• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1999

The purposes of this study are to analyze the realities after enforcements of safety control regulations for diagnostic X-ray equipments and to suggest means for an improvement of low radiation safety control. A questionnaire survey for medical radiologic technologists was carried out to determine enforcement effects of the safety control regulations. The results of analysis from the survey are as follows. That is, most of the respondents realized the importance of the radiation safety control system, but about a half of them revealed that the regulations were not well observed in accordance with their purposes. Only 43.9% of the respondents took an active part in quality control and safety control of radiation. And respondents responsibility, sex, age, and knowledge for safety control were important indicators for observations of the regulations. Trainings for the safety control regulations are needed to ensure safety control and proper usage of diagnostic X-ray equipments. And management of organizations using diagnostic X-ray equipments have to understand and stress the importance of radiation safety control system.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data in order to systemize the management of demand and supply of radiologic technicians, to pursue a fair regional distribution of educational institutions, and furthermore to keep reasonable medical treatment and fee. This research was carried out through the investigation of radiologic equipments and technicians according to the distribution of the population. Materials and Methods: We compared and analyzed the correlation between regional population, the number of clinics and hospitals, the number of medical imaging devices, and the number of radiologists and radiologic technicians in 5 cities without "Gu" administrative units in 2008. Results: 27,317 radiologic technicians have been produced since the administration of the national qualifying exam for radiologic technicians. About 18,000 radiologic technicians are currently working. There are 39 colleges or universities with Departments of Radiology and the admission quota is 2,120 students excluding one college. The ratio of radiologic equipments to radiologic technicians is 2.6 to 1. Conclusion: There is a dilemma in which some radiologic technicians fail to find appropriate jobs while some clinics or hospitals are in need of radiologic technicians. This dilemma is due to unreasonable regional discrepancies in pay system and welfare situation, and excessive profit-oriented recruiting system of clinics and hospitals. The increase of students of Radiologic Departments and approval of additional departments will end up with producing superfluous high academic degree holders, which is on the contrary to the government policy to produce more job opportunities. So the policy of increasing Radiologic Departments should be reconsidered.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.3-9
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• 1985

From the study on the chest radiologic equipments and situations of university hospitals, general hospitals, and radiologic clinics located in Seoul area and Choong-cheong province, the author got conclusions as follows : 1. The rectfication methods of the equipments were employing mainly single or three-phase full wave, and 78% of the examined were using single phase full wave. 2. The focal sizes in case of small focus were less than 1.0mm in chest-only use, and more than 1.0mm in 81% of combined use. The focal sizes in case of large focus were more than 1.6mm in 78% of the total. 3. Maximum ratings of x-ray tubes were 47% at 125 kVp maximum tube voltage and 41% at 150kVp. The maximum tube currentes higher than 500mA were shown in 72% of all the examined. And the maximum exposure time was the range of 5-8sec. 4. Grid was not used in the 66% of all the hospitals. Equipment for chest-only was employing 10:1 grid ratio and the 2.0-2.9mmAl of total filtration formed 38% of all the examined. 5. In the processing time of exposed film, 68% of all was 90sec, and only 20% of all the examined used optimum developing temperature according to this condition. 6. In the radiographic conditions, more than 50% used low tube voltages lower than 70 kVp and only 3% of all the equipments used high tube voltages higher than 100 kVp. The 46.9% of all the equipments 300mA, and 53% of all used shorter exposure time less than 1/20(0.05) sec. 7. In the monthly average number of radiographs, 44% of all was x-ray the radiographs.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 1995

