• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of Chengsimyeonjatanggagam extracts in the animal model regarding ADHD related symptoms and indicators. Methods: The experimental group was classified into the normal group (WKY rat) in 7, the control group (SHR rat) in 7, the low-concentration group of herbal medicines (SHR rat) in 7, and the high-concentration group of herbal medicines (SHR rat) in 7 by random sampling. The open field test was conducted three times on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days during the oral medication. After that, Y-maze test, intestinal permeability verification (L/M ratio), and Western blotting (CDK expression in the cerebral cortex) were performed in sequence. Results: The Chengsimyeonjatang-gagam extracts reduced the activity distance in the SHR rat at 21 days in the low and high concentration groups by the open field test. It also reduced the cross-action rate in the low and high concentration groups by the Y-maze test. And the low concentration group showed 52.3% decrease in the L/M ratio compared to the SHR group. Finally, the CDK5 protein significantly increased in the low and high concentration groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Chengsimyeonjatang-gagam extracts have potential to be used for the treatment of ADHD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.566-572
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• 1997

유전자 치료등 폐암에 대한 새로운 치료법의 개발및 그 효능의 검증에 있어 적절한 동물 모델이 없음은 큰 제 한점중의 하나이다. 특히 종양의 생물학적 특성이나 치료에의 효과등이 장기자체의 환경에 크게 영향 을 받는다는 사실은, 인체에서의 폐암의 특성을 가지며 폐에 정 위적으로 발생하는 폐암의 동물모델의 개발 을 시급하게 한다. 저자등은 Nude rat을 대상 동물로 하여, 개흉하에 종양세포 부유액을 원하는 폐말단 부위에 직접 주입함으로 폐에 정 위적으로 폐암의 발달을 유도하였으며 이를 이용하여 발생된 비소세포 폐암의 병태를 연구하였다. 종양은 실험 대상 등물에서 모두 발생하였으며 이용한 두 가지 종류의 세포주(NCI-H46O과 NCI-H1299)에서 모두 효과적으로 발생하였다. 발생된 폐종양은 시간 경과에 따라 주위 조직으로의 침윤과 종격동 전이의 양상를 보였다. 종양 숙주 동물의 평균 수명은 약 5주 정도였다. 저자등이 개발한 비소세포폐암의 동물 모델은 기관지를 통한 종양 세포 주입법에 의한 폐암 모델에 비해 국소적으로 진행된 폐암을 원하는 부위에 정확히 만들 수 있음은 물론 외과적 처치를 비롯한 국소적 치료 방법의 개발이나 ?과의 검증에 두루 이용되기에 적절하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.457-474
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• 2003

