• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1998

This study was conducted to find out the recovery rate of oocyte according to the different size of follicles from porcine ovaries, and the effect of in vitro maturation of porcine immature oocyte at the different transportation temperature of ovaries from slaughter house. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The number of follicles per ovary was 22.5. The number of A-and B-typed oocytes(type A: cumulus-enclosed oocyte, type-B : corona-enclosed oocyte) per ovary was 2.4. The proportion of A-and B-typed oocytes was 29.6% of the total recovery oocytes. 2. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at 5$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the germinal vesicle breakdown(GVBD) rates of porcine oocytes were 32.5, 28.2, 22.6 and 25.9% respectively. There were no significant differences between all the culture time for GVBD. Especially, most of oocytes were observed to arrest the development beyond germinal vesicle(GV) stage. 3. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at $25^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the GVBD rates were 81.0, 90.0, 91.7 and 92.9%, and the maturation (Met-II) rates were 51.2, 78.8, 76.2 and 78.6%, respectively. 4. When the immature oocytes were cultured for 36, 40, 44 and 48 h at 38$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary, the GVBD rates were 93.9, 96.5, 96.5 and 95.3%, and the maturation rates were 62.2, 88.4, 84.7 and 86.0%, respectively. 5. The above results showed that the maturation rates of immature oocytes between $25^{\circ}C$ and 38$^{\circ}C$ transportation temperature of ovary did not differ significantly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4874-4880
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of cultural facilities and city parts on the regional suicide rates in Korea. Data of theaters, exhibition facilities, libraries and city parts was collected in 143 local areas governments. The number of theaters and the size of city parts had a significant effect on decreasing the regional suicide rates in the areas, and the number of exhibition facilities had partial impacts. This result suggests that the dynamic components of a culture and arts environments may work more effectively to relieve depression and stress and decrease the suicide rates. This study suggests that the cultural welfare environments can be found to solve the problem of the high suicide rates in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 1989

These experiments were carried out to investigate fertilizable and developmental ability after zona drilling the unfertilized eggs and the eggs not fertilized by the 1st insemination. The results of in vitro fertilization of the mouse eggs treated by using micromanipulation and acid tyrode's solution with capacitated epididymal spermatozoa were as follows. In the case of ovulated unfertilized eggs, according to sperm count(106, 105, 104 and 103/ml) the rates of in vitro fertlilization treated by zona drilling were 86.0%, 82.0%, 70.0% and 54.0%, respectively, and those of control were 58.0%, 52.0%, 12.0% and 8.0%, respectively. The rates of in vitro fertilization of zona drilled eggs were significantly high compared with those of control, and there were no significant difference between two groups. According to the sperm count the zona drilled eggs developed to the blastocysts were 51.4%, 40.5%, 23.3% and 17.4% and those of control were 35.7%, 26.3%, 0% and 0%, respectively. Also, in the eggs not fertilized by 1st insemination, the fertilization rates of oocytes reinseminated after zona drilling was significantly higher(83.5%) than that of control(34.7%), and the rates of polyspermy were similar. The rates of development to the blastocysts was 18.6% in the zona drilling treated eggs, and that of control was 27.3%, there was no significant difference between two groups. These results indicated that oocytes not fertilized by 1st insemination as well as ovulated unfertilized eggs could be fertilized, improve fertilizing rates by zona drilling treatment, and development potential were normal.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.322-328
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• 2015

Three feeding trials were conducted to investigate the optimal feeding rates of subadult Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli at low, optimal and high water temperatures. In Exp-I, triplicate groups of fish (248 g) were fed a commercial diet (CD) with five different feeding rates of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8% body weight per day for 10 weeks at the low temperature ($11.6-15.2^{\circ}C$). In Exp-II, fish (129 g) were fed the same CD with five different feeding rates of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0% body weight per day for 10 weeks at the optimal temperature ($16.0-18.8^{\circ}C$). In Exp-III, fish (85.7 g) were fed the same CD with five different feeding rates of 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0% body weight per day for 12 weeks at the high temperature ($21.0-28.5^{\circ}C$). The optimal feeding rates in the low, optimal, and high water temperatures were estimated to be 0.56%, 0.93% and 1.17% body weight per day, respectively, for subadult Korean rockfish.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.494-503
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• 2016

