• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2011

The effects of duration and time-dependent, high-intensity exercise on hematological properties and inflammation-related parameters in rats were studied. 20, 60, and 120 min of high-intensive exercise were performed daily for 8 weeks. None of the complete blood count (CBC) factors were affected by the exercise, except for the leukocyte concentration which, in the 20 min group, showed an increase of 47% compared to the control, but this was decreased after 60 min by 30% compared to the control. As exercise was performed for 60 min or longer, serum concentrations of $Fe^{++}$, unsaturated iron biding capacity (UIBC), and total iron biding capacity (TIBC) were significantly elevated in comparison to the control, where 20 min of exercise did not show any change. Both levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the serum, were elevated in response to the high-intensity exercise, however the rate of IL-6 increase was higher than the rate of exercise intensity increase, thus the offset of inflammation might be suggested. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum became high in response to the exercise. Overall, the current observation suggests that inflammation-like responses to high-intensity exercise might be due to high circulation of blood flow and high oxygen requirement, resulting in systemic damages. However, under the current high-intensity exercise conditions, more than 20 min of exercise might not be suggested for health care purposes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2014

In the present study, the curative effect of curcumin on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats was investigated. Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), with serious side effects, including erosion, ulcerative lesions, and petechial bleeding in the mucosa of the stomach. Gastric mucosal lesions were caused by oral administration of 25 mg/kg of indomethacin. Various doses (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of curcumin were treated for 3 days by oral gavage. Indomethacin clearly increased the gastric ulcer area in the stomach, and curcumin significantly decreased the gastric ulcer area in a dose-dependent manner. Curcumin also markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosa and activated radical scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that curcumin can induce recovery from indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions through inhibition of lipid peroxidation and activation of radical scavenging enzymes, such as SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Curcumin appears to be a powerful free radical quencher, and it may offer an attractive strategy for healing gastric mucosal lesions in humans.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-94
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• 2013

The cytotoxicity of coffee-like green tea (CLGT) was determined in a human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7; a human prostate cancer cell clone, PC-3; a human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH; and a rat cardiomyoblast cell line, H9c2, with reference to green tea leaves (GTL). The CLGT was prepared by roasting the GTL for 60 min at $240^{\circ}C$ in a temperature-controlled frying pan. The CLGT preparation imitated the flavor and taste characteristics of coffee fairly well according to sensory analysis. The CLGT preparation had no adverse cytotoxic effects on the cancer cells or the normal cells compared to GTL. No significant change in the antioxidant activity was seen in the CLGT preparation compared to that of GTL. The amount of total protein, sugar, and phenolic compounds was reduced in the preparation relative to those in GTL, a fact that might explain the coffee-like flavor and/or taste characteristics of the CLGT preparation. These results suggest that CLGT prepared by roasting GTL for 60 min at $240^{\circ}C$ does not show any adverse effects on cancer cells and normal cells compared to GTL. They imply that CLGT could be safe for human consumption.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.495-501
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• 1999

Lactobacillus acidophilus KY 2104 was isolated from 41 healthy korean ($2{\sim}35\;age$, 26 man, 15 woman) feces to use as a probiotic lactic acid bacteria for functional foods, fermented milk and pharmaceutical products. L. acidophilus KY 2104 survived in the presence of acid and bile, and inhibited pathogens. It survived almost 100% in pH 3.0 phosphate buffer for 2 hr, and more than $10^4\;cfu/mL$ in pH 2.0 phosphate buffer when inoculated by $10^7\;cfu/mL$. It was also found to grow in MRS medium containing 0.5% oxgall. L. acidophilus KY 2104 exerted inhibitory effect against enteric pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium, when grown with each in associative cultures for 16 hr. As a result of acute toxicity of L. acidophilus KY 2104 in rats, there was no observation on motality, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings in the oral administration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.726-735
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the biological activities of polysaccharide extracted from the fruit body and cultured mycelia of Phellinus linteus IY001. All fractions were extracted by hot water, in the next, Fr. I, Fr. II, Fr. III and Fr. IV were polysaccharide obtained by ethanol precipitation or ultrafiltration. The highest antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice was observed in Fr. III and Fr. IV at the level 85%, but the antitumor activity had no connection with their anticomplementary activity in vitro, it might probably be due to extraction of hot water. All fractions promoted the production of nitric oxide and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in macrophage, addition of Fr. I and Fr. II resulted in production of nitric oxide$3(5.9{\sim}37.6\;{\mu}M)$ and of the $TNF-{\alpha}$ production($8,696.2{\sim}9,420pg/ml)$. All fractions inhibited the lipid peroxidation induced by $AsA/Fe^{2+}$, $ADP/NADPH/Fe^{3+}\;and\;CCl_4/NADPH$ in rat liver microsomes, and Fr. III showed the electron donating ability stronger than tocopherol in assay system using DPPH. From these results, it is suggested that all fractions contain immunoregulatory components which may protect cellular materials from the oxidative damages by their radical scavenging activities.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1982

Mutant strans of Salmonella typhimurium which require histidine for their growth sensitively, were easily revertant and lost the histidine requirement, when the strains contacted with some new mutagen. This work was carried out to determine the mutagenicity of kojic acid and emodin for the mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537, and TA 1538. Through the metabolic activation with liver microsome enzyme system of rat (S-9), kojic acid was recognized as a strong mutagen for the strain of TA 98, while it responsed weakly for the strain of TA 100. Without S-9 metabolic activation, kojic acid could not induce the mutation for the both strains of TA 98 and TA 100. Emodin was also recogniged as a strong mutagen for the strain of TA 1537 through the metabolic activation with S-9 mix.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.430-445
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• 1997