The ultimate objective of periodontal treatment is to get rid of an on-going periodontal disease and further regenerate the supporting tissue, which is already destroyed, functionally. Currently, the bone grafting operation using various kinds of bone grafting materials and the operation for induced regeneration of periodontal tissue using the blocking membrane are performed for regeneration of the destroyed periodontal tissue. However, there are respective limitations Galenical preparations, which are used for regeneration of periodontal of tissue, has less risk of rejective reaction or toxicity that may be incidental to degradation and their effect is sustainable. Thus, in case they are applicable to a clinic, they can he used economically. Chitosan has such compatibility, biological actions including antibacterial activity, acceleration of wound treatment, etc., and excellent mechanical characteristics, which has recently aroused more interest in it. Also, it has been reported that it promotes osteogenesis directly or indirectly by functioning as a matrix to promote migration and differentiation of a specific precussor cell (for example, osteoblast) and further inhibiting the function of such a cell as fibroblast to prevent osteogenesis. In this study, the pure chitosan solution, which was obtained by purifying chitosan, was used. However, since this chitosan is of a liquiform, it is difficult to sustain it in a defective region. It is, therefore, essential to use a carrier for delivering chitosan to, and sustaining it gradually in the defective region. In the calvarial defect model of the Sprague-Dawley rat, it is relatively easy to maintain a space. Therefore, in this study, the chitosan solution with which ACS was wetted was grafted onto the defective region, For an experimental model, a calvarial defect of rat m s selected, and a critical size of the defective region was a circular defect with a diameter of 8 mm. A group in which no treatment was conducted for the calvarial defect was set as a negative control group. Another group in which treatment was conducted with ACS only was set as a positive control group (ACS group). And another group in which treatment was conducted was conducted with by grafting the pure chitosan solution onto the defective region through ACS which was wetted with the chitosan solution was set an experimental group (Chitosan/ACS group). Chitosan was applied to the Sprague-Dawley rat's calvarial bone by applying ACS which was wetted with the chitosan solution, and each Sprague-Dawley rat was sacrificed respectively 2 weeks and 8 weeks after the operation for such application. Then, the treatment results were compared and observed histologically and his tometrically. Thereby, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the experimental group, a pattern was shown that from 2 weeks after the operation, vascular proliferation proceeded and osteogenesis proceeded through osteoblast infiltration, and at 8 week after the operation, ACS was almost absorbed, the amount of osteogensis was increased and many osteoid tissue layers were observed. 2. At 2 weeks after the operation, each amount of osteogenesis appeared to be 8.70.8 %, 13.62.3 % and 4.80.7 % respectively in the experimental group, the positive control group and the negative control group. Accordingly, it appeared to be higher in the Experimental group and the positive control group than in the negative control group, but there was no significant difference statistically (p<0.01). 3. At 8 weeks after the operation, each amount of osteogenesis appeared to be 62.26.1%, 17.42.5 % and 8.21.4 % respectively in the experimental group, the positive control group and the negative control group. Accordingly, it appeared to be substantially higher in the experimental group than in the positive control group and the negative control group, and there was a significant difference statistically (p<0.01). As a result of conducting the experiment, when ACS was used as a carrier for chitosan, chitosan showed effective osteogenesis in the perforated defective region of the Sprague-Dawley rat's calvarial bone.

• 대한치과교정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과교정학회 1997년도 제30회 학술대회
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• pp.35.2-35.2
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• 1997

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 1973년도 제12차 학술대회
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• pp.57.1-57.1
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• 1973

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the effects of Chitosan on the nickel poisoning in rats. In the study, 150 male Sprague-Dawley were used. The experimental groups were divided into four: A (30 mg/L nickel), B (30 mg/L nickel+0.2% Chitin, Chitosan and Dithiocarbamate Chitosan), C (30 mg/L nickel+0.4% Chitin, Chitosan and Dithiocarbamate Chitosan), D (30 mg/L nickel+0.8%Chitin, Chitosan and Dithiocarbamate Chitosan). The results were as flows; 1. The nickel concentration in the livers of the control group (A) was $0.153{\sim}0.186\;mg/kg$ but the nickel concentration in the livers of the experimental decreased during the experimental period (P<0.05). 2. Metallothionenin levels in rat liver were $2.77{\sim}3.25\;ug/g$ wet,wt in control group (A), but were $2.89{\sim}3.51\;ug/g$ wet,wt (B), $2.97{\sim}3.62\;ug/g$ wet,wt (C), $2.68{\sim}3.68\;ug/g$ wet,wt (D). Respectively in the experimental groups. The experimental groups were inclined to increase compare to the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed a preventive effect of Chitin, Chitosan and Dithiocarbamate Chitosan against nickel toxicity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.35-51
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• 2013