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of two-implant splinting (2-IS) and single-implant restoration (1-IR) in the first and second molar regions over a mean functional loading period (FLP) of 40 months, and to propose the appropriate clinical considerations for the splinting technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The following clinical factors were examined in the 1-IR and 2-IS groups based on the total hospital records of the patients: sex, mean age, implant location, FLP, bone grafting, clinical crown-implant ratio, crown height space, and horizontal distance. The mechanical complications [i.e., screw loosening (SL), screw fracture, crown fracture, and repeated SL] and biological complications [i.e., peri-implant mucositis (PM) and peri-implantitis (PI)] were also evaluated for each patient. In analysis of two groups, the chi-square test and Student's t-test were used to identify the relationship between clinical factors and complication rates. The optimal cutoff value for the FLP based on complications was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics analysis. RESULTS. In total, 234 patients with 408 implants that had been placed during 2005 - 2014 were investigated. The incident rates of SL (P<.001), PM (P=.002), and PI (P=.046) differed significantly between the 1-IR and 2-IS groups. The FLP was the only meaningful clinical factor for mechanical and biological complication rates in 2-IS. CONCLUSION. The mechanical complication rates were lower for 2-IS than for 1-IR, while the biological complication rates were higher for 2-IS. FLP of 39.80 and 46.57 months were the reference follow-up periods for preventing biological and mechanical complications, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.337-357
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• 2012

This study explores a changing social expenditure structure of welfare states on new social risks, using logistic regression analysis with Panel Corrected Standard Errors Model on panel data of 1997-2007 years from 27 OECD nations. The result of this study presents that social expenditure structures have been adjusted with new social risk structure due to trade openness, female employment rates, and child population rates. Greater trade openness, higher women's employment rates, and lower child population rates are, more social investment expenditures are than income security expenditures. Rates of employment in service industries and elderly population rates are not statistically significant on the change of social expenditure structure. This result does not imply a complete switch from demand-based to supply-based social policy, but somewhat reflects transitions of a social welfare system for changing economic and social environments in order to sustain welfare state economically.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-42
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• 1983

The purposes of this paper is to introduce a technique for construction of nuptiality tables using proportion single of synthetic cohorts between times at two consecutive censuses, and to observe patterns of change in marriage habit of Korean through the nuptiality tables for single population from 1925 to 1980. In this paper abridged gross and net nuptiality tables for single population of Korea have been constructed for the four quinquinial period: 1925-1930, 1955-1960, 1970-1975, and 1975-1980. Significant time trend has been observed in the nuptiality rates among the single population. The major findings observed in each table are as follows; (1)During 1925-1930, the rates are initially small, but increase rapidly until they reach a maximum at ages 25-29 for bachelors and 20-24 for spinsters, following which they are still in high level. (2)During 1955-1960, the age pattern of nuptiality begins to change; for female population, the rates increase rapidly in the same pattern as in l925-l930 untill they reach the highest level at ages 25-29, after which they gradually decline. During the period, however, there were an unprecedented high level of marriage rates for male population at a relatively later ages. (3)During 1970-1975, Korea had experienced a transition in marriage habits; at this times, nuptiality rates for both sexes showed the same pyramid shaped patterns as in western countries as age increases. The mean ages at marriage for both sexes also reached the highest level of 27.5 years for males and 24.1 years for females. (4)During 1975-1980, the age patterns of nuptiality showed almost the same patterns as in 1970-1975. In the later age group, however, age-specific marriage rates for both sexes greatly declined compared to the level of 1970-1975, while the rate in age group of 20-24 for male population greatly increased.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.4209-4217
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• 1976

