• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3589-3593
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• 2012

Objective: Evaluation and assessment of response rate, duration and toxicity in patients subjected to 5-FU based chemotherapy. Background: The therapeutic ratio shifts with different 5FU/LV regimens and none yet serve as the internationally accepted Gold Standard. A bimonthly regimen of high dose leucovorin is reported to be less toxic and more effective than monthly low dose regimens. We here compare therapeutic responses and survival benefit of the two regimens in poor prognosis patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Patients and Methods: A total of 35 patients with histologically confirmed colorectal carcinoma were subjected to de Gramont and Mayo Clinic regimen. Nineteen patients were treated with high dose folinic acid ($200mg/m^2$), glucose 5%, 5-FU ($400mg/m^2$) and 22 hr. CIV ($600mg/m^2$) for two consecutive days every two weeks. These patients had failed responses to previous chemotherapy and were above sixty years of age with poor general status. Sixteen patients (six below 60 years) with progressive disease were subjected to low dose folinic acid ($20mg/m^2$)for five days, 5FU($425mg/m^2$) injection bolus for 5 days, every five weeks. An initial evaluation was made in sixty days and responders were reevaluated at sixty days interval or earlier in case of clinical impairment. Based on positive prognosis, the therapy was continued. Evaluation of treatment response was made on the basis of WHO criteria. Results: The response rate was 44% in thirty four evaluable patients, with 4 complete responses (11.8%) and 11 (32.4%) partial responses. The two schedules were well tolerated, whereas, mild toxicity without WHO Grade ${\geq}2$ events was assessed. The response duration was extended (12 months) in a few patients with age above sixty years treated by high dose bimonthly regimen of 5FU/LV. Conclusion: The regimens are safe and effective in advanced colorectal carcinoma patients with poor general status.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4847-4851
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• 2013

Objectives: To evaluate accuracy of FDG-PET CT in prediction of persistent disease in head and neck cancer cases and to determine prognostic value of metabolic tumor response. Materials and Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck receiving PET-CT were treated with definitive radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy. There were 29 nasopharyngeal, 11 hypopharyngeal, 3 oropharyngeal and 3 laryngeal cancer patients, with a median age of 50.5 years (range 16-84), 32 males and 14 females. All patients were evaluated with PET-CT median 3-5 months (2.4-9.4) after completion of radiotherapy. Results: After a median 20 months of follow up, complete metabolic response was observed in 63% of patients. Suspicious residual uptake was present in 10.9% and residual metabolic uptake in 26.0% of patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of FDG-PET-CT for detection of residual disease was 91% and 81%, 64% and 96% respectively. Two year LRC was 95% in complete responders while it was 34% in non-complete responders. Conclusions: FDG PET CT is a valuable tool for assessment of treatment response, especially in patients at high risk of local recurrence, and also as an indicator of prognosis. Definitely more precise criteria are required for assessment of response, there being no clear cut uptake value indicating residual disease. Futhermore, repair processes of normal tissue may consume glucose which appear as increased uptake in control FDG PET CT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.117-120
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is an increasing health problem in India. Screening for early detection should lead to a reduction in mortality from the disease. It is known that motivation by nurses influences uptake of screening methods by women. This study aimed to investigate knowledge of breast cancer risk factors & early detection methods and the practice of screening among nurses in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire to assess the knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, early detection methods and practice of screening methods among 457 nurses working in a Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla-H.P. Chi square test, Data was analysed using SPSS version 16. Test of significance used was chi square test. Results: The response rate of the study was 94.9%. The average knowledge of risk factors about breast cancer of the entire population is 49%. 10.5% of nurses had poor knowledge, 25.2% of the nurses had good knowledge, 45% had very good knowledge and 16.3% of the nurses had excellent knowledge about risk factors of breast cancer and early detection methods. The knowledge level was significantly higher among BSC nurses than nurses with Diploma. 54% of participants in this study reportedly practice BSE at least once every year. Less than one-third reported that they had CBE within the past one year. 7% ever had mammogram before this study. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest the frequent continuing medical education programmes on breast cancer at institutional level is desirable.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2019

In metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the role of radiotherapy (RT) has been limited to palliation to alleviate the symptoms. However, with the development of advanced RT techniques, recent advances in immuno-oncology therapy targeting programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and targeted agents for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation allowed new roles of RT in these patients. Within this metastatic population, there is a subset of patients with a limited number of sites of metastatic disease, termed as oligometastasis that can achieve long-term survival from aggressive local management. There is no consensus on the definition of oligometastasis; however, most clinical trials define oligometastasis as having 3 to 5 metastatic lesions. Recent phase II randomized clinical trials have shown that ablative RT, including stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) and hypofractionated RT, to primary and metastatic sites improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. The PEMBRO-RT study, a randomized phase II study comparing SABR prior to pembrolizumab therapy and pembrolizumab therapy alone, revealed that the addition of SABR improved the overall response, PFS, and OS in patients with advanced NSCLC. The efficacy of RT in oligometastatic lung cancer has only been studied in phase II studies; therefore, large-scale phase III studies are needed to confirm the benefit of local ablative RT in patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. Local intensified RT to primary and metastatic lesions is expected to become an important treatment paradigm in the near future in patients with metastatic lung cancer.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2021