트레드밀 운동이 비만 쥐의 심장근 내 항산화에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 흰쥐에 6주 동안 고지방 식이로 비만을 유발시킨 뒤 운동강도와 적용시간을 달리하여 트레드밀을 3주 동안 적용하였으며, 체중변화, 혈중지질성분, 조직학적 변화, 심장근 내 항산화 효소와 MCP-1(monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) 등의 변화를 연구하였다. 4주령 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 32마리를 사용하여 각각 일반사료를 섭취한 정상군 (normal), 비만 대조군 (control), 비만 쥐에게 고강도 분할운동을 적용한 실험군 I(Experimental I), 비만 쥐에게 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II (Experimental II)로 나누었다. 실험 결과 첫째, 체중변화는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 유의한 감소가 있었다 (p<0.001). 특히, 운동을 적용한 1주에서 3주까지 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 혈중지질성분 수치는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 총콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백질의 유의한 감소, 고밀도 지단백질에서는 유의한 증가가 있었다 (p<0.001). 셋째, 심장근의 조직학적 소견은 심장근에서 아교질 형성과 평활근 섬유의 정렬 상태와 밀집도, 심장근 세포크기가 중강도 지구력 운동 적용한 실험군 II에서 정상군과 비슷한 형태인 근육들이 잘 밀집해 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한, 섬유아세포, 염증세포들의 침윤 등이 고지방 식이 유발 쥐인 대조군과 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I에서 가장 심하였으며, 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II는 대조군에 비해 섬유아세포, 염증세포들의 침윤 등이 현저히 감소하였다. 넷째, 심장근의 항산화 효소 SOD(superoxide dismutase), CAT(catalase), GPx(glutathione peroxidase) 수치는 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II와 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I에서 모두 유의한 증가가 있었다 (p<0.001). 다섯째, 심장근의 항산화 단백질 MCP-1 발현 수치는 고강도 분할 운동을 적용한 실험군 I과 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II 모두에서 감소가 있었으며 (p<0.01), 특히, 중강도 지구력 운동을 적용한 실험군 II에서는 유의한 감소가 있었다 (p<0.001). 따라서, 중강도 지구력 운동은 고지방 식이로 유발된 비만 쥐의 심장근 내 항산화에 영향을 주어 비만 개선과 산화적 스트레스에 의한 심장근육 손상 감소 등에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 1991

In order to know the influence of mast cells on the mammary tumor development, the growth of the mammary carcinoma, the numerical changes and the morphological findings of mast cells appeared in the tumor were microscopically observed in the rat treated with DMBA and each chemical of histamine, heparin, pyrilamine or cimetidine. The results observed were summarized as follows: The tumor induction time that represented the number of days elapsing between the 3rd DMBA administration until a first tumor became $10{\times}10mm$ in diameter was $42.5{\pm}4.7$ days, and the mean number of tumor mass per rat was $3.4{\pm}1.2$ in the DMBA-treated group. No significant difference was apparent in the tumor induction time of the histamine-treated group, heparin-treated group or pyrilamine-treated group compared with the control group, but in the cimetidine-treated group the tumor induction time was $61.8{\pm}10.6$ days (p<0.005). The mean number of tumors per rat was $2.1{\pm}0.9$ in the cimetidine-treated group in contrast to $3.4{\pm}1.3$ in the control group (p<0.005). Numerical changes of mast cells were observed according to the development of DMBA induced mammary tumors that were separated into three major classes of tumors. The numbers of mast cells in all the experimental group were inclined to increase significantly according to the mammary tumor development (p<0.005), and the histamine-treated group, heparin-treated group, or pyrilamine-treated group were nearly similar to the control group. But the mast cells in the each stage of tumor development were more numerous in the cimetidine-treated group than in the control group (p<0.005). There were not significant in the numerical changes of mast cells among the experimental groups on each stage of carcinomas separated by early stage, middle stage and late stage. In the morphological characteristics of mast cells, the degranulation was not detectable from the hyperplasia stages to the early stage of carcinoma, but its degranulation was observed at the middle stage of carcinoma. Most mast cells were nearly degranulated at the late stage of carcinoma. The histamine treated group, pyrilamine-treated group and cimetidine treated group did not differ from the control group in morphological changes of mast cells, but the degranulation was shown mild in the heparin-treated group. And the degranulation gave rise to the depletion of intercellular matrix via exocytosis all the experimental group. From above results, it is supposed that mast cells inhibit the tumor development and that the inhibition is not caused by a single-factor, but by a complex activities of mast cell mediators.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1990년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Korean Ginseng, 1990, Seoul, Korea
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• pp.58-64
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• 1990

