• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 2013

Bryonia alba L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and grows in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Russia, Ukraina and Armenia. The root of Bryonia alba has been used for neuropsychical diseases, psychosis, hysteria, paralysis, epilepsy, vertigo, headache, migrain, melancholia, forgetfulness, sadness, absent mindedness, delirium, cardiovascular disease, ischemia, gastrointestinal diseases, gastric ulcer and respiratory diseases. The root of Bryonia alba contains an oxidized tetra cyclic triterpens, cucurbitaceous, polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, ethereal oils, fatty acids, a great amount of amino acids, alcohol soluble enzymes, sugar, carotene, vitamin C and E. Bryonia alba increases coronary blood-flow and the amplitude of cardiac contractions. Bryonia alba has an antistressor action and increases the working capacity. Bryonia alba activates connective tissue cells. Bryonia alba markedly increases the oxygen consumption by young and senescent rat brain, liver as well as heart mitochondrial fraction as Korean Ginseng. Bryonia alba decreases lipid peroxidation after immobilization stress. In conclusion, Bryonia alba like Ginseng used in traditional medicine came from ancient time has a good perspective administration as prophylactic and medical remedy, as remedy of lot of diseases in modern medicine.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.641-649
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• 2014

The antiobesity effect of commercial kochujang and fermented wheat grains in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was studied. The experiment was consisted of 6 groups. Normal, high fat diet (HFD), HFD+raw wheat grains, HFD+first fermented wheat grains (FFWG, with Aspergillus oryzae) HFD+final fermented wheat grains (FiFWG, fermented more for 30~40 days), and HFD+ commercial kochujang. The results showed that final body weight, weight gain, food efficiency ratio, and adipose tissue weight were markedly decreased by the commercial kochujang and the fermented wheat grains, whereas non-fermented raw wheat grains had no such effect. Lipid contents such as total lipid, total triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased in the serum and organs of liver and adipose tissues by the commercial kochujang and the fermented wheat grains as well. These results also indicated that fermented wheat grains exhibited more suppressive effects on high fat induced-obesity than raw wheat grains. Increased fermentation time and adding the red pepper powder resulted in increased the anti-obesity effect. Especially, commercial kochujang showed higher antiobestic effects than fermented wheat grains. These in vivo findings suggested that well-fermented end products of the wheat grains and red pepper powder in kochujang could be useful in the prevention of obesity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.270-277
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• 1993

It is well known that lipidperoxide, formed in vivo, induced the denaturation of enzyme and destruction of cell membrane to acute injury of tissue. Aralia elata have physiological activates, the improvement of lipid metabolism, antidiabetic activity etc., which was thought to have the relationship to lipid peroxidation. The anti-lipidperoxidative effect of Aralia elata have not yet established. In this study, we examined the anti-lipidperoxidative effects of Aralia elata (Butanol fraction) on CCI$_{4}$ induced lipidperoxidation in rats, and elucidated the anti-lipidperoxidative mechanism. In rat liver homogenate intoxicated with CCI$_{4}$ (0.5 ml/100g), BuOH fraction of Aralia elata (80 mg/Kg/day) exhibited 85.41% anti-lipidperoxidative effect but in serum 69.63% inhibitory effects, respectively. In mitochondrial and microsomal fraction showed inhibition of 55.85% and 69.30%, respectively. In order to elucidate the mechanism of anti-lipidperoxidation effects of Aralia elata, enzymatic (NADPH dependent) and non-enzymatic (Ascorbic acid catalyzed) reaction, in vitro, were performed. In enzymatic reation, Aralia elata exhibited 59.43% anti-lipidperoxidation effects, but in non-enzymatic reaction exhibited 43.27% inhibition. Therefore, it is noteworthy that antioxidative power of them may mainly results from the inhibition by enzymatic reaction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2000

The consumption of cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and broccoli have been shown to have a chemopreventive effect in human and in experimental animals. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), one component of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to exert its chemopreventive effect in liver, colon and mammary tissue before or concurrent exposure of carcinogen, but in some reports, there have been several evidence that consumption of I3C after carcinogen treatment induced tumor promotion in some tissues. There have been no reports about the effect of I3C after carcinogen exposure in N-Nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU)-induced mammary tumor model of rats. (omitted)

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling can provide an effective way to utilize in vitro and in silico based information in modern risk assessment for children and other potentially sensitive populations. In this review, we describe the process of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to develop PBPK models for a chemical in different ages in order to predict the target tissue exposure at the age of concern in humans. We present our on-going studies on pyrethroids as a proof of concept to guide the readers through the IVIVE steps using the metabolism data collected either from age-specific liver donors or expressed enzymes in conjunction with enzyme ontogeny information to provide age-appropriate metabolism parameters in the PBPK model in the rat and human, respectively. The approach we present here is readily applicable to not just to other pyrethroids, but also to other environmental chemicals and drugs. Establishment of an in vitro and in silico-based evaluation strategy in conjunction with relevant exposure information in humans is of great importance in risk assessment for potentially vulnerable populations like early ages where the necessary information for decision making is limited.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.428-433
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• 1994

