• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 2002

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-rheumatoidal arthritis effect of the R. verniciflua heartwood extract, its EtOAc fraction, and its primary flavonoids, sulfuretin and fustin. All test samples showed variably significant inhibitory effects on hind paw edema and trypsin inhibitor activity induced by Freund's complete adjuvant reagent (FCA reagent), and on vascular permeability caused by acetic acid. Treatment with 10 mg/kg (i.p.) sulfuretin for seven days inhibited edema formation by 54.2$\pm$3.0%. Test samples, especially sulfuretin, shifted the values of biochemical parameters such as serum-cholesterol, serum-triglyceride and serum-total protein toward the normal and restored the numbers of leucocytes and platelets. These results suggest that the heartwood of R. verniciflua reduces immunological injuries caused by FCA reagent provides evidence that suluretin is an active anti-rheumatoid arthritis agent.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1995

Acetolactate synthase purified from Serratia marcescens ATCC 25419 was rapidly inactivated by the thiol specific reagent p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), the tryptophan specific reagent N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and the arginine modifying reagent phenylglyoxal (PGO). Inactivation by PCMB was prevented by both ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate and pyruvate, and the second order rate constant for the inactivation was $2480\;M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$. The reaction order with respect to PCMB was 0.94. The inactivation of the enzyme by NBS was also substantially reduced by both ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate and pyruvate. The second order rate constant for inactivation by NBS was $15,000\;M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, and the reaction order was 2.0. On the other hand, inactivation by PGO was partially prevented by ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate, but not by pyruvate. The second order rate constant for the inactivation was $1480\;M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ and the order of reaction with respect to PGO was 0.75. These results suggest that essential cysteine, tryptophan and arginine are located at or near the substrate binding site.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

This study has been carried out to investigate general pharmacological action of bamboo salt (jukyom) in terms of effects on central nervous system and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. After bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl were orally administered into male ICR mice with dose of 2.0 g/kg, general behavioural syndromes such as body weight and locomotor activity, spontaneous motor activity, pento-barbital-induced sleeping time, muscle incoordination, electroshock-induced convulsion, body temperature and writhing response caused by 0.6% acetic acid solution were observed. Bamboo salt had no influences in these indices for examinition of effect on central nervous system. Additionally, conscious male Sprague Dawley rats fastened overnight won ere treated with bamboo salt, crude salt or reagent-grade NaCl (2.0 g/kg, p.o.) to examine the effect of these salts cardiovascular system. Systolic, median and diastolic food pressure and heart rate were dertemined using tail cuff indirect method. Treatment with Hydralazine (50 mg/kg, p.o) as a positive control produced the decreases in systolic, median and diastolic blood treasure and an increase in heart rate. whereas no changes were observed in bamboo salt, crude salt and reagent-grade NaCl treated groups. These results strongly suggest that bamboo salt may have no effects on general pharmacology of central nervous systems and cardio-vascular systems.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.115-115
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• 1995

Reuse of industrial effluents through the cooling systems in a petrochemical complex was described. The partial oxidation of the effluents from the biological treatment plant was examined, using Fenton''s reagent as a pretreatment step prior to a next treatment of the effluents. Next tertiary treatment using fixed-film reactor resulted in marked reductions in COD and suspended solids. The continuous fixed-film process with Fenton oxidation pretreatment showed a 23% increase in the COD removal efficiency when compared to that without pretreatment of Fenton oxidation under the volumetric organic loading rate of 0.1 kg COD/m3/day. The Fenton oxidation treatment seemed to be a possible method for tertiary biological treatment to reduce the residual toxicity with the enhanced biodegradation of the effluents.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.501-508
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• 1995

Reuse of industrial effluents through the cooling systems in a petrochemical complex was described. The partial oxidation of the effluents from the biological treatment plant was examined, using Fenton's reagent as a pretreatment step prior to a next treatment of the effluents. Next tertiary treatment using fixed-film reactor resulted in marked reductions in COD and suspended solids. The continuous fixed-film process with Fenton oxidation pretreatment showed a 23% increase in the COD removal efficiency when compared to that without pretreatment of Fenton oxidation under the volumetric organic loading rate of 0.1 kg COD/m3/day. The Fenton oxidation treatment seemed to be a possible method for tertiary biological treatment to reduce the residual toxicity with the enhanced biodegradation of the effluents.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2003