In order to know the effects of Calculus $Bovis{\cdot}F디$ Ursi aqua-acupuncture ($C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture) to the liver damage, we carried out the treatment of $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture and injection of Kam-Du-Tang on the liver damaged rat which is induced by aconitine, and then ultrastructural study has been to the liver tissue. The results were as follows: 1. In the hepatic cell of normal group, the nuclear envelope is round and electro-density of nucleoplasm is relatively low, and have one or two large nucleolus. Cell organelle is developed rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) and many mitochondria, glycogen granules, smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER) and Golgi apparatus. 2. In 24 hours control group, nuclear envelope is very irregular, RER and most of cell organell is shown that destroyed by aconitine. This is similar to the 48 hours control group. In 72 hours control group, RER is recovered somewhat but cristae of mitochondria is not seen the shape 3.In 24 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is very irregular and cristernae is very dilatable and many mitochondria is dilationed and the cristae is not definite like the control group. In 48 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is relatively round and chromatin is regular. Cristernae of RER and ribosme is somewhat imperfect but is similar the normal group, and the cristae of mitchondria is shown definitely like the normal group. In 72 hours $C{\cdot}F$ aqua-acupuncture group, nuclear envelope is round and cell organell is similar to normal group. 4. In 24 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envlope is very irregular and cell organelles are destroyed by the effects of aconitine. In 48 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, nuclear envelope is somewhat irregular but chromatin is relatively regular. RER is seperated regularly through the cytoplasm, but cannot make the structure of lamina, and cistennae is very dilationed. many of glycogen granules is seperated regularly. In 72 hours Kam-Du-Tang group, RER makes the lamina. Mitochondria is a little but inner space is dilationed so the shape of is not definite and a lot of glycogen granules are accumulated in several places. It see the above result, hepatic cell that is damaged by aconitine is effected chiefly by the $C{\cdot}F$ acupuncture and effect of acupuncture is similar to the detoxicated effect of Kam-Du-Tang.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.51-64
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• 2003

Objective : This study investigated the alteration of neural activity and effect of Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) on cerebral ischemia of rats. Methods : Considering age-related impact on cerebral ischemia, aged rats (18 months old) were used for this study. Ischemic damage was induced by the transient occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (BCAO) with hypotension. Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) was administered twice a day orally. Then alterations of neural activities in the brain of aged BCAO rats were measured by the [$^{14}C$]2-deoxyglucose autoradiography method. Results : The BCAO in aged rats led to significant decrease of neural activity in the whole brain. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the whole brain following BCAO ischemia. Treatment significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the CA1, CA2, CA3, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, activated barrel, barrel cortex, somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex, caudate putamen, and medial septal nucleus following BCAO in aged rats. Treatment with Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) also significantly attenuated the decrease of neural activity in the anteroventral thalamic nucleus, ventral anterior thalamic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, posterior hypothalamic area, medial mammillary nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray, dorsal raphe nucleus, interpeduncular nucleus, median raphe nucleus, and medial pontine nucleus. Conclusion : It can be suggested that Yanggyuksanhwa-tang (Lianggesanhuo-tang) has a neuroprotecuve effect on cerebral ischemia through the control of glucose metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

The flow of saliva is controlled entirely by nervous stimuli. The present study was aimed to explore the role of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the regulation of sodium transporters and water channels in the salivary gland. Rats were denervated of their sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to the submandibular gland, and the expression of sodium transporters and water channels was determined. The expression of either ${\alpha}-1$ or ${\beta}-1$ subunit of Na, K-ATPase was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of both subunits was decreased by the parasympathetic denervation. The expression of ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-$, and ${\gamma}$-subunits of ENaC was not significantly affected by the sympathetic denervation, but was increased by the parasympathetic denervation. On the contrary, the expression of NHE3 was markedly decreased by both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic denervation. The sympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP1, while the parasympathetic denervation was without effect. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation significantly increased the expression of AQP4. The sympathetic denervation did not affect the expression of AQP5, but the parasympathetic denervation significantly decreased it. These results suggest that sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves have tonic effects on the regulation of sodium transporters and AQP water channels in the salivary gland. The sympathetic and parasympathetic denervation may then result in alterations of secretory rate and electrolyte composition of the saliva.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.397-406
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to observe the titanium implant osseointegration in the osteoporosis-induced animal model. Seventy rats, 11 weeks of age, were divided into two groups : an ovariectomized group and a control group. Titanium screw implants(diameter, 2.0mm; length, 3.5mm) were placed into left tibias of 70 rats, 35 in the control group and 35 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with fibronectin and CD34 antibody. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Histopathologically findings, newly formed bone was seen at 3 weeks and became lamellar bone at 8 weeks, and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks control group. In experimental group, thickness of regenerated bone increased till 8 weeks gradually and mature trabecullar bone was seen at 12 weeks. 2. By histomorphometric analysis, marrow bone density and contact ratio of marrow bone to implant decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group compared to control group and also total bone to implant contact ratio decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group. 3. Fibronectin immunoreactivity was strong at 3 weeks control group and reduced after 8weeks gradually. But it was continuously strong from 3 to 8 weeks in experimental group. 4. CD34 immunoreactivity was very strong in the newly formed osteoblasts from 3 to 8 weeks control group. But it reacted minimally later. While in experimental group, it reacted continuously strong from 3 to 12 weeks. The results of this study suggest that osteoporosis is not an absolute contraindication to dental implantation if sufficient period suggested after fixture installation till second stage surgery.