The education of radiologic technology began in the regular institute of higher education in Korea in 1963. Up to now from then, our education to bring up the radiologic technologists has developed greatly in quality and quantity, and now departments of radio-technology are founded in the 16 junior colleges in March, 1995. This study was done to verify the necessity and propriety to reform the education system of radiologic technology which was run as two or three year system of college curriculum for 32 years since 1963, and to search for the method to reform in the future. We got the following results from this research. 1. In the survey, on the desirable education year for radiologic technologists, 63.9 % of professors of department of radio-technology and 63.0 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system, 27.9 % of professors and 34.6 % of radiologic technologists chose the 4 year system added to graduate school. 2. In the survey, on the future development of radiologic equipments and technique, 67.2 % of professors of department of radiologic technology and 86.4 % of radiologic technologists have a view of "revolutional development". Also, on the future tasks or roles of radiologic technologists 95.1% of professors and 94.9% of radiologic technologists have a view that "They will increase". 3. On the necessity of extension of education year to 4 years from 3 years, the factor is that development of medical technique and machinery and tools, advance of qualification of radiologic technologists, enlargement and specialization of the business of the radiologic technologists, ballance of education year with other medical sciences, international competitive power and cooperation of radiologic technology, and education continuation of the graduates of department of radiologic technology. 4. They suggested that in the 4 year curriculum of department of radiologic technology, clinical medicine, quality control of radiation and radiologic equipment, related subjects to the radiologic application and computer application should be enforced and clinical practice should be extended more. 5. On the device to found the 4 year college curriculum of radiologic technology, they suggested that first, 4 year curriculum should be founded through the variety of educational year, secondly, department of radiologic technology should be founded in the 4 year health sciences college, thirdly, educational continuation of the radiologic technologists should be systematized on the basis of life-long education.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of dental hygienist's behavior for infection control during dental practice and radiologic examination and to evaluate the dental hygienist's awareness of the importance of infection control in dental office. Methods : A survey on 218 dental hygienists was carried out. The respondents to complete a questionnaire were the dental hygienists who were in dental office on Gwang-ju area or attended complementary training conducted by the Seoul Branch of Korean Dental Hygienists Association in April 2010. The data were collected and analyzed with $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS program. Results : The ratios of educational experience for infection control in dental practice and radiologic examination room accounted for 87.6% and 30.3% respectively. Behavior degree of mask-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.60{\pm}0.70$ and $3.77{\pm}1.09$ respectively. Behavior degree of glove-wearing in the dental practice and radiologic examination room were $4.40{\pm}0.91$ and $3.68{\pm}1.17$ respectively. In case of the relation between educational experience and behavior degree in mask-wearing or glove-wearing, there was no significant difference in the performance of mask or glove wearing during dental practice, and mask-wearing during radiologic examination. However, there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the performance of glove-wearing during radiologic examination, which revealed that behavior degree between the respondents having educational experience and the others no having it were $3.92{\pm}1.19$ and $3.58{\pm}1.14$ respectively. The surface disinfection control for radiation and protective equipments used in radiologic examination room was done by occasional needs without premeditated schedules. Conclusions : The result of this study shows lower behavior degree during radiologic examination compared with one during dental practice. We suggest that there are needs to raise the awareness of infection control and to improve infection control behavior, and through this study, the importance of education was verified.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the patient exposure dose during a CT examination and the present position in utilization of the CT equipments. To this end Questionnaire were sent out to 278 medical facilities registered at Korea Hospital Association and replies of 161 medical facilities were analyzed. The results were as follows ; 1) The distribution of CT examination was. Brain 40.7%, Abdomen 27.8%, Chest 15.7%, Spine 4.8%, Pelvis 4.1%, PNS 3.2%, Facial bone 2.5% and Extremity 1.1% respectively. 2) The statistics for dose index according to each part of examination were Brain 38.0mGy, Abdomen 12.0mGy for adults : Brain 13.6mGy, Abdomen 6.2mGy for infant. Our surveyed dose index appeared lower than the IAEA recommends. 3) Most medical facilities have selected the parameters for radiographic exposure in the range of $100{\sim}120kVp,\;100{\sim}250mA\;and\;1{\sim}2$ seconds.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

