• 열처리공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1992

In this study, we tried to describe the quantitative model of TiN film structure which was deposited by PECVD process. The macro-grain growth behavior was studied at the various deposition pressures and times. As a result, It was confirmed that TiN films had the typical Zone 1 structure, and macro-columnar grains were, without reference to the deposition pressure, grown ballistic type by the growth-death competition following the equation, $Y=aX^2$, approximately obtained by regression analysis. Also, the thickness and the crystallization of TiN thin films were increased, the chlorine contents were decreased according to the decreasing of deposition pressure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2012

The present paper deals with the participation of the University of Pisa in the last International Standard Problem (ISP) focused on system thermal hydraulic, which was led by the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institution (KAERI). The selected test was a Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) line break carried out at the ATLAS facility. University of Pisa participated, together with other eighteen institutions, in both blind and open phase of the analytical exercise pursuing its methodology for developing and qualifying a nodalization. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the code results have been performed for both ISP-50 phases, the latter adopting the Fast Fourier Transfer Based Method (FFTBM). The experiment has been characterized by three-dimensional behavior in downcomer and core region. Even though an attempt to reproduce these phenomena, by developing a fictitious three-dimensional nodalization has been realized, the obtained results were generally acceptable but not fully satisfactory in replicating 3D behavior.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.1410-1417
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 Arnold 방정식, Chua 방정식, 하이퍼카오스 방정식을 이동 로봇에 내장한 카오스 이동 로봇에서의 카오스 거동을 해석하였다. 이동 로봇에서의 카오스 거동을 분석하기 위해서 시계열데이터, 임베딩 위상공간의 정성적인 분석뿐만 아니라 리아프노프 지수와 같은 정량적인 분석을 수행하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.223-240
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• 2006

Taking into account the geometrical and material nonlinearities, an ultimate behavior of reinforced concrete cooling tower shell in hyperbolic configuration is presented. The design wind pressures suggested in the guidelines of the US (ACI) and Germany (VGB), with or without the effect of internal suction, are employed in the analysis to examine the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of each design wind pressure. The geometrical nonlinearity is incorporated by the Green-Lagrange strain tensor. The nonlinear features of concrete, such as the nonlinear stress-strain relation in compression, the tensile cracking with the smeared crack model, an effect of tension stiffening, are taken into account. The biaxial stress state in concrete is represented by an improved work-hardening plasticity model. From the perspective of quality of wind pressures, the two guidelines are determined as highly correlated each other. Through the extensive analysis on the Niederaussem cooling tower in Germany, not only the ultimate load is determined but also the mechanism of failure, distribution of cracks, damage processes, stress redistributions, and mean crack width are examined.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2018

Recently, many countries around the world began to show interest in safety against terrorism, fire, and natural disasters. This study aimed to propose a quantitative measurement system for emergency evacuation and safety for various kinds of terrorism and fire within high-rise multi-purpose facilities, which can measure the pedestrians' ordinary walking patterns in the concourse with the highest pedestrian volume out of all the spaces within multi-story buildings, predict pedestrians' evacuation walking lines when a sudden disaster breaks out, and analyze the gait coefficient, occupant density, and evacuation behavior time.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2022

The goal of the study was to see how polymer banknotes affected users' purchasing intention. Variables affecting the properties of polymer banknotes were considered, including security, ease of use, convenience, and durability. To achieve the study's main goal, quantitative methods were used, and a questionnaire was created and posted online through Google Forms to collect primary data. The questionnaire was completed by 403 people, and the data was screened and analyzed using SPSS.The study found that using Polymer money influenced people's behavior, particularly in terms of purchase patterns, decisions, and impulsive behavior toward purchases. This was attributed to the security and simplicity of using Polymer money, which appealed to many people. Furthermore, the study found that people lost their feeling of spending, meaning that using polymer money didn't feel like spending to them, effectively eliminating the moral guilt associated with excessive spending and encouraging more impulsive buying decisions.Based on the findings, the study recommends that a study be conducted to compare the use of Polymer money with tiny and large banknotes to see what kind of difference there is.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.378-391
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• 2021

The low use of e-vehicles in Yogyakarta City and Pekanbaru City is an essential issue for local governments to maximize e-government policies in both regions. The purpose of this research is to analyze people's attitudes and factors influencing the community of e-Samsat (e-Vehicle tax) users in developing the UMEGA theory, namely technology and government trust. This is a quantitative research based on the philosophy of positivism, which is used to examine populations and individual samples. Data were collected using research instruments and quantitatively analyzed. Furthermore, the hypothesis of the obtained data was tested using SEM-PLS. The results showed that social influence does not affect attitudes of e-Samsat (e-Vehicle tax) users. Furthermore, the study showed that the development of umega theory by adding variables of trust in technology and government affects people's behavior in using e-Samsat services.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