The effects of ginseng saponins, G-Rbl and G-Rc on the rat liver LDH A-gene transcnptional activity was investigated during pro-replicative phase of rat liver after partial hepatectomy. Changes in LDH A-mRNA levels in regenerating rat liver after intraperitoneal administrations of G-Rbl of G-Rc were tested by slot blot hybridization methods. The results showed that G-Rbl (1 mg/100g B.W) and G-Rc (1 ma/100g B.W) caused marked increases of LDH A-mRNA contents by respectively 1.9- and 1.5-fold in rat liver at 5·hours after partial hepatectomy. Dose dependent effect of G-Rbl and G-Rc (1-25 mg/100g B.W) on the LDH A-mRNA levels on regenerating rat liver were also analyzed. The maximal in- creases of liver LDH A-mRNA levels were observed with the doses of 1 mg for G-Rbl and 5 mg for G-Rc However, when the administration doses of G-Kbl and G-Rc were increased to 20 mg, G-Rbl caused a marked decrease of LDH A-mRNA level to 61% of those in sham-operated rat liver In contrast, G-Rc slightly decreased the liver LDH A-mRNA contents by 30% as compared to those of the maximum value but still maintained 22% higher LDH A-mRNA levels then those of sham-operated rate liver. On the basis of these experimental results, we conclude that ginseng saponin, G-Rb 1 and G·Rc have stimulatory effect at the lower concentration (1 mg/100g B.W) and inhibitory effect at the higher concentration (20 moi loos 5.W) on the LDH A-gene transcription during regeneration of rat liver, Additionally we also investigated the stimulatory effects of ginsenosides on the protein and DNA synthetic activities in hepatocyte primary cell cultures isolated from regenerating rat liver. Both of G·Rc and -Re increased the synthetic rates of hepatocytes proteins and DNA at the administration doses of 50 ug and 100 ug/3 ml/dish respectively representing 1.3-1.6 fold increases. From these results we postulate that G-Rc and -Re may have a mitogen enhancer activity for the hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration period. Keywords Inductive effects of ginsenosides, G-Rb, -Rc, and -Re, rat LDH A-gene transcription, the sin thetic rate of proteins and DNA in regeneration rat liver.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction characterized by sneezingm itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. The offending allergenes are usually pollens, molds, dust mites and animal allergen. Recently, the incidence of infectious nasal diseases tend to decrease. However, allergic rhinitis has increased and treatment in most cases has only deat with the symptom. Tongkyu-tang was composed of sixteen crude drugs. The Oriental Medical References mention therapeutic effects of Tongkyu-tang on nasal obstruction, watery nasal discharg. And Tongkyu-tang has clinically been used for the treatment of common cold, headache, sternutation, rhinitis etc. Speacially Tongkyu-tang is one of the most frequently used medical treatment for the allergic rhinitis. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate for the effect of Tongkyu-tang on the changes of neutrophil segment, lymphocyte, total IgE and nassal tissue in allergic rhinitis of ovalbumin-inhalation rat. Meterial and Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitoneally with 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of I week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rat in the experimental group were oral administration treated by Tongkyu-tang for 28 days. We observed changes in nasal tissue; changes in the number of white blood cell, red blood cell and total Ig E; also changes in the segment of neutrophil and lymphocyte in blood. And we observed the changes of AST, ALT of three group. We used anova test statistically. Result: The number of leucocyte remained unchanged between three group. The number of erythrocyte was increased in experimental group and control group when compared with the normal group. The segment of neutrophil, in blood was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The promotion of lymphocyte in blood was significantly decreased in experimental group when compared with the Control group(p<0.05). Total IgE was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The cilium be well preserved in experimental group: the nasal tissue in experimental group was similar to in the normal group. Congestion and expantion of grandular cell in nasal submucosa, hypertropy of epithelium in nasal mucosa, acid mucus in epithelium and neutral mucus in subepithelium were decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group. Effect of Tongkyu-tang on the liver function were also studies in rats. Treatment of Tongkyu-lang did not affected on AST and ALT. Conclusion: Considering the above experimental results, it is suggested that oral administration treatment using Tongkyu-lang, without worry about liver function injury, decreased response on an Animal model with Allergic Rhinitis.