This study attempts to propose an appropriate method of using digital medical imaging equipments, by studying the effects of automatic exposure control(AEC), grid ratio and the change of radiography distance on the patient dose and detertor acquisition dose during the procedure of acquiring image through a digital medical imaging detector. The change of dose following the change of grid ratio's exposure and radiography distance was measured, by using an abdominal phantom organized with tissue equivalent materials in an amorphous silicon thin film transistor detecter installed with AWC. The case to use grid ratio 12 : 1, focal distance 180cm to radiography distance 110cm in AEC, the patient dose increased rather when we used grid ration 10 : 1, focal distance 110cm. When AEC was not used,the dose necessary for image acquisition decreased as the grid ratio became higher and the distance became further. but detector acquisition dose was not reduced when in applied AEC. When purchasing digiral medical imaging equipments, optional items such as AEC and grid shall be accurately selected to satisfy the use of the equipments. Radiography error made by radiation technologist and unnenessary patient dose can be reduced by selecting equipments with a radiography distance marker equipment when it did not apply AEC. These equipments can also be helpful in maintaining high imaging quality, one of the merits of digital detectors.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

Dental panoramic radiography is an imaging technique which shows the information of teeth, jaws and superficial structures on a single image. In this study, we propose the clinical dose reference for dental panoramic radiography. Dental panoramic radiography is an application which can increase the radiation does of oral cavity. It is very important to study the real condition of management for these panoramic X-ray equipments. Since there was no researches on dental panoramic equipments in domestic and foreign study groups, we measured and analyzed the dose such as effective dose, DAP and DWP of panoramic radiography.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2006

I made inquires about mammographic equipments and circumstances of mammography rooms in the 64 medical facilities in areas of Seoul and Kyong Gi Do. Moreover I had experments about exposure dose with patients and radiologic technologists. so there is the data indicated follows. 1. There are inclined to improve in quality and function of mammographic equipments, it has been proven that s/f system exchanged to DR system. 2. It is certain that the number of examinations are becoming increasingly significant. 3. The Space Scattered Dose of mammography rooms are much more larger than portable equipments. 4. I worry about the affection of expose dose about Space Scattered Dose of mammography room. 5. There is need of study how to cope with the situation about increasing exposure dose of radiologic technologists in small space and numeruous number of examinations.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was first to analyze the utilization of dental examination through questionnaire to develop a diagnostic reference level of patient doses for dental radiography in korea. 77 dental institutions were classified into three groups: A group for the dental hospitals of the college of dentistry (11 institutions), B group for dental hospitals (30 institutions) and C group for dental clinics (36 institutions). The results were as follows : The mean numbers of unit chairs and medical staffs were 140.2, 15.3 and 5.8 sets, 112.6, 7.3 and 1.7 dentists, 3.1, 0.5 and no one radiologic technologists, and 19.7, 12.5 and 3.3 dental hygienists in A, B and C groups, respectively. The mean numbers of dental X-ray equipments were 14.64, 3.21 and 2.19 in A, B and C groups, respectively. Intraoral dental X-ray unit was used the most, the following equipments were panoramic, cephalometric, and cone-beam CT units. The most used X-ray imaging system was also digital system (above 50%) in all three groups. Insight dental film (Kodak, USA) having high sensitivity was routinely used for periapical radiography. The automatic processor was not used in many dental institutions, but the film-holding device was used in many dental institutions. The utilization rates of PACS in A, B and C groups were 90.9%, 83.3% and 16.7% respectively, and the PACS software program was used the most PiView STAR (Infinitt, Korea). The annual mean number of radiographic cases in one dental institution in 2008 for A group was 6.8 times and 21.2 times more than those for B and C groups, and periapical and panoramic radiographs were taken mostly. Tube voltage (kVp) and tube current (mA) for periapical radiography were similar in all three groups, but exposure time in C group was 12.0 times and 3.5 times longer than those in B and C groups. The amount of radiation exposure in C group, in which dental hygienists take dental radiographs, was more than those in other groups. The exposure parameters for panoramic radiography were similar in all three groups. In conclusion, the exposure parameters in dental radiography should be determined with reference level, not past experiences. Use of automatic processor and film-holding devices reduces the radiation exposure in film system. The quality assurance of dental equipments are necessary for the reduction of the patient dose and the improvement of X-ray image quality.