The purpose of this thesis is to search for the determination method of pumping rates in the existing tube wells for irrigation. Pumping tests were carried out for the twelve test tube wells which were selected in the provinces of Kyounggi, Kangwon, Chungbuk and Chungnam. The depths, static water levels, pumping levels, drawdowns and yields of tube wells were measured in the pumping tests, and a centrifugal pump with 3 inches diameter, a 5 HP motor and a 90$^{\circ}$ V-notch were used in the pumping tests. The average coefficient of transmissibility calculated by Chow's and Jacob's methods is 0.0336 square meter per second, and the average pumping rate calculated by Thiem's, Smreker's, Brinkhaus' and Theis' formulae, is 919 cubic meter per day, Therefore, the ground water storage in the test areas is comparatively abundant. Correlation between pumping rates and depths of tube wells is not in existence. Also, correlation between pumping rates and the thickness of aquifer is not found in this experiment. This shows that the depths of some tube wells are deep and their thicknesses of aquifer are thick, but their ground water storages are poor, and that the depths of some tube wells are shallow and their thicknesses of aquifer are thin, but their ground water storages are abundant. It seems that the test tube wells are influenced by the peculiar characteristics that the ground water in the test areas is free ground water in alluvium layer closely related with surface water. As drawdown increases, pumping rate decreases, and as the coefficient of transmissibility increases, pumping rate also increases. Namely, there are negative correlation between pumping rate and drawdown, and positive correlation between pumping rate and the coefficient of transmissibility. Judging from the results of the pumping tests in these tests areas, the pumping rate calculated by the formula, {{{{ { Q}_{m } =Q { ( { { S}_{ m} } over { TRIANGLE S } )}^{ { 2} over {3 } } }}}} used traditionally, is likely to be higher than real pumping rates. The formula, {{{{ { Q}_{m } =Q { { H}^{ 2} } over { (2H- TRIANGLE S) TRIANGLE S} }}}} derived from Thiem's theory, is looked upon as the reasonable one to detemine pumping rates in the existing tube wells for irrigation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare results of the macroscopic one-layer vasovasostomy with those of microscopic one-layer vasovasostomy and to analyze the change of semen parameters according to the interval of vasal obstruction. Method and Materials: Between March 1987 and December 1997, we performed 121 vasovasostomies using modified one-layer technique with loupe magnification (macroscopic vasovasostomy) or microscope. Among the 68 could be followed post-operatively, 37 patients were treated by macroscopic technique with loupe, and 31 patients by microscopic technique. We compared rates of anatomical patency (sperm count above than $10{\times}10^{6}$/ml) and pregnancy of macroscopic vasovasotomy with those of microscopic vasovasostomy. Patency and pregnancy rates according to vasal obstructive interval were also examined. Results: The patency rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 86.5% and 87.1%, and pregnancy rates of macroscopic and microscopic technique were 64.9% and 67.7%. There was no statistical significance between these two methods (p>0.05). The pregnancy rates and sperm motility were decreased if more than 10 years had elapsed following vasectomy (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found little difference in success rates resulting from macroscopic and microscopic vasovasostomy and the former had the advantage of reduced cost and a lower operator skill level. In post-operative semen analysis, the sperm motility was the most probable factor associated with vasal obstructive interval.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.802-807
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• 2008

A Study on Typical Rates of Water-use for School Facilities has been carried out in this work. Water supply system is given much weight in school facilities. Therefore, it set up a basis efficiency using of water sources to calculate typical rates of water use. The results are summarized as follows; 1) On the whole, typical rates of water-use was founded out 15 L/stu. d in pirmary school, 10 L/stu. d in middle school and 30 L/stu. d in high school smaller than the existing it. It was rate of water-use change as season and Max. Rates of water-use was July. 2) I deem that school hours are 5 hour's in primary school, 7 hour's in middle school and 8 hour's in high school. It the concept of 1 hour that is lesson time 40 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in primary school, lesson time 45 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in middle school and lesson time 50 minutes and resting time 10 minutes in high school. 3) It is desired that we calculate the volume of pump and water tank throughout this concept and the size of water tank should be 1.5 times with taking peak load into consideration by this study on typical rate of water-use. 4) The amount of using water increases in gradually and I consider the life cycle of facilities is more than 10 years. As a result, I can forecast that the size will be insufficiency but I deem that if we devise a plan about parallel pumping on water tank space, we can cope with it. Also, it is expected that we can cut back the transport energy by controlling pump volume.