The methabolism and phamacokinetics of a mixed disulfide S-(N, N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (AC-DDTC) were studied in rats. Two metabolites of AC-DDTC following iv and po administration were indentified in plasma and liver by HPLC and GC, namely N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and the methyl ester of DDTC (Me-DDTC). AC-DDTC was very unstable in vivo and could not be detected neither in plasma nor in urine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of DDTC following intravenous administration of AC-DDTC (20 mg/kg) were calculated. DDTC has a low affinity to rat tissue and the body clearance was $9.0{\pm}3.4mkl/mim/kg$. The mean residence time (MRT) was $11.5{\pm}16.3 min$. After oral administration of 20 mg/kg AC-DDTC, maximal plasma concenttion ($C_{max}$) was $3.8{\pm}0.2 nmol/ml$ and the bioavailability was 7.04%. $C_{max}$ for DDTC at a dose of 120 mg/kg. AC-DDTC was $40.1{\pm}2.2 nmol/ml$. ART was $47.1{\pm}2.8min$.at a dose of 20 mg/kg and $110.5{\pm}6.0 min$ at 120 mg/kg.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.172-183
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• 2017

Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance. Here, we tested, whether vitamin A-mediated changes in insulin resistance markers are associated with SCD1 regulation or not. For this purpose, 30-week old male lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain were given either a stock or vitamin A-enriched diet, i.e. 2.6 mg or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet, for 14 weeks. Compared to the stock diet, vitamin A-enriched diet feeding improved hyperglycemia and glucose-clearance rate in obese rats and no such changes were seen in lean rats receiving identical diets. These changes were corroborated with concomitant increase in circulatory insulin and glycogen levels of liver and muscle (whose insulin signaling pathway genes were up-regulated) in obese rats. Further, the observed increase in muscle glycogen content in these obese rats could be explained by increased levels of the active form of glycogen synthase, the key regulator of glycogen synthesis pathway, possibly inactivated through increased phosphorylation of its upstream inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase. However, the unaltered hepatic SCD1 protein expression (despite decreased mRNA level) and increased muscle-SCD1 expression (both at gene and protein levels) suggest that vitamin A-mediated changes on glucose metabolism are not associated with SCD1 regulation. Chronic consumption of vitamin A-enriched diet improved hyperglycemia and glucose-intolerance, possibly, through the regulation of intracellular signaling and glycogen synthesis pathways of muscle and liver, but not associated with SCD1.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.81-97
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effect of electroacupuncture at Kokchi($LI_{11}$) in rats. Methods: A study administer AAPH to the abdominal cavity of rats and stimulate Kokchi($LI_{11}$) of the rat that lead to oxidative stress by electropuncture. And the study survey serum albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, Glucose, GOT, GPT and measure SOD activity, GSH concentration, catalase activity, NO concentration, MDA concentration. Results: 1. At the analysis of blood chemistry Albumin and Glucose significantly increase at $LI_{11}$-NR group, $LI_{11}$-EA group than at control group and holder group. LDL cholesterol, GOT, GPT decrease meaningfully. 2. As results of measurement at liver, SOD, Catalase represnet significantly increase at $LI_{11}$-NR group and $LI_{11}$-EA group than at control group and holder group. 3. Glutathione has some increases at the $LI_{11}$-NR group and $LI_{11}$-EA group than at the control group and the holder group. 4. As a result of measurement of NO and MDA's content, the content of NO decrease at the $LI_{11}$-NR group than at the control group. That reduces more meaningfully at the $LI_{11}$-EA group than at the control group. MDA has a significant decrease at the $LI_{11}$-NR group and the $LI_{11}$-EA group. 5. At the histological analysis, the study confirm that the density of intracellular cytoplasm in the liver tissue decreases at the control group as compared with the Normal group and the size of cell increases. Conclusions : These results suppose that electroacupuncture at $LI_{11}$ has an anti-oxidant effect in human.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.278-299
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• 1998

This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-stress effect of danchisoyosan on the rats stressed by immobilization. The experimental animals were immobilized in the stress box($5{\times}5{\times}20cm$) for 12 hours in a day during 3 days, and administered $500mg/5m{\ell}/g$ of Danchisoyosan extract for 14 days before stress. There were measured the change of body weight and organ weight under immobilized-stress. The norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonine contents were measured by HPLC method in rat brain. There were measured the GOT, GPT contents in serum and tissue lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, spleen, adrenalgland, pancreas, testes, thymus, heart. The following results were obtained: 1. The change of organ weight was significantly lower in control than normal group. Sample group inhibited decreased weight from stress comparing to control group. 2. Lipid peroxidation in the liver was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 3. Lipid peroxidation in the kidney was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 4. GPT contents in serum was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample up shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 5. Dopamine contents in the brain was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group. 6. Serotonine contents in the brain was significantly higher in control than normal group. Sample group shows significant decrease comparing to control group.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.161-165
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• 2003

The effects of Saururus chinensis Baill administration on the biochemical parameters of function in liver of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treated rats were investigated. Saururus chinensis Baill (200mg/kg) was administered into rats intraperitoneally for four weeks, seven days after the injection of TCDD(1 ${\mu}g/kg$). We examined the antioxidative enzymatic activity by measuring the level of AST and ALT in serum and SOD, Catalase, GPx, GSH and GSSG in liver tissue of rats. STT group showed 70.7% of inhibitive effect in AST acrivity compared to TTA group. ALT level of STT group was decreased to the level of NTT group. SOD and Catalase in TTA group were lower than in NTT group, but SOD and Catalase in STT group were increased by 82% and 55.45% respectively compared to TTA group. GSH contents in STT group were 74.20% increased compared to TTA group. GSSG contents in STT group were 61.08% decreased compared to TTA group. These results suggest that Saururus Chinensis Baill has a potent hepathprotective effect against TCDD intoxicated rats.