrative confrontation that Japanese corporations are facing are continuously at a stand-still even after China's entry into the WTO. It has been 20 years since Japan's advance in China and during that period, the Japanese corporations brought many changes ranging from exports/imports to direct investment. Although Japan's new corporations tend to be located in the mid-western part of China, rather than the coastal areas, the region itself is not the cause for the confrontation. The problem stems from the Japanese treating the Chinese as if they were Japanese because they look similar due to their Asian ancestry. In reality the Chinese have completely different ways of doing business. Here we will take a look at the international trading and direct investment of Japanese corporations in China and study the conflicts that occurred in business transactions with China through real examples.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1063-1076
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• 2017

To improve the productivity of the earthwork, a fleet management system for construction equipment was suggested in previous studies. But there were some gaps between theory and practice. To overcome this problem, some opinions are gathered form experts and field engineers and four improvements have been proposed and reflected in the system. First, the previous system consists of one hardware module, so it is hard to install it at a control office and construction equipment at the same time. The server module for the office and the mobile module for construction equipment are separately developed. Second, the transportation algorithm that is used in the previous system can generate shortest paths for the earthwork distribution, but embankment areas are not gathered. This situation leads to a decrease in compaction productivity. A modified algorithm for earthwork distribution is suggested. Third, the automated coordinate transformation is performed to show the position of construction equipment on the 3D terrain in real-time. Fourth, construction equipment groups should be formed in the initial stage of earthwork and the number of equipment of each groups should be changed by operation status and site environment. But this functions did not work properly in the previous system. This problem is corrected in the proposed system. The improvements can make the proposed system much more realistic one and can leads to an increase in the productivity of earthwork operations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.407-412
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• 2017

In the film Inception, we can see that the human dream world is depicted using Freud's psychoanalytical subconscious theory. Through the expression of the subconscious, And the ability to think and think deeply of human nature, such as presenting a new perspective to insight and expression. Based on Freud 's subconscious theory, this paper explores the expression of the dream world and the subconscious in the film and examines the meaning expression of the film through it. The main character is well described as living a chaotic life in obsession with obsessions and obsessions due to his subconscious uncontrollable through his dreams and dreams of being satisfied by the way the oppressed thoughts and desires are disguised I feel that I feel my foolishness and mood as a masturbation by dreaming and dreaming to turn back the moments of regret. In addition, conflicts and confrontations between consciousness and subconscious are expressed well in the form of confusion in reality and dreams. This application and application of humanities studies is a good example of the production of in-depth popular arts content, as we can see that it can add to the weight of depth setting, plot development, and above all creative time and space creation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2017

Most crop damages have been occurred by vermin(e.g., wild birds and herbivores) during the period between seeding and the cotyledon level. In this study, to minimize the damage by vermin and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, immediately vinyl mulching after seeding was devised. Vinyl mulching has been generally covered with black color vinyl, that crop seeding locations cannot be detected by visible light range. Before punching vinyl, non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. For this study, the spline method was relatively faster than the other polynomial interpolation methods, because it has a lower maximum order of formulation when using a system such as the tridiagonal linear equation system which provided the capability of real-time processing. The temperature distribution corresponding to the distance between the crops was 10 cm, and the more clearly the leaf pattern of the crop was visually confirmed. The frequency difference was decreased, as the number of overlapped pixels was increased. Also the wave pattern of points where the crops were recognized were reduced.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.83-91
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• 2019

Purpose - Media is a significant distributional channel in sport. In terms of determining the influencer in building sport media contents, recent sport media studies have employed agenda-setting theory, assuming media itself as the agenda provider. In a real-world situation, however, sports stars have been deemed key factor determining distribution contents in sport. The starting point of this study is the "tacit premise" of agenda-setting theory. Given the agenda-setting theory, the current study attempted to explore the function of sport stars as an agenda provider, which is a key determinant of sport distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - This study has reviewed articles of Yuna Kim, Sang-hwa Lee, and Hyun-jin Ryu from daily newspapers including as dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo (2013 to 2017). The study collected data, portable document format (PDF), from the online archive of dong-a ilbo and joongang ilbo. We coded the length of the article, the frequency, the size of the picture, and the structural form of the article. Inter-coder reliability was compared with data previously investigated by the researcher. Inter-coder reliabilities for study 1 and 2 was .89 and .85. To examine hypotheses, descriptive analysis, correlations, and cross-tap analysis were performed. Results - The results partially supported the hypotheses proposing the significant role of sports stars as the agenda setters in distributing sport media contents. In specific, the study found that the number of articles about sports stars prevailed the number of articles about regular athletes. Besides, studies found that the use of photos was more frequent in articles of sports starts than that of regular athletes. In sports newspaper articles, featured story articles were used more than straight-articles for news relating to sports stars. Also, sports newspaper of sports stars contained more information associated within an event rather than outside of an event. Conclusions - In sports journalism, this study challenges the current theory that the media affects the composition and the content of sports coverages. As the principle of the agenda-setting of sports media, the influence of sports stars must be continuously studied along with a follow-up study.