Background/Objectives: To evaluate clinical significance of FDG PET-CT for detection of residual cancer cells after curative radiation therapy or chemoradiotherapy for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of Head and Neck Materials & Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with SCC of Head and neck with curative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherpy between June 2011 and Jan. 2019 was performed. Sixty patients were treated with Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The Metabolic responses were evaluated on the post-treatment FDG PET-CT at 12 weeks after curative radiotherapy completion. Results: Median follow up was 51.5 months (3-102). The overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS), local control rate (LCR), and Distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) at 5 years were 80.5%, 80.1%, 87.7% and 89.1%. Metabolic CR was found in 43 (71.7%) and partial metabolic response (PR) was noted in 17 (14.6%). Metabolic CR was significantly correlated with OS, DFS, LCR, and DMFS. On multivariate analysis, Metabolic CR remained significant for DFS and LCR. Conclusion: Metabolic CR on post-radiotherapy FDG PET-CT is highly predictive of increased DFS and LCR in patients with head and neck cancer.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.312-320
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• 1992

1986년 4월부터 1992년 3월까지 6년간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 치료방사선과에 내원하여 근치적인 방사선치료를 시행한 후 6개월 이상 추적조사가 가능하였던 31명의 치료성적은 다음과 같다. 대상환자 31명중 남자가 22명으로 여자보다 2.4배 많았으며 30세미만 3명을 제외하면 30대에서 60대까지 고른분포를 보였다. 병리조직학적 분류상 편평세포암이 13명, 미분화세포암이 18명이었다. 임상적병기는 I기 1명, II기 2명, III기 6명, IV기 22명이었다. 31명중 방사선치료만 시행된 경우가 11명, 항암제등과 병합치료를 시행한 경우가 20명이었다. 편평세포암 환자 11명중 6명에서 방사선치료만을 시행하였고 5명에서 병합치료를 시행하였으나, 미분화세포암에서는 18명중 5명은 방사선치료만을 시행하였고 13명은 병합치료를 실시하였다. 치료에 대항 반응은 치료방법에 따른 차이가 없었으나, 방사선치료만 시행한 경우에 편평세포암 6명중 3명이 완전관해를 보인 반면에, 미분화세포암 5명 모두 완전관해를 보여 큰 차이를 보였으나 병합치료에서는 세포형태에 따른 차이가 소실되었다. 치료 후 1년 생존율은 치료방법에 따른 차이가 없었다. 완전관해를 보인 환자 22명중에서 방사선치료만 시행한 8명중 6명에서 재발을 보였으며 그중 3명은 원격전이를 동반하였으나, 병합치료를 시행한 14명중에서 3명만이 재발을 보였으며 그중2명은 원격전이를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 치료방법에 따른 관해율은 비슷하였으나 치료 후 추적과정에서 발생하는 재발은 방사선치료만 시행한 경우보다 병합치료를 실시한 경우에 현저히 줄어듬을 보여주어 비인강암에 대한병합치료가 국소재발의 감소 및 원격전이의 감소를 통하여 생존율의 향상에도 기여하리라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4147-4152
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• 2014

Standard therapy for advanced head and neck cancer consists of a combination of surgery and radiation. However, survival of this patient population has not improved during the past 20 years. Many different multimodality treatment schedules have been proposed, and chemotherapy is often used with the intent of organ preservation. The present study was intended to establish the efficacy of concomitant chemoradiation with a single agent carboplatin in advanced head and neck cancers.The objectives were to investigate the feasibility of concomitant administration of carboplatin, monitor acute toxicity during radiotherapy, and determine subacute side effects, such as wound healing following surgery after chemoradiotherapy. A prospective study was conducted wherein a total of 40 patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were enrolled. All patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy and weekly carboplatin area under curve (AUC of 5). Radiotherapy was given in single daily fractions of 1.8-2 grays (Gy) to a total dose of 66-72 Gy. Salvage surgery was performed for any residual or recurrent locoregional disease. Neck dissection was recommended for all patients with neck disease showing less than a complete response after chemoradiation. A total of 40 patients were enrolled of whom 32 were males and 8 were females. Highest incidence of cancer was seen in the 5th-6th decades of life with a median age of 47.7 years. Oropharyngeal tumours constituted a maximum of 21 patients followed by hypopharynx in 10, larynx in 7 and oral cavity in 2. 80% of the patients had a neck node on presentation of which 40% had N2-N3 nodal status. TNM staging revealed that 58% of patients were in stage III and 43% in stage IV. Evaluation of acute toxicity revealed that 50% had grade II mucositis, 25% grade III mucositis, 2.5% grade IV mucositis. 50% of patients had grade I skin reactions, 65% of patients had grade I thrombocytopenia, and 24% of patients had grade I anaemia. After completion of treatment 65% of patients had complete response at the primary and regional sites, and 35% of patients had a partial response of whom 23% underwent neck dissection and 5% of them underwent salvage surgery at the primary site. At the end of one year there were six deaths and four recurrences and 70% were free of disease. Concurrent chemoradiation with carboplatin provided good locoregional control for locally advanced head and neck cancers. This regimen, although toxic, is tolerable with appropriate supportive intervention. Primary site conservation is possible in many patients. Chemoradiotherapy appears to have an emerging role in the primary management of head and neck cancers.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1986

