• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.535-543
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• 2006

Being used widely in semiconductor and display manufacturing, $NF_3$ is internationally considered as one of the regulated compounds in emission. Numerous companies have been continuously trying to reduce the emissions of $NF_3$ to comply with the global environmental regulation. This work is made to report the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of electrically heated scrubbers and the use rate in process chambers installed in three main LCD manufacturing companies in Korea. As the measurement techniques for $NF_3$ emission, mass flow controlled helium gas was continuously supplied into the equipment by which scrubber efficiency is being measured. The partial pressures of $NF_3$ and helium were accurately measured for each sample using a mass spectrometer, as it is emitted from inlet and outlet of the scrubber system. The results show that the DRE value for electrically heated scrubbers installed before 2004 is less than 52 %, while that for the new scrubbers modified based on measurement by scrubber manufacturer has been sigificentely improved upto more than 95 %. In additon, we have confirmed the efficiency depends on such variables as the inlet gas flow rate, water content, heater temperature, and preventative management period. The use rates of $NF_3$ in process chambers were also affected by the process type. The use rate of radio frequency source chambers, built in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation process lines, was determined to be less than 75 %. In addition, that of remote plasma source chambers for the $3^{rd}$ generation was measured to be aboove 95 %. Therefore, the combined application of improved scrubber and the RPSC process chamber to the semiconductor and display process can reduce $NF_3$ emmision by 99.95 %. It is optimistic that the mission for the reduction of greenhouse gas emission can be realized in these LCD manufacturing companies in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.165-182
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• 1998

When tour site is being used by people for the destination of tour, it has a life, or it will lose its life as a tour site. Therefore this paper aims to, based on Butler's theory, has chosen 46 hot spring spots in Korea which are legally assigned and presently running, and tried to analyze the life cycles, the stage of dispositional characteristics, and visitors' favoritism, and to try to find activating method which is not decline. Out of 46 spots, 29 Places were found on the stage of development, which took high percentage, 4 were on the growing stage, 5 were on the mature stage, 5 were on the stagnation or decline stage and the rest 3 were on the stage of rejuvenation. Geographically, Korean hot springs were located on the plain or mountainous areas mostly, and less of them were on hills and coast lines. In water quality, most of places had simple water while the places with salt and sulfur contained water were marked low rate. The temperatures of hot spring water were variable between $25^{\circ}C{\sim}78^{\circ}C$, but the older hot springs were hotter than new ones. After observing the relationship between disposition characteristics and life cycles, the geographical locations and the matter of approach were found as majour influential factors to the life cycles of them. The type of mountainous areas were observed slow progress in life cycle, due to traffic problem, until the road expansion or pavement work were done. Meanwhile, the suburban ones adjacent to big cities were favored by hot spring tourists due to their easy approach and easy traffic. The new born hot springs with such conditions have shown the fast growth. As studied above, since the hot springs were supposed to be for recuperation and vacational, a hot spring with better recreational and accommodational facilities was more favored by tourists than the one with pretty interior decorations. It was because the tour purpose of people has been switched from single purpose to multi one. Thus, the suggestion for activating a declining hot spring and bringing people in them is to develop new and attractive tour resources, expanding the related area, maintaining good quality of water, developing a complex site for long-term tour, developed traffic routs, hot spring festivals, utilizing adjacent tour resources, preparing public water supply system, and assigning as special tour zone.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.663-669
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• 2014

We preprocessed and pickled Deodeok with Doenjang to improve its preservability and to distribute it widely, and we stored Deodeok for 3 weeks at $7^{\circ}C$ and measured its quality. The sample pre-treated with 20% of dextrin retained its early texture better than the samples pre-treated with other methods after 3 weeks of storage (p<0.05). The samples pre-treated with other controls showed propagation of microorganisms; but Doenjang pre-treated with 20% of dextrin or sugar showed less increase in the water content. The microorganisms count in samples pre-treated with other controls was 4.0 log CFU/g after 3 weeks of storage, but the microorganisms count in the sample pre-treated with 20% of dextrin was 2.2 log CFU/g; in other words, the propagation of microorganisms was minimized in the sample pre-treated with 20% of dextrin (p<0.05). In the investigation of the preferences, this D-20 sample showed maximum improvement in color, smell, taste, and other general preferences factors. Thus, the best processing method for the optimal quality maintenance of Deodeok is to sugarize it with 20% of dextrin before pickling with Doenjang. The product prepared using with this process can be preserved for 3 weeks at $37^{\circ}C$; that is, this product is expected to have a refrigerator shelf life of 3 months.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