Zirconium nitride powders were synthesized at a relatively lower temperature using methane as a reducing agent in the nitridation of zircoia. $ZrO_2$ powder was prepared by a sol-gel technique. The resulting sol-gel was centrifuged, and the gel was washed with deionized water. Anhydrous ammonia was used as the nitrogen source and methane was used as the reducing agent. Conversion diagrams show the equilibrium solid phase as a function of reagent concentrations for a specific temperature and gas pressure for the reagent system $NH_3-ZrO_2-CH_4$. The reagent concentration ranges within which pure ZrN is formed increase with increasing reaction temperature. Low pressure with an excess of hydrogen decreases the reaction temperature at which pure ZrN is formed. Low pressure together with the introduction of excess hydrogen into the reaction system increases Zr and N conversion efficiency and retards C deposition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 1969

An attempt has been made to investigate the possible occurrence of aflatoxins, a group of micotoxin which are toxic metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus, and aflatoxin like substances in fungal fermented soybean products such as meju and soybean paste. Chloroform extracts from 15 samples which has been defated with petroleum ether are subjected to separations with thin-layer chromatography on silica gel washed with methanol prior to film coating, improves the chromatographic separation and ultraviolet absorption spectral identification. In addition to fluorescencing spot having an Rf value which is same as aflatoxin $B_1$, many of the fluorescencing spots have been occurred in every sample examined. Each fluorescencing spot is scratched and the ethanol extracts are subjected to further separation with thin-layer chromatography. Each fluorescence substance is eluted with ultra violet transparent absolute ethanol and the ultraviolet absorption spectra are checked. None of the absorption curve of eluates shsow accordance with the curve of aflatoxin. 2, 4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine reagent, Tollen's reagent and ninhydrin reagent are applied on the chromatogram- The data show that aflatoxin is not present in any of the fungal preparations examined.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.24-33
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• 2001

For making a high degree of efficiency, this study attempts to gather each arisen-sludge from experiments and examine into its characteristics, in order to compare the biological reason of removing phosphorus with sintered body using calcite and the artificial reason of removing with a chemical reagent. First, it can be seen that sludge, which is identified CaCO$_3$, of 0.1∼0.2$\mu$m is regularly formed when using sintered body, calcite. And it is one of the results of the chemical methods in order to remove phosphorus that can be seen that sludges of 100∼50 $\mu$m are formed and that the forms of Ca$_2$P$_2$O$\_$7/, Ca$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$$.$nH$_2$O, $\beta$-Ca$_2$P$_2$O$\_$7/ are shown when using a reagent, CaO dissolved water. The other of the results of the chemical methods can be seen that a lumpof sludge is formed when using wastewater and a reagent Ca$^2$$\^$+/ are used, and that the lump consists of Ca$_3$(PO$_4$)$_2$$.$nH$_2$O와 Ca$_2$H$_2$P$_4$O$\_$14/.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.890-895
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• 1997

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess lithium tripiperidinoaluminum hydride (LTPDA), an alicyclic aminoaluminum hydride, with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under the standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, 25°) were examined in order to define the reducing characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing ability of LTPDA was also compared with those of the parent lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) and lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride (LTDEA), a representative aliphatic aminoaluminum hydride. In general, the reactivity of LTPDA toward organic functionalities is weaker than LTDEA and much weaker than LAH. LTPDA shows a unique reducing characteristics. Thus, benzyl alcohol, phenol and thiols evolve a quantitative amount of hydrogen rapidly. The rate of hydrogen evolution of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols is distinctive. LTPDA reduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid chlorides and epoxides readily to the corresponding alcohols. Quinones, such as p-benzoquinone and anthraquinone, are reduced to the corresponding diols without hydrogen evolution. Tertiary amides and nitriles are also reduced readily to the corresponding amines. The reagent reduces nitro compounds and azobenzene to the amine stages. Disulfides are reduced to thiols, and sulfoxides and sulfones are converted to sulfides. Additionally, the reagent appears to be a good partial reducing agent to convert primary carboxamides into the corresponding aldehydes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.166-171
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• 2009

Powder method is simple and very effective method for developing latent finger and palm print in crime scene. This technique has been actively studied to enhance effectiveness. In general, the evaluation for developing powder is mainly performed by the subjective opinion of researcher from comparison of the results obtained with existing and new one to develope finger and palm deposition. The purpose of this work is to present objective method of powder-treated latent fingerprint for evaluating method by developing efficiency. We indicated three evaluating methods of objective developing efficiency, which are measuring the number of minutiae in same sections on print, scattering level of developing reagent and contrast between developing reagent and background materials.