• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to indicate of problems in statistical analysis method of "The Korean Journal of oriental Medical Prescription" and we will be proposed the useful application of the statistical analysis method. Methods : In this paper, we were analysed statistical analysis methodology from published journal articles "The Korean Journal of Oriental Medical Prescription" December, year 2000 to December, year 2008. We were investigated of problems in application of structured analysis methods those journal articles that including statistical analysis techniques and analysis methods. Results : 1. A random allocation of the experimental group and control groups are important factors in the planning process of statistical analysis. However, there are less explanation those journal articles. 2. There are no consideration in specimen size that there will be considerate by the level of significance and statistical test. 3. Many article authors were confused between parametric methods and non-parametric methods that they were applied parametric statistical analysis methods although inapplicable sample size. 4. There were applied the parametric methods consists of t-test instead non-parametric methods in the comparison of average intergroup relations. 5. There were less understanding posterior analysis and were confused with t-test. Conclusion : Our goal was to outline the key methods with a brief discussion of problems(statistical analysis methods), avenues for solutions. we recommend authors to use an appropriate statistical analysis methods for obtaining a more cautions results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.97-109
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to apply 3D computer graphics in fashion design as a creative medium and it attempts to fine out what advantages 3D technique can offer to fashion design. For this purpose, this study, first, tries to develop a 3D digital model in which designer can select design, color , pattern and fabric palette whatever necessary . This study uses of the software named 'Poser of Fractal Design' and the and the 3D digital model comprises four stages ; body modeling, item design (item coordination), color design (color coordination), pattern and fabric design (pattern and fabric coordination). Secondly, this study seeks to accumulate a data base which was produced in the course of case studies, which have applied 3D digital model to design. The outcome of the case studies shows that 3D digital model can enhance designing in the following four aspects. ⅰ) It can give more freedom to designer to try various ideas, revise and modify them, It can also produce random generation. Through this process, the designer test various input and output without damage on fabric after revision and alteration. ⅱ) It can help designers to enhance their accuracy. Since fault in the design developed by the 3D digital model can be detected in advance, designers can make correlation before actual work begins. In the end, designers can express their ideas and intention accurately as well as freely. ⅲ) Since design developed by the 3D digital model can be shared on screen by various actors in the course of priduction such designers , merchandisers, and supervisors, it can help communication between and cut the time of feedback.ⅳ) By using the 3D digital model, designers can work from the begining with awareness of actual outcome their design, since the 3D digital model provide animation, which helps designers to envisage visual changes as they apply various items, colors, pattern and fabrics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.319-324
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• 2009

Qigong is one energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although qigong -neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action- are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science, effects on the human body could be possible. This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Qigong. In the process, this review will grasp trends in this field of studies and will direct further researches into the right direction. The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inceptions up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'qi', 'qigong', 'doin', 'training', 'bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to qigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Since the 1990s, Qigong papers in the Korean Literature is increased. Clinical research studies are among the most control design study. Research subjects are less patient than the general public. The most common treatment disease was hypertension. The depth study for the each Qigong is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualitative research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.562-565
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• 2013

The high purity Al foil, which has an enlarged surface area by electrochemical etching process, has been used as an anode for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Etch pits are randomly distributed on the surface because of the existence of surface irregularities such as impurity and random nucleation of pits. Even though a large surface area was formed on the tunnel-etched Al, its applications to various fields were limited due to non-uniform tunnel morphologies. In this work, the selective electrochemical etching of aluminum was carried out by using a patterned mask fabricated by photolithographic method. The formation of etch pits with uniform distribution has been demonstrated by the optimization of experimental conditions such as current density and etching solution temperature.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7935-7941
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to implement massive parallel sequencing (MPS) technology in clinical genetics testing. We developed and tested an amplicon-based method for resequencing the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes on an Illumina MiSeq to identify disease-causing mutations in patients with hereditary breast or ovarian cancer (HBOC). The coding regions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were resequenced in 96 HBOC patient DNA samples obtained from different sample types: peripheral blood leukocytes, whole blood drops dried on paper, and buccal wash epithelia. A total of 16 random DNA samples were characterized using standard Sanger sequencing and applied to optimize the variant calling process and evaluate the accuracy of the MPS-method. The best bioinformatics workflow included the filtration of variants using GATK with the following cut-offs: variant frequency >14%, coverage ($>25{\times}$) and presence in both the forward and reverse reads. The MPS method had 100% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity. Similar accuracy levels were achieved for DNA obtained from the different sample types. The workflow presented herein requires low amounts of DNA samples (170 ng) and is cost-effective due to the elimination of DNA and PCR product normalization steps.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.69-76
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigate the system performance of a cooperative relaying system of Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with successive interference cancellation (SIC), which is considered promising application in fifth generation (5G) cellular networks. Previous studies have focused on the selected relays, however we include the maxmin relay selection and derive analytical outage probability of opportunistic incremental relaying systems. For the realistic mobile environment, the distributions of relays are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP). And maximal ratio combining (MRC) is adapted to improve the system performance at the destination node. Analytical results demonstrate the outage probability improves with the near/far user power ratio, and the cooperative relaying scheme can achieve low outage probability in comparison to the no relaying scheme. It is also conformed that the increase of the intensity of PPP cause higher gains of the spacial diversity and hence the performance improves.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