Childcare teacher experience emotional labor that suppresses, exaggerates, controls and regulates their emotions in order to produce the positive image required in the nursery field. The working environment for infants and toddlers has a problem of lowering the quality of life as a cause of psychological exhaustion of the emotional labor childcare teacher. Because singing helps to improve the quality of human life, research is needed to enable emotional labor childcare teacher to recover from psychological exhaustion and plan a positive life in the process of self-care. First, how is the psychological exhaustion of the emotional labor childcare teacher through song psychotherapy? Second, how is the process of self-care of the emotional labor childcare teacher through song psychotherapy? The study was conducted from March 2017 to May 2020, and through qualitative case studies, data such as in-depth interviews, direct observations, and participation observations were collected at the ○○○ daycare center for 50 minutes every 12 sessions. Based on the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn: First, through singing psychotherapy, emotional labor and childcare staff were able to discover, understand, recognize, face, communicate, and insight into their will to live, psychologically exhausted themselves. Emotional support from others can reduce the experience of emotional depletion and demonstrate a recovery of experience and an improvement in achievement due to frustration at work. Second, the self-care of the emotional labor child care teacher through song psychotherapy proved the temporal, spatial, relational, and emotional caring process, while maintaining the balance between caring for others and caring for oneself, body, mind, and spirituality are organic change. In this study, the psychological exhaustion and self-care process provides an opportunity to discover the essence of life, explore and express one's inner self, take care of others and oneself in a balanced manner, and provide insights for a whole person and healthy self. It is significant in providing opportunities to improve the quality of life through growth.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.55
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• pp.103-130
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• 2003

This study examined resettlement and adaptation condition of North Korean(NK) refugees resettling in local areas and compared the results of the examination to the life conditions for those who are living in Seoul and its vicinities. As the result indicates, the first cohort is currently inferior to their counterpart in labor market activities, life satisfaction, and quantity and quality of resettlement assistance implemented by private voluntary agencies. The reason of selecting Busan as a specific case for this study is that: 1) Busan is the largest city in the number of NK refugees residence except for Seoul, 2) Busan has a couple of community welfare centers which are involved in the work of NK refugee resettlement as well as the reason that Busan provides convenience of conducting a survey to the researcher. The most significant contribution of this study to social work research and practice is that it applied the existing theoretical and practical approach of community resources development and networking of social supports to the field of NK refugee resettlement assistance. Based on the research findings, this study suggests that the roles and functions of Community Associations of NK Refugee Assistance should be more activating and that a community welfare center should a take critical role in organizing and activating the Community Associations. This paper also suggests specific ways of enhancing the role of community welfare centers in NK refugee assistance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.664-675
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• 2016

The purpose of the study was to explore the nurses' perception of flexible working and present an operational guideline for implementation. The data were collected from a survey of 532 nurses conducted from 10 February to 24 February, 2015, using simple random sampling. SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data. This study found that the demanding for shorter hour shifts was highest ($M=3.89{\pm}0.87$) and 242 participants (46.2%) intended to apply the shift, followed by a fixed night shift, fixed weekend shift, and 12 hour shift. The common reasons identified were the poor environment of shift work and the challenges of child care. The increased time for personal development, relaxation activity to improve the quality of life and child care was highlighted and work-life balance was noted as a positive impact of flexible working. The negative impacts of flexible working were being likely to become temporary workers. These results can help establish uniform working conditions of nurses in the future by providing a standardized operational guideline as a precondition for reasonable compensation and working environment according to a flexible working pattern.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.617-638
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• 2020

It is important to maintain a healthy dietary habit to enjoy better health and quality of life in later life. However, taking care of one's dietary lifestyle at an older age may be a challenge. Especially, community dwelling low-income older adults are one of the most vulnerable population in regards to holding a well balanced healthy diet. The purpose of this research is to identify the current status of food delivery services for low-income older adults and explore related issues. In order to achieve the aim, this study conduced two sets of focus group interviews with 8 nutritionists and 7 social workers in Seoul. According to the research results, there are issues related to meals on wheels such as vague eligibility, poor operation conditions, work overload, and difficulty in realizing customized meal delivery. Food security for low-income older adults is a prerequisite for aging in place. It is necessary to discuss the ways to create favorable operating conditions to deliver customized meals and manage nutrition and hygiene from the perspective of social work.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.525-534
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• 2018