1983년 11월부터 1986년 1월까지 인계의대 부속 백병원 치료방사선과에서 43명의 비 소세포성 폐암 환자를 치료하였다. 그 중에서 분석 가능한 38명에 대한 치료결과를 보고하는 타이다. 33명이 근치적 목적으로 방사선 치료를 받았고 나머지 5명은 수출후 방사선 치료를 받았다. 12명의 환자는 방사선 치료하기전 혹은 방사선치료와 더불어, 그리고 방사선 치료후에 약물치료를 병행하였다. 38명의 환자 중 28명이 편평상피종이었고 10명은 선종이었다. 남자 환자가 29명, 여자 환자가 9명이었고 평균 나이는 58계로 34세로부터 74세까지의 분포를 보였다. 병기별로 보면 1기가 1명, 2기가 7명, 그리고 3기가 30명이었다. 근치적 목적으로 치료한 환자 중 치료 후 흉부 X-선 사진과 컴퓨터 단층촬영 상에서 완전히 종양이 소실된 경우가 $36\%,\;50\%$이상의 종양크기 감소를 보인 경우가 $27\%,\;25\%$ 이상의 종양크기 감소를 보인 경우가 $15\%$였고 반응을 보이지 않은 경우가 $21\%$였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1699-1702
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• 2014

Objective: To evaluate clinical efficacy of a dose escalating schedule of paclitaxel concurrent with radiotherapy in treating patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung (NSCLC). Methods: Patients with locally advanced NSCLC were treated with conventional fractionated radiotherapy or three dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT), concurrently with a dose escalating schedule of paclitaxel. All patients were divided into three groups, A with paclitaxel $30mg/m^2$, B with paclitaxel $60mg/m^2$ and C with paclitaxel $90mg/m^2$. Paclitaxel was repeated every week for a total of 4 or 6 weeks. Results: Among 109 patients, response rates were 68.8%, 71.1% and 71.8% (p>0.05) for group A (n=32), B (n=38), and C (n=39) respectively. Accordingly, disease control rates were 81.3%, 81.6% and 82.1% (p>0.05). Progression-free survival time was $8.0{\pm}5.0$ months, $11.6{\pm}6.1$ months, and $14.8{\pm}7.9$ months (p<0.05), respectively. Overall survival time was $15.4{\pm}7.6$ months, $18.2{\pm}8.0$ months, and $22.0{\pm}7.6$ months (p<0.05), one-year survival rates were 62.5%, 73.1% and 90.0% (p>0.05) and two-year survival rates were 31.3%, 38.5% and 50.0% (p<0.05). Main side-effects were bone marrow suppression, radiation related esophagitis and gastrointestinal reaction. Conclusion: In treating patients with NSCLC, concurrent chemoradiotherapy with paclitaxel improves early response compared with conventional fractionated radiotherapy or 3 DCRT. The survival rate was improved with the addition of paclitaxel, but there was an increase in adverse reactions when the dose of paclitaxel was increased.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1984

From 1979 to 1982, 80 patients with unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer without metastasis were treated with high-dose radiotherapy to the primary and to regional lymph nodes with or without supraclavicular lymphatics in the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital. Of these, 56 patients$(70\%)$ were completely evaluable, and 59 patients$(74\%)$ had squamous cell carcinoma, 13a large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and 831 adenocarcinoma. 21 patients$(26\%)$ had Stage II and 59 patients$(74\%)$ had Stage III. The complete and partial response rate in the high-dose$(\approx\;6,000\;rad)$ radiotherapy was $70\%\;with\;19\%$ complete response. 69 patients$(86\%)$ failed in the treatment, by the failure pattern, $64\%$ had local failure alone, $35\%$ had local failure and distant metastasis and $1\%$ had distant metastasis alone. The failure rate in the thorax were $76\%$ in squamous cell carcinoma, $40\%$in adenocarcinoma and $20\%$ in large cell undifferentiated carcinoma Preliminary result shows that actuarial survival at 1, 2 and 3 years were $56\%,\;26\%\;and\;20\%$ in overall patients and $64\%,\;37\%\;and\;21\%\;in\;Stage\;II\;and\;54\%1,\;21\%\;and\;18\%$ in Stage III, respectively. Overall median survival was 14 months; 17 months in Stage II and 13 months in Stage m. 8 patients$(10\%)$ have lived a minimum of 2 years with no evidence of disease. There was no fatal complication confirmed to be induced by radiotherapy, so definitive high-dose radiotherapy was tolerated well without major problems and resulted in good local control and survival.