An architectural space can be considered a life form that interconnects a number of architectural elements such as the humans who live in it. It is difficult to understand and evaluate the complexity of the interrelation between each element, but there have been various attempts to understand and evaluate this architectural space. The Space Syntax that emerged in 1980s has been studied and used more frequently than other methods. Space Syntax is the space analysis tool that analyzes the physical structure of space and represents it as a graph. Space syntax enables its various applications in space analysis by quantifying each spatial property of a whole structure, analyzing it systemically and objectively based on mathematical logic, and representing the results as a quantitative value. Integration of Space Syntax, a widely used index, reflects human behavior in spatial configuration. Meanwhile, there have been various studies in the field of architectural environmental psychology about the relationships between space and human behavior by applying behavioral science to architectural plan. One of the most widely used one is spatial behavior simulation which uses models and simulates the behavioral characteristics to anticipate practical situations and investigate the behavior related spatial problems. In this study, which focuses on the accessibility of the space syntax model, the usefulness of space will be analyzed through the simulation of human behavior that moves through each space. Furthermore, the validity of index will be verified by displaying several examples and compared with integration in space syntax, which represents the usefulness of space.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.40-53
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• 2019

Although fake news has been present in human history at any time, nowadays, with social media, deceptive information has a stronger effect on society than before. This article answers two research questions, namely (1) Is the dissemination of fake news supported by machines through the automatic construction of filter bubbles, and (2) Are echo chambers of fake news manmade, and if yes, what are the information behavior patterns of those individuals reacting to fake news? We discuss the role of filter bubbles by analyzing social media's ranking and results' presentation algorithms. To understand the roles of individuals in the process of making and cultivating echo chambers, we empirically study the effects of fake news on the information behavior of the audience, while working with a case study, applying quantitative and qualitative content analysis of online comments and replies (on a blog and on Reddit). Indeed, we found hints on filter bubbles; however, they are fed by the users' information behavior and only amplify users' behavioral patterns. Reading fake news and eventually drafting a comment or a reply may be the result of users' selective exposure to information leading to a confirmation bias; i.e. users prefer news (including fake news) fitting their pre-existing opinions. However, it is not possible to explain all information behavior patterns following fake news with the theory of selective exposure, but with a variety of further individual cognitive structures, such as non-argumentative or off-topic behavior, denial, moral outrage, meta-comments, insults, satire, and creation of a new rumor.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.185-199
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• 2009

Using a strain-controlled rheometer [Advanced Rheometric Expansion System (ARES)], the steady shear flow properties and the dynamic viscoelastic properties of $Antiphlamine-S^{(R)}$ lotion have been measured at $20^{\circ}C$ (storage temperature) and $37^{\circ}C$ (body temperature). In this article, the temperature dependence of the linear viscoelastic behavior was firstly reported from the experimental data obtained from a temperature-sweep test. The steady shear flow behavior was secondly reported and then the effect of shear rate on this behavior was discussed in detail. In addition, several inelastic-viscoplastic flow models including a yield stress parameter were employed to make a quantitative evaluation of the steady shear flow behavior, and then the applicability of these models was examined by calculating the various material parameters. The angular frequency dependence of the linear viscoelastic behavior was nextly explained and quantitatively predicted using a fractional derivative model. Finally, the strain amplitude dependence of the dynamic viscoelastic behavior was discussed in full to elucidate a nonlinear rheological behavior in large amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields. Main findings obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) The linear viscoelastic behavior is almostly independent of temperature over a temperature range of $15{\sim}40^{circ}C$. (2) The steady shear viscosity is sharply decreased as an increase in shear rate, demonstrating a pronounced Non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow behavior. (3) The shear stress tends to approach a limiting constant value as a decrease in shear rate, exhibiting an existence of a yield stress. (4) The Herschel-Bulkley, Mizrahi-Berk and Heinz-Casson models are all applicable and have an equivalent validity to quantitatively describe the steady shear flow behavior of $Antiphlamine-S^{(R)}$ lotion whereas both the Bingham and Casson models do not give a good applicability. (5) In small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields, the storage modulus is always greater than the loss modulus over an entire range of angular frequencies tested and both moduli show a slight dependence on angular frequency. This means that the linear viscoelastic behavior of $Antiphlamine-S^{(R)}$ lotion is dominated by an elastic nature rather than a viscous feature and that a gel-like structure is present in this system. (6) In large amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields, the storage modulus shows a nonlinear strain-thinning behavior at strain amplitude range larger than 10 % while the loss modulus exhibits a weak strain-overshoot behavior up to a strain amplitude of 50 % beyond which followed by a decrease in loss modulus with an increase in strain amplitude. (7) At sufficiently large strain amplitude range (${\gamma}_0$>100 %), the loss modulus is found to be greater than the storage modulus, indicating that a viscous property becomes superior to an elastic character in large shear deformations.