Due to the random nature of earthquake, the definition of the input excitation is one of the major uncertainties in the seismic response analysis. Furthermore, ground motions that correspond to a limited number of design parameters are not unique. Consequently, a brood range of response values can be obtained even with a set of motions, which match the same target parameters. The paper presents a practical probabilistic approach that can be used to systematically model the stochastic nature of seismic loading. The new approach is based on energy-based RMS hazard and takes account for the uncertainties of key ground motion parameters. The simulations indicate that the new RMS procedure is particularly useful for the rigorous probabilistic seismic response analysis, since the procedure is suitable for generation of large number of hazard-compatible motions, unlike the conventional procedure that aim to generate a small number of motions.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.98-120
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to elicit preference for drug listing decision criteria and to estimate the ICER threshold in South Korea using the discrete choice experiment (DCE) method. To collect the data, a DCE survey was administered to a subject sample either educated in the principle concepts of pharmacoeconomics or were decision makers within that field. Subjects chose between alternative drug profiles differing in four attributes: ICER, uncertainty, budget impact and severity of disease. The orthogonal and balanced designs were determined through computer algorithm to take the optimal set of drug profiles. The survey employed 15 hypothetical choice sets. A random effect probit model was used to analyze the relative importance of attributes and the probabilities of a recommendation response. Parameter estimates from the models indicated that three attributes (ICER, Impact, Severity of disease) influenced respondents' choice significantly(p${\pm}$0.001). In addition, each parameter displayed an expected sign. The Lower the ICER, the higher the probability of choosing that alternative. Respondents also preferred low levels of uncertainty and smaller impact on health service budget. They were also more likely to choose drugs for serious diseases rather than mild or moderate ones. Uncertainty however is not statistically significant. The ICER threshold, at which the probability of a recommendation was 0.5, was 29,000,000 KW/QALY in expert group and 46,500,000 KW/QALY in industry group. We also found that those in our sample were willing to accept high ICER to get medication for severe diseases. This study demonstrates that the cost-effectiveness, budget impact and severity of disease are the main reimbursement decision criteria in South Korea, and that DCE can be a useful tool in analyzing the decision making process where a variety of factors are considered and prioritized.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.158-165
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• 2018

Generally, container ships contain cargo holds with cell guides that serve to increase the container loading and unloading efficiency, minimize the space loss, and fix containers during the voyage. This paper describes a new quality management system for the cell guides of container ships (the so-called Trim Cell Guide system). The main functions of this system are the trimming of the point cloud obtained using a 3D scanner and an inspection simulation for cell guide quality. In other words, the raw point cloud of cell guides after construction is measured using a 3D scanner. Here, the raw point cloud contains a lot of noise and unnecessary information. Using the GUI interface supported by the system, the raw point cloud can be trimmed. The trimmed point cloud is used in a simulation for cell guide quality inspection. The RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) algorithm is used for the transverse section representation of a cell guide at a certain height and applied for the calculation of the intervals between the cell guides and container. When the container hits the cell guides during the inspection simulation, the container is rotated horizontally and checked again for a possible collision. It focuses on a system that can be simulated with the same inspection process as in a shipyard. For a practicality review, we compared the precision data gained from an inspection simulation with the measured data. As a result, it was confirmed that these values were within approximately ${\pm}2mm$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2011

An interleaver rearranges a channel-encoded data in the symbol unit to spread burst errors occurred in channels into random errors. Thus, the interleaving process makes it difficult for a receiver, who does not have information of the interleaver parameters used in the transmitter, to de-interleave an unknown interleaved signal. Recently, various researches on the reconstruction of an unknown interleaved signal have been studied in many places of literature by estimating the interleaver parameters. They, however, have been mainly focused on the estimation of the block interleaver parameters required to reconstruct the de-interleaver. In this paper, as an extension of the previous researches, we estimate the convolutional interleaver parameters, e.g., the number of shift registers, a shift register depth, and a codeword length, required to de-interleave the unknown data stream, and propose the de-interleaving procedure by reconstructing the de-interleaver.