This study evaluated the various qualifications that can be linked to employment similar to the medical laboratory technology major. The qualifications for employment outside the medical laboratory technology major are industrial health instructor, doping control officer, audiologist, sign language interpreter, health education specialist, claim adjuster, Korea life underwriter, administrative manager, hospital administrator, insurance review manager, and hospital coordinator. The qualifications for employment similar to the medical laboratory technology major include the clinical research coordinator, clinical research associate, anatomist, analytical chemistry analysts, hazardous materials industry engineers, biotechnologist, biosafety managers, biotechnology technicians, medical device quality officers, animal care nurse, industrial engineer hazardous material, bioprocess engineer, biosafety officer, certified technology consultant, director of medical device quality control, laboratory animal technician, animal nursing technician, and cruise medical manager. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a social analysis survey of the various qualifications currently held by medical technologists. In addition, it will be necessary to investigate the current status of medical technologists working in other fields. In the future, medical technologists should expand the scope of their work through efforts to strengthen their individual work capacity, share cases, and strengthen their expertise.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.2162-2176
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• 1971

From the ancient times our forefathers settled down in this peninsular and cultivated the hills and waste-lands into fields. Instead of fertilizing the lands they moved to find other fertile lands and lived a feudal life of agriculture and various machines played a main role in the land reclamation. The best method of land clearing, the time and efficiency in the operation and the effect of growing crops should sysematically analized prior to the time of 3rd Five-year Economic Development(1972-1976) in order to cultivated 210,000 ha of waste-land or the modernization of our country. The present study was investigated to find out a new working-system of mechanical land clearing and development of fertile soil. The results are as follows: 1) The land reclamation in natural slope is much more encourageable in land clearing and farming when the slope is below ten grades than bench terrace. 2) Weeds were mixed with soil in the land clearing work in order to supply organic materials and to make soil swollen instead of burning of just removing. 3) The equipments such as bulldozers, harrows, power tillers and so on should be prepared in order to do a systematic work in the land clearing. 4) The work of pulling-up roots is dependent upon the forms of roots spreading under the ground. The work of the pulling-up the straight roots was most difficult. 5) The land clearing work of the wrinkled style blocks was easy in pulling up roots and in the time of first plowing. The harrowing work could also be simply done. 6) The amount of soil carried was $240m^3/10a$, 15.6% increased amount from the standard block, while the required time of clearing work was 2 hours 15 minutes 45 seconds/10a, the one third of time required for the standard block. 7) The time disc harrowing work increased 50%, or 15 minutes/10a compared to the harrowing work required in the cultivated soil. 8) The time of rotary tilling increased 2.4 times or 1 hour 47 minutes 43 seconds/10a compared to the time required in the cultivated soil. 9) The reclamed land should be fertilized according to the soil quality, especially added fertilizer should be more than 1,200kg/10a, limes 20kg/10a. In order to produce added fertilizer grass fields should be needed. 10) The experiment of pasture growing is now progressing and therefore the effect of land clearing and the degree of developed soil will be investigated before long.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.610-617
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• 2019

The urban-rural complex area in Korea has a distinctive spatial structure where the urban area and rural area coexist. Therefore, in order to cope with the over-depopulation in the rural region of the urban-rural complex area, it is necessary to explore various policies that can prevent the existing residents from leaving, and in fact support them to remain where they currently reside. In this context, this current study analyzed the factors affecting the existing residents' continuous intention to remain by employing the '2017 Chuncheon City Social Survey' as a countermeasure for the over-depopulation of the rural region in the urban-rural complex area. Especially, since a regional identity is determined endogenously, this study used a simultaneous bivariate ordered probit model with giving consideration to the endogenous relationship between a regional identity and a regional residents' intentions. As a result, it was found on analysis that the regional residential intention was higher as the regional identity was stronger. Furthermore, the regional identity was stronger as a householders' age and residence period were longer, and also as the residents were satisfied with their work leisure and life residence balance. It was also found that the residents' intention was higher as the residents' satisfaction with the local medical service and their work was increased. Thus, supporting policy is needed that can provide appropriate quality-of-life services in a timely manner, but only after identifying the demand for these services by the rural residents in the urban-rural complex area.